نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال هجدهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 75، آبان و آذر 1395)

Depression is a kind of common mental disorder and nutrition has a role in its prevention and treatment. In previous studies, a relationship was found between depression and intake of some nutrients and food but the results were contradictory and the reason of these contradictions was ignoring the diet. The purpose of this review study is to determine the relationship between the diet and depression.
By using the keywords (depression OR anxiety) AND (diet OR nutrition OR food) AND (pattern OR habit OR behavior in databases of (SID, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus Elsevier). the number of 352 articles were obtained. After removing the repeated and unrelated articles, 19 articles that were published in the time period of 2009-2015 entered the study.
From the all found studies, 4 studies were cross-sectional, 11 studies were cohort and 3 studies were case- control. In all these studies, diet was tested by food frequency questionnaire, 24 hour recall and food record. Also, depression was tested by CES-D (Centre For Epidemiologic Depression Scale) or diagnosis of doctors. In general, 2 types of diet were identified: healthy diet and unhealthy diet. Healthy diet is significantly associated with the reduction of depression while there was no relationship between unhealthy diet and depression.
The findings suggest that the receiving lots of fruit, vegetable, fish and cereal maybe associated with the reduction of depression. Although it seems that more accurate control and cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.

ntroduction: This research studies the prediction of psychological well-being according to family functioning and essential psychological needs among the students of high school in the second grade of Tehran city.
The research population of the study consisted of the whole female student of the second grade of high school in Tehran during the academic year 2014-2015. 254 female students were selected according to random sampling method from the district 3, 8, 15 and 18 in Tehran and Reef psychological well-being questionnaire including 54 questions, family functioning questionnaire including 45 questions (FADI) and essential psychological needs questionnaire were distributed among them and in order to identify the ration of each variable’s functionality i.e. psychological well-being, family functioning and essential psychological needs the students completed the questionnaires. The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed via hierarchical and multiple regression and co-relation tests.
The findings showed that there were significant relationships among family functioning and essential psychological needs and psychological well-being.
The factor emotion expression from the family functioning variable and the aspects autonomy and competence from the essential psychological needs can be regarded as good predictions for the psychological well-being.

Successful intelligence is the combination of analytical, creative and practical capabilities. This helps individuals to adapt, select and change the environment, in order to achieve their goals in life, regarding to the socio-cultural context. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of successful intelligence on university student, Imam Jafar Sadeqh in Behbahan city.
In this descriptive study, using simple random sampling method, 50 students were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 25 patients. They were divided into experimental group and control group. Experimental group were taught by successful intelligence package. Both were measured by Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking and tolerance of ambiguity McLean questionnaires in pre-test and post-test. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.
Results showed that teaching components of successful intelligence has been able to increase student's critical thinking and tolerance of ambiguity.
Teaching successful intelligence components and teaching based on this approach in the universities of the country, gives new trends in teaching students and student's learning. It also can open new look in issues around.

One of the major factors affecting the development of any organization is its employee's mental health. In consideration of the vital role, the nurse's role in promoting public health, the present study aimed at investigating the mental health status of the nurses.
This research is a cross sectional study, addressing a sample of 93 nurses, including 61 females and 32 males, which have been chosen randomly from among the nurses working in various departments of hospitals in Behbahan city. The participants were asked to complete the general health questionnaire (GHQ). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics i.e. mean, standard deviation, and frequency, and inferential statistics i.e. independent t-test for comparing health status of the two groups, in SPSS 22 software environment.
The results showed that 75 percent of the nurses were unhealthy and 25 percent healthy; there was a significant difference between the mental health status of male and female nurses; there was a significant difference between the rates of depression in male and female nurses; there were significant sex differences in prevalence of anxiety, physical functioning, and social functioning, as well.
It can be concluded, on the basis of the findings, that the majority of nurses had a low mental health status, and the mental health status of female nurses is more at risk, compared to male nurses.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of multidimensional Rasad the triple skills on reading (decoding, fluency, comprehension) first grade and second- grade students was dyslexic.
Statistical population of this clinical study included dyslexic students (boy and girl) who were introduced to Disorders Center Behbahan city. At first, the first and second grade students were separated, then, among them 30 people were selected randomly were assigned to two groups. The experimental group is multi-dimensional restoration program was conducted over 21 one-hour sessions and the control group received no intervention. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for data collection and reading diagnostic test (Saman table) and multidimensional program Rasad that was used. To analyze the data using SPSS and univariate and multivariate covariance covariance was used.
The results showed that the mean score in reading, decoding, fluency and comprehension pretest-posttest control group with significant difference (P=0.001).
According to the results, it can be said that multi-dimensional program can improve dyslexic student's reading performance.

The effect of group training of mindfulness-based cognition approach on anger reduction of female psychology students of Azad University of Behbahan were studied in this research.
The statistical population of the study included female students of Azad University psychology of Behbahan and its statistical sample included 30 students who were selected for available sampling in experimental and control groups in 2015. The measured tool in this study is Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Then the experimental intervention (group training of mindfulness-based cognition approach) was applied to the experimental group in 8 sessions. In order to analyze the data, in addition to descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, inferential statistics methods like multivariate covariance were used.
The results of analysis showed that the group training of mindfulness-based cognition approach caused female psychology students anger reduction in the experimental group compared to the control group (P It seems that the group training of mindfulness-based cognition approach can reduce anger.

The social capital that means that the people have acquired resources and protections in social relations and bonds has an exclusive importance and is considered as an axial principal. Regarding the importance of the matter, in the present study the relation between social capital and mental health amongst the citizens of Gorgan has been evaluated.
The methodology used in this research is descriptive-analytic with utilization of researcher built questionnaire. Therefore, in order to show the relation between the variables, the SPSS software and statistical tests have been used.
The majority of cases were married (68 percent) and 27.5 percent of bachelor and higher education. The average of dimension of social capital showed that social confidence with higher than average given in the first place and the two components of social interaction and community involvement, with average less than expected in the next stages are important. Finally, according to the F and regression test showed that F is equals the 0.178 and its significant is 95%.
It can be concluded, on the basis of the findings, that different dimensions of social capital are effective on citizen's mental health.

Nowadays, the knowledge and information technology have developed to fill individual’s free-time. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, the students’ performance and the barriers to use IT in the free time for female students of high in Tehran city (2004-2005).
Inthis descriptive study using self-made questionnaire, number of 300 students were cases selected among 124000 via the cluster and stratified sampling method and Morgan table. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics such and SPSS software were used.
The results showed that the majority of the students (84.2%) were less familiar with IT. Most of them had a positive attitude to the technology. There was a negative relationship between their knowledge level and the way of IT usage (R=-0.169) while there was a positive relationship between the knowledge level and the level of their IT usage (R=0.23). Most of them considered lack of motivation, technology limitation and high costs of IT as a barrier of using IT.
It seems that the majority of samples had a low knowledge to use IT and considered its high costs and technology limitations and lack of motivation effective, in low using of this technology.

The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy based on improving depression, mental health and the physically health in hemodialysis patients. An experimental pretest-posttest whit a control group design was used to conduct the study.
The statistical population of the interventional study includes all hemodialysis patients who have referred to the dialysis unit of Bu-Ali hospital in Ardabil in the second half of 2015. The sample the study includes 60 individuals, who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly were assigned to two experimental and control groups. Beck Depression Inventory and SF-36 quality of life was completed by participants before the intervention. Than the experimental group received eight 90 minutes sessions of based on Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy, and the patient in the control group received other training in eight sessions of 90 minutes to control the placebo effect. Statistical methods used for data analysis is multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
The results indicate the significant impact of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy based on the effectiveness of depression and enhanced, mental health and the physically health in experimental group is also significant (P According to the study, the acceptance and commitment therapy based significantly improves depression, mental health and the physically health in hemodialysis patients.

The marital infidelity can be considered as a shocking issue for most couples and families while it is a common phenomenon for marriage and family therapists. Although the relationship with someone other than the partner may be physical or emotional, the ultimate result is that the time spent between one of the couple and someone outside of the marital relationship may be a serious problem for couples.
This is a descriptive survey study where 120 married individuals in different regions of Torbat-Heydarieh were selected using available sampling method. In order to collect data, two questionnaires were used; the attitude towards research questionnaire and the positive feelings toward spouse.
It was found a negative significant relationship at level 0.05 between the education, the familiarity before marriage, the love before marriage and emotional infidelity. The results of the present study suggested that the use of newly emerging media such as satellite television have a significant effect on decreased sexual desire, as well as sexual satisfaction. Therefore, those families that used satellite television more frequently had poor emotional relationship.
It seems that newly emerging media have a negative effect on sexual desire, as well as sexual satisfaction and emotional relationship between couples.

Autism spectrum disorder has tremendous effect on family life. Mothers of children with autism face a lot of challenges. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on psychological distress and negative automatic thoughts of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.
Research method of this clinical trial is pretest-posttest with control group and a one-month follow-up period. The research population included all mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder who came to exceptional centers which are under supervision of welfare. Therefore, one center was identified and 30 mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder were selected through convenience sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group had 15 members). The participants responded to research questionnaires including Deogatis’s (2001) Brief Symptom Inventory and Hollon and Kendall's (1980) Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire before and after the intervention and one month later at follow-up stage. The test group was undergone acceptance and commitment group therapy based on Lylis et al. (2005) treatment package and no intervention took place on the control group during this period. For statistical analysis, statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 was used.
Analysis of covariance of repeated measures showed that there is significant difference between experimental group and control group in mothers’ scores of cognitive distress, frequency and belief to negative automatic thoughts (P According to the research findings, this method can be used to reduce psychological distress and negative automatic thoughts of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

The presented paper was conducted in order to examine the effectiveness of Hemoencephalography (HEG) on pain anxiety and intensity among migraine patients aged 25-55 in Isfahan.
This clinical study research conducted with a control group and one-month follow-up period. The research population included all patients with migraine aged 25-55 years old who referred to treatment centers referred to neurologists’ and psychiatrists’ clinics in Isfahan in the fall of 2015. The accessible sampling method was adopted in a way that 30 migraine patents were selected and they were assigned to experimental (15 participants) and control group (15 participants) according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects answered the pain anxiety inventory and pain intensity inventory before and after the intervention. The experimental group was exposed to Hemoencephalography treatments while the control group received no intervention at all.
Variance analysis results based on repeated measurements showed that the difference in pain anxiety and pain intensity experienced by the experimental and control groups was significant (P According to the research findings, hemoencephalography can be used as a beneficial method for treatment of pain anxiety and pain intensity among migraine patients.

This research is a comparison between ordinary guidance school girl student's emotional learning competency and smart school girl student’s emotional learning in Roudsar in the academic year of 2012-13.
The method of the research was causal- comparative, and the instruments used were; emotional competency questionnaire of Golman (1998). In order to determine the permanency of questionnaire Alpha correlation of Cronbach was used and the number attained, was 0.84. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) was used and to analyze the data the independent t-test was used.
The analysis of the data showed that there is not a meaningful difference between emotional learning competency of the two groups of students in the elements of self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, social awareness, and social skills (P>0.05).
The results showed that there is not a meaningful difference between emotional learning competency of ordinary school girl students and smart school girl students.

The present research studies the effectiveness of mindfulness on motivational structure of girl students in Mashhad, Iran.
This research as quasi-experimental. Statistical population of this study includes all girl high school students in Mashhad, Iran. 42 students were selected in this research by convenience sampling method with having medium up to high IQ criterion with simultaneous establishment of all educational activities. Data about components of motivational structure and amount of mindfulness of participants in two 21-member groups was obtained using Warwick and Edinburgh well-being scale in two stages. The sessions were held as team consultation group with educational approach. Descriptive statistical methods, inferential statistics, and covariance analysis were used.
It is concluded that training mindfulness influences on motivational structure of girl high school students of Mashhad city (P This study showed that training mindfulness skills increases achievement motivation and commitment to goal and reduces prevention and reliance on chance and the perceived duration of reaching goal.

The paper presented aims at studying the relationship between internet addiction and introversion among ninth grade female students of Tabriz, district 3.
The study is correlational and descriptive. The statistical population consisted of ninth grade female students which were studying in the academic year 2015-16 who were enrolled in public high schools in Tabriz district 3. The population size was equal to 2566 female students and the sample size was equal to 349 participants who were selected. The sampling method was based on multistage cluster random sampling; the data collection method was based on work field and utilized Eysenck personality questionnaire (introversion, extroversion) and 20-question internet addiction test by Young (IAT). Data analyzed by SPSS software and according to correlation and regression method.
The findings revealed that the relationship between internet addiction and introversion was significant at 30 percent level of certainty (P The results showed that there is a meaningful relationship between internet addiction and introversion among students.

The purpose of the present study was to study the effect of combination therapy of exposure with prevalent response and children learning behavior on obsessive compulsive symptoms in 4-8 year of children with comorbidity of oppositional deficit disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder.
In this research, among 4-8 year of children of Khansar city, 3 children, a 7.5 year old girl, and 2 boys of 6 and 7 years of that had the symptoms of comorbidity of oppositional deficit disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder and according to DSM-5, Yale Brown obsessive compulsive scale and SNAP-IV test were selected by convenience sampling method and were studied by using these questionnaires. To analyze the data, descriptive data like mean, median, determination of PND percent (non-overlapping data) and POD percent (overlapping data) were used.
With the study of the obtained mean and median and comparing them in 3 situations of baseline, intervention and follow up and the calculation of PND (80%) and POD (20%) in intervention and follow up situations, it was found that the combination therapy of exposure with prevalent response and parent learning behavior have had an effect on the reduction of obsessive compulsive symptoms in all 3 studied children with comorbidity of oppositional deficit disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder.
Thus, it can be concluded that the combination therapy of exposure with prevalent response and parent learning behavior affects the reduction of obsessive compulsive symptoms in 4-8 year of children with comorbidity of oppositional deficit disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. Thus, this kind of therapy can be suggested to psychologists, counselors and other therapists.

This study investigates the relationship between anxiety and the depression by the mediation of referential thinking and perfectionism.
In this study, 240 female students in secondary high schools were selected through multi-stage sampling procedure. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (1996) Anxiety scale Spitzer and colleagues (2006) and the referential thinking scale, Erring and colleagues (2010) multidimensional perfectionism scale Felt and Hewitt (1991). The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
The results showed that there is no significant direct relationship between anxiety and depression, instead, their indirect relationship with the mediation of referential thinking and dimensions of perfectionism at 0.01 was significant. Referential thinking also showed a significant effect on depression at 0.01. Among dimensions of perfectionism, social-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism positively and at a significant level of 0.01 and self-oriented perfectionism negatively at a significant level of 0.01 affect depression.
The results showed that other-oriented perfectionism and social-oriented perfectionism and referential thinking mediate the relationship between anxiety and the depression. In total, according to data, we can conclude that by controlling the referential thinking and modifying unhealthy dimensions of perfectionism into healthy and efficient ones, it can be prevented from converting depressive disorder into generalized anxiety disorder.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotion regulation and quality of life in twin adolescents and young adults.
The population of the study population includes all twins and more twins a boy and girl who are twins aged 30-15 years, a member of the cooperative that 260 of them were chosen method available. Data were collected by questionnaires difficulties in emotion regulation, and the SF36 quality of life. Pearson correlation test was used to test the hypotheses.
Results revealed that the difficulty in regulating emotions such as denial of emotional responses (r= -0.212), difficulty handling purposeful behavior (r= -0.304), lack of emotional awareness (r= -0.466), limited access to guidelines set up emotional (r= -0.453) and lack of emotional clarity (r= -0.600) and significant negative correlation with quality of life score. The increasing difficulty with emotional regulation for listed dimensions has been reduced quality of life or the quality of life increases with increasing emotion regulation skills.
The results of this research to inform parents of how emotional regulation skills on quality of life multiples can have good effects and training in emotional self-regulation of multiple correct. It is recommended training classes and workshops for parents and twin sons held a few in the field of emotion regulation skills.

The studies showed that one of the factors which diminishes love gradually between couples - sometimes completely obliterates, and provides causes of mental and psychological problems, cold and indifferent relationships resulting ultimately in ending relationships-is couple burnout. Couple burnout is associated closely with people’s relationship beliefs that reveal the need for early interventions. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of transactional analysis group therapy on relationship belief and couples burnout in married male students.
This study was a clinical trial with pretest-posttest design. For this purpose, using available sampling method, 24 students who referred to university counseling office from October to June 2015 – 2016 were selected voluntarily among married male students of humanities in Islamic Azad university, Quchan branch. They were then assigned to an experimental and a control group. Epstein and Eidelson's Relationship Belief Inventory (RBI), and couple burnout measure were taken from both groups as pre-test. The control group then participated in ten sessions of group therapy workshop based on transactional analysis. Two weeks after completing the sessions, they were evaluated again using the same questionnaires.
The findings showed that transactional analysis group therapy was effective on subscales of beliefs; disagreement is destructive (P=0.04), spouse's lack of adjustability (P=0.04), sexual perfectionism (P=0.04) and irrational relationship beliefs (P=0.04). No significant effect was seen on subscales of belief in gender differences (P=0.48) and mind reading expectation (P=0.65). Furthermore, transactional analysis group therapy on marital burnout (P=0.02) appeared to be effective.
The results revealed that transactional analysis group therapy was effective on relationship beliefs and couples burnout in married male students.

The present study aimed at examining the relationship between identity styles and marital satisfaction of spouses in Tehran.
The descriptive-correlational method was used. The population included all spouses in Tehran in 2015. Form among the population, a sample of 150 individuals (75 men and 75 women) were selected through cluster sampling. To measure the variables under study, ENRICH marital satisfaction scale as well as Berzonsky’s identity style scale were used.
The results indicated that only the correlation coefficient of commitment in processed identity and marital satisfaction is significant at the 99% confidence level (r= 0.34).
The results revealed that higher the commitment of the spouses in processed identity, the more they will bee satisfied with their marriage.

Most organizations emphasize the importance of employees as their most important asset. The development of psychology in the recent years especially in the fields of health, morality and job satisfaction has had an important and effective role.
The present study was designed and performed with the aim of studying the relationship between moral intelligence and job satisfaction with mental health among the accountants of Khorasan Razavi’s companies. The statistical population of the present study includes 251 subjects. The size of the statistical sample was estimated 151 subjects according to Cochran’s formula. Random sampling method is used. Data collection tool of the present study is questionnaire. Spiritual intelligence, job satisfaction and general health questionnaires were distributed among the participants. To test the research hypotheses, the r Pearson and multivariate regression tests were used.
The study results at 1% error level show that moral intelligence had no effect on mental health but job satisfaction was effective in determining the mental health. Also, the study results show that there is no significant relationship between moral intelligence, mental health and job satisfaction but there is a significant relationship between moral intelligence and job satisfaction and also between mental health and job satisfaction.
According to the study results, it can be concluded that job satisfaction improves mental health in accountants and financial managers.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based group therapy with maintenance treatment in reducing precarious behaviors and explosive anger in opiate abusers.
This was a clinical trial study conducted on 57 patient diagnosed with substance abuse were assigned randomly into the experimental group (mindfulness-based group therapy and common group therapy such as methadone therapy) and control group (camp group). The experimental group received treatment for 8 sessions. The participants were examined using structured interviews and Barratt Impulsiveness inventory (BIS). The results were analyzed using repeated measures variance analysis (ANOVA) and SPSS-19.
The results showed that although both mindfulness-based group therapy intervention and common therapy caused the decreased precarious behaviors and impulsiveness behaviors in opiate abusers, the mindfulness-based group therapy intervention was more effective and significantly contributed to the increased mental health after opioid withdrawal for substance abusers. In addition, the results showed that the treatment impact was so significant in the follow-up period.
The results revealed that the mindfulness-based group therapy was effective compared to the maintenance treatment in reducing precarious behaviors and explosive anger in opiate abusers.

Mindfulness, a concept influenced by the Buddhist thinking, has attracted the attention of psychologists, psychotherapists, and researchers in the recent years. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are regarded as one of the third generation or third wave cognitive-behavioral therapies. Many research studies have examined factors related to this variable. The present study aims to examine the relationship of mindfulness to resilience in university students.
The research method used in this study was of descriptive-correlational type. The sample consisting of 357 students (203 girls and 154 boys), who were selected from the Faculty of Humanities, the Faculty of Engineering, and Pardis Faculty of the University of Kashan, studying in the year 2016, was taken based on the stratified sampling method in proportion to the size of the strata, For data gathering purposes, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and the Five Factor Mindfulness questionnaire (Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, and Toney, 2006) were used. The obtained alpha coefficient values for variables mindfulness and resilience were 0.733 and 0.856, respectively, and those for the components of mindfulness-observing, describing, acting with awareness, accepting without judging of the inner experience, and non-reactivity to the inner experience- were 0.726, 0.667, 0.802, 0.724, and 0.623, respectively. For data analysis, the Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was used with SPSS.
There was a significant relationship between mindfulness and resilience among students, as agreed by other similar research (P According to the results of the study, it is suggested that cultural, higher education, and other educational planning authorities throughout the country pay more attention to the improvement of mindfulness and resilience in university students and provide training in this area.