Effect of honey bee venom on remyelination in Wistar rats experimentally demyelinated with ethidium bromide

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Demyelination is a classical feature of MS lesion. Toxic demyelination by ethidium bromide (EB) is one of the most commonly used models for investigating the repairing capacity of the CNS. EB induces focal demyelination in the CNS. The present study investigates contribution of mature oligodendrocyte in remyelination after EB induced demyelination in the brain stem of normal Wistar rats after treatment with bee venom (BV). Bee venom therapy is widely used agaist MS but to undrestand its functions previous studies suggests that the primary allergic components of bee venom histamine and phophplipase A2 induced IL-10 production by Th-2 cells and suppressed T-cell proliferation. Studies suggest that anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of bee venom are related to modulation of adrenoreceptor activity and serotonergic neurotransmission. In this study thirty male Wistar rats (200-250 gr) were used. The rats were divided into four groups and all(excepte control) had intracisternal injection of 10 days after injection EB and saline intracisternal injection of either 10 μl EB or 0.9% saline as follows in group 2 and 4 receive BV. 9 days after injection EB, removed brainstem and prepared for histotechnicue poccessing and brainstem tissue stained with Luxol fast blue and solochrome cyanine and confirmed local demyelination. 13 days after injection EB followed by bee venom intraperitoneally for 10 days. The animals were anesthetized in 9,13 and 27day injection and brainstem section were collected and processed for light microscopy. The results of statistic were analyzed by SPSS software (one way ANOVA) and P less than 0.05 were considered as significant. In this study we observed that BV has positive effect on remyelination of the lost myelin axons, this maens that BV can cause decreas inflammatory and improved migration oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in demyelinated areas. More studies are required to determinate immunohistochemectry growth factors in brain stem tissu and CSF in this process.