مجله روانشناسی ورزش
سال یکم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1395)

Impairment in social communication and interaction is one of the most obvious signs of autism spectrum disorders. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of ball (Jim Ball) exercises on the ability of social interaction and communication in children with autism spectrum disorders. 16 children with autism spectrum disorders selected through purposeful sampling were randomly assigned into two groups of 8 subjects. Ball exercises intervention were used for 24 sessions (8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each session lasting 35 minutes) in the experimental group. Ability to communicate and interact socially were evaluated by Gilliam Rating Scale - Second Edition (GARS-SE) in the pre and post-test phases. While Co-variance analyses showed a significant difference in social interaction between the two groups (p≤0.05), the difference in the social relationship was not significant (p≥0.05). The results showed that ball exercises can be used as a supplement in conjunction with other treatments to improve social interactions. However, the effectiveness of this intervention is different dependent on the features like the level of cognitive function, attention and cooperation.

The purpose of this study was the role of Model psychological effect on personality traits and strategic thinking skills of Sport Managers. The method of the research was descriptive correlational. The statistical population included all the managers of Isfahan's sports organizations (n=450). 207 participants were selected through random stratified sampling as the research sample. Strategic thinking questionnaire of Liedtka (1998) and personality traits of Caerry and Costa (1996) and a researcher –made psychological skills questionnaire that was confirmed in test validity, content validity and reliability (α= 0.91, 0.87, 0.85) were used in order to collect the data. For analyzing the data, regression and path analyses were used. In addition to the fitness of the model, the findings showed that psychological skills affect personality traits and strategic thinking and components of personality traits including extraversion, loyalty, adaptability and openness to social acceptance affect strategic thinking in sport managers (RMSEA=0.055, GFI=0.9, AGFI=0.9). According to different models and theories of strategic thinking, it can be stated generally that a part of strategic thinking of sport managers is dependent on the personality traits and psychological skills, Therefore, these factors should be improved in managers so that the maximum effectiveness of organizations can be reached

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of "The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ)" in young athletes. In this descriptive survey study, 255 athletes of four men clubs and three women clubs located in Jahrom city were selected. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated two factors of task and ego orientations. Reliability coefficients indicated that the questionnaire possessed acceptable internal consistency of Cronbach’s alpha (0.55 in men and 0.72 in women), and split-half reliability (0.46 in men and 0.59 in women). TEOSQ has proper normative data and psychometric properties to survey motivational orientation or goal perspective of young athletes.

The present study aimed to investigate sport achievement in contact and non-contact sports with regards to sport stress coping styles in a sample of Iranian athletes. Mehtods: Method of this descriptive study was correlational and the statistical society included all contact and non-contact athletes in student and national competitive levels. 181 volunteer athletes (81 atheletes of contact sports, 100 atheletes of non-contact sports) in different fields of sport participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete Sport Coping Styles Scale (SCSS) and Sport Achievement Scale (SAS). Analysis of the data was done using correlation coefficient and analysis of regression in SPSS 16. Approach and avoidant coping styles had negative and positive association with sport achievement in both contact and non-contact sports, respectively. Sport achievement was predicted by approach coping style in both contact and non-contact sports. In non-contact sports, however, sport achievement was predicted only by avoidant coping style. On the basis of the results, it can be concluded that sport achievement can be predicted by approach and avoidant coping styles in different ways; in contact sports, the probaility of sport achievement would be reduced by approach coping style, while in non-contact sports, the probability of sport achievement would be increased by avoidant coping style.

The aim of this study was to investigate- the relationship between Premier League players' locus of control and motivation using the Alderfer motivational model (Existence, Relatedness, Growth). The sample included 293 primer league players. The scale of locus of control and Alderfer's needs questionnaire were used to assess the locus of control and motivational factors, respectively. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation test, simple and multiple linear regression tests in SPSS 19. According to the results, there was a significant positive correlation between internal locus of control and dependency needs (r=0.561; P<0.0001), and growth needs (r=0.661; P<0.0001), and also external locus of control with dependency needs (r=0.551; P<0.0001), and growth needs (r=0.596; P<0.0001). Regression models showed that locus of control has a significant ability to predict players' motivation (Beta= 0.397). The results suggested a significant effect of both internal and external locus of control on dependency and growth needs. Thus, self-consciousness related to this personality trait is very important for football players.

The present study has been conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between physical self-efficacy and goal orientation with physical activity enjoyment in adolescents.

Participants in this study were 584 adolescent girls and boys (aged 15 on average) from Tehran, Isfahan and Ghazvin provinces. Measurement tools for the study included Dykeman's physical Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Duda's task and ego orientation Questionnaire and Motl's Questionnaire of Physical Activity Enjoyment. Questionnaires were completed between two semesters by students. For data analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multivariate ANOVA and multivariate regression were used (P<0.05).

Findings of the study showed positive significant correlation between perceived physical ability, Physical Self-Presentation Confidence, task-orientation, ego-orientation, with physical activity enjoyment. In the sub-scale of physical activity enjoyment, significant difference was observed between girls and boys. Results of multivariate regression showed significance of the model.

Findings revealed that by improving physical self-efficacy and goal orientation in adolescents, enjoyment of physical activity can be increased and thus, physical activity boredom can be reduced and finally, increased physical activity enjoyment can be considered a factor in increasing physical activity participation and adherence to it in adolescents

Success in sports is dependent upon a combination of psychological and physical factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence, sport success and somatotype and to compare the emotional intelligence in elite players and Iran youth national kabaddi players. The research was a correlational field one. The statistical population consisted of 28 players invited to Iran national kabaddi team camp. Emotional intelligence questionnaire of Lan et al (2009), success in sport questionnaire of Vaez Mousavi et al (2015) and Isaac Society Criteria were used in order to investigate the emotional intelligence, sport success and somatotype, respectively. Data were analysed by descriptieve statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and independent t-test. The result showed a positive correlation between some subscales of emotional intelligence and sport success. But no significant correlation was observed between the subscales of emotional intelligence and sport success with somatotype. The results also showed a significant difference in the two subscales of psyche implementation and sensitivity to error between national team players and other kabaddi elite athletes (p<0.05) : It seems that emotional intelligence as an effective factor in sport success can promotoe sport performance. In addition, when the somatotype is relatively similar in different individulas, it could not be regarded as an effective factor for selecting the player and/or success in a group.