Investigating the Causes of the Transformation of Religious Thought From the Concept of Polytheism to the Unity of Existence by Relying on Hindu Texts

The purpose of this research is to investigate the evolution of the concept of God in Hinduism, considering the impact of different circumstances. The selection of these texts was because; In them, the course of human thought is clearly visible because it is the result of the intellectual efforts of many people over a long period of time and under various conditions. In the first category of these texts, namely the four Vedas, the most important of which is the Rig Veda, many gods are mentioned, which mostly represent natural phenomena. The evolution that occurred at the end of the Rig Veda; Belief in single and abstract gods such as Prajapati and Vishwakarman, which were previously used as attributes for gods. Although this process of abstracting the gods did not continue in the Brahmins, it had a significant impact on the prominence of the concept of sacrifice and its transformation in the Arnikas and the Upanishads. In fact, the internalization of the victim is the result of preferring meditation, concentration, austerity, and self-restraint, and previous long and boring rites and rituals. In these texts, the way to reach the truth and its real worship is not actions, but the right way, removing impurities and It is the elimination of wrong thoughts and illusions. Such thoughts reach their peak in the Upanishads, especially the Rig Veda. In the Upanishads, the absolute truth is Brahman, which includes its unattainable and indescribable duality (Nirguna) and the other Saguna. or the tangible aspect of who you are in its totality.