فصلنامه آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 47، پاییز 1397)

According to various effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotic on production and growth of broiler chicks which was reported, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotics and prebiotics and a mixture of them, on antioxidant levels and lipid peroxidation index in the blood of Japanese quail. Thus, 192day- old- Japanese quail were distributed randomly to 4 groups with 4 replicates of 12male and female and evaluated for 42days. The control group only received basal diet, but the 2nd group (probiotic group) active saccharomyces cerevisiae 1 gr/Kg of feed, in 3rd group (prebiotic group) inactivated saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.5gr/Kg-feed of feed, and in 4th group (synbiotic group) 0.5 gr/Kg saccharomyces cerevisiae and 250mg/Kg-feed inactivated saccharomyces cerevisiae was added to basal diet. Results indicated mean serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) was different statistically in males of group (p<0.05). Also the MDA levels was highest in 4th group and was different statistically in comparison to 3rd group (prebiotic) that have lowest MDA (p<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plasma was not different statistically in studied groups (p>0.05). On the other hand, Feed consumption and body weight mean in 2nd and 3rd groups was increased in compare to control group and and FCR was decreased significantly in comparison to control and synbiotic group. The best carcass efficiency was in prebiotic group. The results showed used probiotic and prebiotic was effective in performance of Japanese quails, but has not any specified effects on serum-MDA and plasma-TCA.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids are used to stimulate appetite, muscle growth, and increase the production of red blood cells. The aim of the present survey was comparison between the effect of stanozolol and nandrolone decanoate hormones on serum concentration of erythropoeitin and testosterone, probable side effects on liver and body weight changes in cat. For this purpose, ten healthy male cats were divided into two equal groups. Group A included of five cats that stanozolol (25 mg/cat IM) was injected once weekly for six weeks. Group B included of five cats that nandrolone decanoate was injected at a dose of 1 mg/kg IM once weekly for six weeks. Blood samples were collected five times on days zero, 3, 14, 28 and 42, for measurement of testosterone and erythropoietin. Both stanozolol and nandrolone decanoate showed effective function in increasing of serum concentration of erythropoeitin and testosterone, but effect of stanozolol was more than nandrolone decanoate in increasing of hormone levels. A significant difference (p>0.001) was seen between groups A and B, at days 14, 28 and 42 in increasing of erythropoeitin and at days 3, 14, 28 and 42 in increasing of testosterone. Both drugs had not hepatotoxic effect, as well as, in comparison between the effect of both hormones in increasing of body weight, stanozolol was more effective than nandrolone decanoate (p<0.001). The results showed that although both hormones had effective function in increasing of erythropoietin, testosterone, and body weight in cats, but stanozolol was more effective than nandrolone decanoate.

Low pregnancy rate is one of the important problems in livestock. Therefore managing the process of reproduction in animals by using synthetic hormones and synchronizing increase the pregnancy rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GnRH on days 10, 11, and 12 after artificial insemination on pregnancy rate of Makui sheep breed. For this propose, 226 ewes were synchronized estrus by using CIDR. After removing CIDR, all ewes were received 400 IU PMSG. After two days, all heat ewes were artificially inseminated with fresh sperms. Ewes were divided into three groups. The control group did not received any hormone. The second group had subgroups D, E and F, that received 20 µg GnRH on days 10, 11, and 12 after AI, respectively. Finally, group G was received 40 µg GnRH on day 12 after AI. Blood samples were collected two days after GnRH injection by using vacuum tubes. The sera concentrations of glucose, urea, total protein, phosphorus, and progesterone were measured. To analyze the dependent and discrete variables, GLM and FREQ procedure of SAS software were used, respectively. The achieved results showed that the effect of GnRH on plasma concentration of progesterone was significant (p<0.01). There was a significant difference in pregnancy rate between third group with others groups (p<0.01). The maximum rate of pregnancy was related to the third group. It be concluded that, injection of 40 µg GnRH hormone on the day 12 after insemination improves pregnancy rate.

Estrogen depletion in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animals causes abnormalities in lipid metabolism, weight gain and fat accumulation in nonadipose tissues such as liver. Estrogen replacement therapy may causes side effects include breast cancer. Olive leaf is a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds. They have better antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging. Porpose of this study is evaluation of OLE effects on liver enzymes, lipid profile level of serum and atherogenic index following ovariectomy.
In this experimental-intervention study 21 male rats were allocated randomly into 3 groups:1) Control (intact animals) ,2) Ovariectomized:OVX( ovaries removed by surgery) and 3)Treated group (OVX+received Olive leaf Extract). The animals of Treated group received 100 mg/kg olive leaf extract in0.5 ml drinking water using gavages for 8weekes. At the end of the treatment, levels of liver enzymes, lipid and lipoproteins were measured in serum with commercial kits.
Ovariectomy increase body weight in OVX group significantly than control group (p˂0.05). Also, Ovariectomy increased significantly liver enzymes, lipid and lipoproteins in OVX group than control group (p˂0.05).
This study showed that oral administration 100 mg/kg/day of OLE 8weekes can prevent increase of lipid profile, liver enzymes and antiatherogenic index in serum of ovariectomized rats

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the probiotic effects of different concentrations of four selected native Lactobacillus strains on intestine morphology of female Japanese quails. To do this, the farm trial was performed in the format of complete randomized design through 4 replicates of 7 different probiotic treatments, with each replicate consisting of 20 quails, resulting in a total of 560 quails, for five weeks. Treatments were as follows: T1: control (basal diet); T2: Primalac; T3: Protexin; and T4, T5, T6, and T7: four native strains in levels 50, 100, 150, and 200 g/ton diet, respectively. The greatest villus height in the duodenum was related to treatment with native probiotic 150 g/ton and the greatest of villus height in jejunum and ileum was related to treatment with native probiotic 50 g/ton and 150 g/ton, respectively. The greatest and lowest villus height to the crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and ileum was found in the diet white native probiotic 150 g/ton and control treatment respectively. The greatest and lowest villus height to the crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was found in the diets with native probiotics (50 g/ton, 150 g/ton) and control treatment, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that the use of the native Lactobacillus strains (150 g/ton diet) enhanced the villus height, villus height to the crypt depth ratio and improve the production performance of Japanese quails. The results indicated that the mixture of four Lactobacillus strains had a probiotic potential on Japanese quail

Mycoplasma bovis is the major cause of mycoplasmosis in cattle and one of the main causes of pneumonia, mastitis and arthritis in cattle. The aim of this study was to identify the M.bovis in cows with clinical mastitis signs using culture and PCR based on 16SrRNA and uvrC gene. A total of 328 milk samples were obtained from cattle with clinical mastitis in industrial dairy herds. Samples were sent to the to the Mycoplasma reference laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute at 4°C in less than 24 hours and incubated for 18-24 hours at 37°C. This media after filtering, incubated at Co2 and were monitored for 3-7 days. The DNA of the samples was extracted and purified by Phenol-Chloroform method and PCR was used to detect mycoplasma genus based on 16SrRNA and detection of M.bovis species based on uvrC genes. Out of 328 samples, 58 samples were positive in PPLO agar media. Ninty-seven samples (29.57%) were positive for mycoplasma gene, of which 14 samples (4.26%) showed specific gene of M.bovis. The results of this study introduced the PCR method as a rapid and reliable test for the detection of M.bovis in milk specimens. The results also showed that the presence of M.bovis in dairy herds in Iran is high and it can be considered as one of the main causes of the clinical manifestation of cattle mastitis.

This study was conducted to compare the clinical and pathological effects of ketoprofen with midazolam as premedication in pigeons. For this purpose, twenty four male adult pigeons with the mean age of two years and weight of 300 gm, were randomly divided into four groups with six individuals per group. Group I was the control group, in which the pigeons were given an intramuscular (IM) injection of ketamine 40 mg/kg body weight. Group II was injected with ketoprofen alone. each pigeon in group III was given an IM injection of ketoprofen at 50 mg/kg body weight and ketamine at 40 mg/kg body weight within 5 min following the first injection. Each pigeon in group IV was given an IM injection of midazolam at 6 mg/kg body weight and ketamine at 40 mg/kg body weight within 5 min following the first injection. Also,. In order to determine the depth of anesthesia in each group and within 5 min from the last injection, various clinical reflexes were evaluated on the body of each pigeon. Also, postmortem examinations were performed to assess in the liver, kidney, Pancreas, Spleen and brain tissues. The results of clinical evaluation in four groups showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the various clinical reflexes between group III, compared with groups I and II and IV.. Based on these result it seems that ketoprofen plus ketamine could be used as a suitable combination for anesthesia of pigeon.

Cataract may develop due to several causes with various size and shape and in different parts of the lens. Because no effective medical treatment has been confirmed for this disease, surgery by using different techniques is the only option for treatment. Phacoemulsification is one of the available techniques. This study is a report of cataract surgical treatment by phacoemulsification technique in dogs and cats in Iran. After diagnosis of cataract and proper case selection, lens extraction was performed by phacoemulsification in 13 dogs and 4 cats (19 eyes) and post-operative complications were evaluated. Patient vision was assessed by walking pattern but the predominant vision criterion and probable increase in quality of life was owner declaration. Uveitis and traumatic posterior capsule fibrosis were the most prevalent post-operative complications. 3 dogs developed keratitis, one showed glaucoma and another one corneal edema. PLR reflex was negative only in 3 dogs and one cat postoperatively and there was no vision improvement according to owner declaration. Generally, the prognosis of phacoemulsification was better in younger patients with milder progression of cataract and it increased quality of life because waiting until the cataract reaches advanced stages of maturity and development of lens induced uveitis affects the prognosis of surgery.