مجله روانشناسی ورزش
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1392)

as an individual limitation, visual disorder can cause a lack of adequate visual perception and affect on all aspects of child development. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a development appropriate program -based on Gallahue model- on locomotor movement skills in boys with low vision. The population has been consisted of all preschool boys with low vision in the course of preparation in Karaj city at 2013, 2014. Due to the low volume, using available sampling 30 children with low vision were selected. After ullrich2000 pretest, they were randomly classified in two groups of development appropriate program and daily routine activities. The first group participated for 8 weeks- 3 sessions in each week which each lasted 45 minutes- in special exercises of movement skills based on Gallahue model including pre-control, control, application, and efficiency. The second group performed their own daily activities in this period. the results of the covariance analysis (ANCOVA) showed that there is significant difference between the mean of subjects’ displacement scores in terms of group membership (P<0.01). The rate of this effect for the displacement skills development in development appropriate program group was 0.41. by increasing the levels of motivation and enjoyment of physical activity, the purposeful movements and specialized training related to basic skills develop children. This will lead to their participation in organized sports activities in the future.

the purpose of this study was investigating the relationship between spiritual intelligence and Resilience among male teen soccer players. Present study is a descriptive practical study. Statistical community are male soccer players aged 14 to 17 years old (mean age= 15.32) selected with convenience sampling among Mes-e-Kerman, Mes-e-Rafsanjan, Fajr-e-Sepasi, Foolad-e-Khoozestan and Esteghlal-e-Ahwaz. Measurement tools were King Spiritual Intelligence Scale (2008) and ConnorDavidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC, 2003). For data analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple regression techniques (enter method) were used at the same times. the results indicated that Spiritual Intelligence and its subscales (critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, transcendent awareness, and conscious state expansion) had positive and significant relation with Resilience. Spiritual intelligence subscales predicted 0.24 of Resilience`s variance. these findings refer this matter that athletes who have a high level of spiritual intelligence, show greater resiliency in difficult conditions.

Purpose of this research was validation and reliability determining of Persian translated version of "Self-efficacy for Exercise Scale" in Esfahan's older adults. For this purpose, 300 men and women older adults from Esfahan were selected availably. Data was collected with the demographic questionnaire and Persian translated version of "Self-efficacy for Exercise Scale". Data was analyzed with mean and SD, Pearson correlation coefficient, and exploratory factor analysis and with SPSS-16 software. Results of exploratory factor analysis resulted in one factor with eigenvalue above 1 that explained 53% of total variance and the factor named "Persian Version of Self-efficacy for Exercise Scale". Internal reliability for items was between 0.89 to 0.91, and .88 for total Scale. Test-retest reliability calculated with Pearson correlation coefficient with 2 weeks interval resulted in correlations between 0.77 to 0.92 for items and 0.92 for total Scale. The results confirmed validity and reliability of the "Persian Version of Self-efficacy for Exercise Scale" in older adults. This questionnaire can be used for research and educational purposes.

One of the most important factors for getting success in professional sports is decision making that can be affected by different factors. The present study investigated the effect of different ball spins on decision performance in experienced table tennis players. Fifteen players were randomly selected from the experienced table tennis players in Boushehr Province. The test comprised of two levels of simple and complex decision making and also different spins included simple, under, right and left spin. ANOVA with repeated measures (2×4) and Bonferroni post hoc test were used for main effects (=0.05). One way ANOVA and paired samples t-test were used to investigate the partial effects (Adjusted =0.008). The results showed that the main effect of decision complexity was significant so that the performance of simple decision was significantly better than the complex decision. There was also a significant main effect of spin, so that the under spin was lowest and simple spin was highest mean of decision performance. The interaction effect of decision complexity and spin was not significant. Discussion and According to the study, it seemed that Henin performance favored areas hypothesis is better able to explain the relationship between decision complexity and spin, both compared with the two types of decisions and also four types of spin. Players will also recommend to use the service with under spin.

The purpose of this study was the comparison between the brain thinking styles in team and individual sports athletes through the study of brain quadrants dominance. This study was causalcomparative research. Static society of research (198 individuals) consists of all members in athletic teams of Mashhad universities (i.e.: Ferdowsi university, Azad university and university of medical science). All of them have been selected as statically samples that 167 athletes with an average age of 21.3 (81 team sports athletes and 86 individual sports athletes) participated in the study. Collecting data was done through Herman Brain Dominance questionnaire. For data analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, T-test and Friedman test was used. Editing and data analysis was performed using by software SPSS19 and EXCEL. The results indicates that there is an expressive difference between B brain quadrant of the team and individual sports athletes (P=0.004) and also between the C brain quadrant of them sports athletes (P=0.003) in the way that individual athletics gain higher score in B quadrant and team athletics gain higher score in C quadrant. Also the results have shown that priority use of four brain quadrants of the team (P=0.012) and individual (P=0.043) sports athletes were significant. so that the team sports athletes have interpersonal and social thinking while the individual sports athletes have organized thinking style.

The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between personality characteristics of coaches and coach-player relationships from the view point of coaches in premier league of Iran. In order to this aim 64 head coaches and coaches of Persian Gulf premier league were selected by convenience and available sampling method. The present study is descriptive, correlational survey. Personality characteristics of coaches standard test with four subscales of perfectionism, narcissism, self-efficacy and self-esteem was used in order to measure the personality characteristics of coaches, and leader-follower relationship standard questionnaire was used for assessing coach-player relationship. Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaires was calculated respectively 766% and 802%. Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used for determining the normality of population and based on that, appropriate parametric or nonparametric tests such as T test, Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression were used by SPSS19 software. The main assumption of research was confirmed with 99% confidence level and it was determined that there was a significant relationship between perfectionism, narcissism, self-efficacy and self-esteem and coach-player relationship. Also a multiple relationship was determined between perfectionism, narcissism, self-efficacy and self-esteem and coach-player relationship by Multiple Regression. At the end it was determined that among four variables, self-esteem was the most effective factor on coach-player relationship, and perfectionism had been the least effect.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neurofeedback training on dart throwing performance and retention skill. The method of the research quasi- experimental design by using control and experimental group. Among the volunteers, 16 individuals were selected by simple random sampling and equally divided into two groups. Neurofeedback training carried out for 15 sessions, three times per week. Nerofeedback training group protocols was alpha/theta training in Pz area and SMR / theta protocol in the C3 area. Data were collected from the pre-test and post-test and retention (of task performance measures, including 10 throwing darts). Cohen's d statistic methods and single subject analysis were used to analyze the data. The results illustrated that training of brain waves alpha/theta and SMR/theta enhances performance and learning skills in novices. Thus these waves can be used to enhance athletic performance and enhance attention and their concentration. Neurofeedback has a potential to retraining the brain waves activities to boost optimal performance of athletes in various sports disciplines. Moreover, training with alpha/theta and theta/SMR protocol can improve athletes’ performance in sports requiring high accuracy like throwing darts.