نشریه پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 44، پاییز 1397)

Inroduction & Objective: Retinoic acid is recognized as regulators of the growth and cell differentiation and is necessary for normal reproductive in male and female. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of retinoic acid on the Ovaries and Oviduct Tissue in Female adult BALB/c mice In this study after determination the appropriate dose of retinoic acid, it was injected intraperitoneally (IP) for 30 days On 75 adult BALB/c mice with doses of 15 (Group I), 25 (Group II), and 35mg/kg.b.w (Group III) , control group( non- injection) and sham (distilled water injection). ANOVA analysis and Duncan test was used to compare the means with significant level (P˂0.05) and (P˂0.001). During macroscopic examination, significant weight decrease was observed in all three doses (P <0.001) and in microscopic studies, reduction of small and large diameter , number of graph follicles and corpus luteum were observed (P <0.05), (P <0.001).While increasing the number of degenerative follicles and damaged zona pellucidas were significant (P <0.05), (P <0.001) , and reduction in oviduct diameter was significantly higher than the control group, of course, this reduction was not significant. It can generally be concluded that retinoic acid has a deleterious effect on Ovarian and Oviduct Tissue of mice.

Inroduction & Objective: Breeding carp species included common carp, grass carp or amor, silver carp or phytophagus and bighead.This study has been doneonimpact of button mushroom compost as an alternative and fertilizer on tissues structure of four cultured warm water species. Material and For this purpose juveniles a month with an average weight of 69.60 ± 1.28g for two months in six pool werefed with button mushroom compost and fertilizers in warm water fish culture at Shahid Ahmadian Khorramshahr. During breeding,treatment groups and control were fed by button mushroom compost and chemical fertilizer. At the end of the stipulated time and biometrics,5 millimeter tissue samples removed from primary, middle and end part of the intestine.Then rutine procedure of tissue preparation was done and sections staining with (H & E), studied by light microscope equipped with Dinolite lens. The results indicated an increase in the number of mucus cells in common carp and silver carp in the treatment group, an increase in the thickness of epithelium in the bighead in the control group, an increase in muscle layer thickness in grass carp and silver carp in the control group and an increase in the length of villi in bighead and silver carp in the treatment group with compost(p≤ 0.05). Therefore, it can be reported that in the recent study, the use of compost, has a positive effect on various parts of the intestinal in most cultured warm water species, because the compounds in it make the food easy to get in the species has been studied.For this purpose, compost can be used as a suitable alternative for enrichment in cultured warm water species.

Inroduction & Objective: Nonpathogenic lactic acid bacteria have important role on intestinal microbial flora of animal host and they improve performance of fish by influencing gastrointestinal tract, reducing pH and improving immunity. An experiment was designed to study the physiological effects of Pediococcus acidilactici feeding on rainbow trout. Material and Methods: The ninety six rainbow trout with 60 g initial body weight were randomly assigned to six polyethylene tanks and fed by control or experimental diet which was contain 109 CFU.Kg1Pediococcus acidilacticifor 8 weeks feeding trials at three times daily feeding rate. The growth performance, final body weight, efficiency of carcass and liver, hematology and blood parameters and intestinal morphology of fish were evaluated at end of experiment. The body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, final body weight, condition factor, efficiency of carcass and liver weren’t affected by the dietary supplementation ofPediococcus acidilactici, as probiotic, .but significantly reduced mortality of fish (p<0.05).The number of white blood cells, percent of neutrophils and also width of intestinal villus increased by feedingPediococcus acidilactici. The supplementation ofPediococcus acidilactici to fish diets improved immunity and reduced mortality of grower rainbow trout.

Inroduction & Objective: Due to the side effects of chemical drugs, in recent years, the use of herbal medicines and their compounds in fish has been widely considered. In the present study anesthetic effects of eugenol has been studied in fingerling and broodstock Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus). Material and Methods: In this regard, 100 fingerling with average weight of 10.4 ± 3.1 g and 75 broodstock Caspian roach with average weight of 60.5 ± 4.4 g prepared. After adaptation anaesthetic and recovery status were evaluated for each group of the fingerlings and broodstock in concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 ppm of eugenol. To evaluate the side effects of this drug, gill and kidney histology analysis were performed in the fish that anesthetized with 100 ppm of eugenol. Result showed eugenol in concentrations of 40 – 100 mg/l can induce anesthesia in less than 3 minutes in broodstocks. On the other hand, fingerlings fish were anesthetized in less than 3 minutes in all concentrations of 10 – 100 mg/l eugenol. For all studied concentrations of eugenol the recovery times were recorded in both fingerlings and broodstocks fish less than 5 minutes. In histological analysis of fingerlings fish that anesthetized with 100 mg/l of eugenol, epithelial lifting of secondary lamella in gill was recorded, also no histopathologic abnormality was observed in kidney tissue. Based on this study, eugenol can be used as a safe anesthetic drug in concentrations of 40 to 100 ppm in the Caspian fish.

Inroduction & Objective: Fluoxetine is a selective inhibitor of serotonin reabsorption (SSRI), and is used as the first-line drug against depression and many other mental-psychological disorders. It induces impairment in the levels of hepatic enzymes as well as histological damages. In the present study, the protective effects of spinach hydro-alcoholic extract on hepatic histology and functions were investigated following administration of fluoxetine to adult male rats. Material and Methods: 50 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided in 5 groups: (1) the control group left untreated, the positive control receiving 120mg/kg bw fluoxetine, The negative control receiving 200 mg/kg bw spinach extract and the experimental groups 1 and 2 first received 100 and 200 mg/kg spinach extract respectively, and then 120 mg/kg bw Fluoxetine for 21 days. At the end of this period, animals were weighed and blood samples were taken from their hearts. These samples were used for measurement of serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total protein, albumin and total bilirubin. At the end of the test, remove the liver completely in the abdominal cavity. After weighing the liver, place it in a container containing 10% formalin until the specimens are fixed and ready to be crossed. In comparison to the control and the negative control, serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and total bilirubin showed a significant increase in the positive control group receiving fluoxetine alone. Also, animals of positive control showed a decrease in serum levels of albumin and total protein. Consumption of spinach extract alone had no significant effect on the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin, albumin, total protein relative to the control group, While consumption of this extract in experimental groups 1 and 2 reduced hepatic toxicity induced by fluoxetine (p < 0.05) Compared to control and control groups, the fluoxetine recipient alone caused cellular damage in the liver tissue. The consumption of spinach extract alone did not significantly alter the liver tissue compared to the control group, while the extract recipient groups reduced fluconazole-induced liver toxicity . According to the results, spinach extract has a considerable protective effects against fluoxetine side effects on the liver, and can improve, hepatic functions and liver tissue damages.

Inroduction & Objective: MS is an autoimmune disease that has a high prevalence in young people. Portulaca oleracea has useful materials such as mineral, organic acids, neurotransmitters, and antiinflammatory and antioxidant compounds. Therefore, in this study the protective effect Portulaca on inflammatory markers in rats with MS were studied. Material and Method: In this study of 18 female rats Lewis (180-200gr) was used. EAE was induced in 12 of them. Purslane extract at a dose 400mg/kg via the intraperitoneal was used for treatment. Serum levels of Nitrate, TNF-a and CRP were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA.  In the group treated with the extract of purslane, Serum levels of Nitrate, TNF-a, CRP and Hepatic enzymes were reduced(P˂0.05). According to inflammatory properties of purslane, treatment Rats with EAE ,Can reduce inflammatory markers.

Inroduction & Objective: Vitamins are organic compounds, which are vital for fish, and their shortages lead to severe disorders in the body of the fish, and since fish only absorb vitamins through food, this study examines the effects of different levels of vitamins C and E on blood and immunity factors of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The present study was carried out with 9 diets containing 0, 200 and 400 mg / kg of vitamin C and 0, 200 and 400 mg / kg of vitamin E for 6 weeks. At the end of the blood sampling from fish blood stem vein removal was performed and blood, enzyme and immune factors were measured in a hematologic laboratory. Blood analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil, MCH and MCV (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in MCHC between the groups (P> 0.05). By adding vitamins C and E, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase decreased, and the activity of lysozyme, ACH50, and IGM increased. The results of this study showed that in most of the indices, 400 mg / kg of vitamin C and E supplementation improves performance. Adding different amounts of vitamins C and E will increase blood factors and improve immune function.

Inroduction & Objective: Prebiotic and non-digestible food components which selectively stimulate the growth and enable one or a number of bacteria in the gut, beneficial effects on the host and can improve the health of the host. To assess the toxicity of environmental pollutants in fish are different physiological parameters, including histologic. Material and Method: In this study, 147 pieces of common carp were stormed at aquarium for about two weeks to adapt to environmental conditions. LC50 / 96h was calculated as 1.234 mg/l and on the basis of that, three lethal concentration 2ppm, 3ppm, 6ppm were considered for this review. Added prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharides in food took placed with spray method as 1 g/kg. During the period under prebiotics affect fish and poison fish by 220 mg/l of solution anesthetic clove quickly lost consciousness and liver and gills was removed for histological studies. The results showed that the probiotic treatments were exposed to poison abamectin led some lesions such as destruction of liver cells, Ascites, hemorrhage, necrosis and nuclear Karyolysis in the liver and symptoms of early blade hyperplasia, hemorrhage, necrosis, secondary blade attachment, the gill tissue was observed that the effect of the concentration 6ppm, 3ppm and 2ppm most severe effects on the liver, gills and intestines showed. Conclussion: Isomalto-oligosaccharides probiotics could result in conditions of tissue damage in the liver of toxins Abamectin, reduce the gills and intestines carp fish.