پژوهشنامه زبان و ادبیات روسی
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 15، 2020)

This article gives the review examination of some Russian dramatic,poeticworks,travel books 1750-1850 containing the reflections of the religious outlook,culture,poetry,national traditions of Near East people. The earliest examples areshowing: Afanasij Nikitin’s“khozhdenie za tri moria”and“khozhdenija na vostok”byVasilij Pozniakov,Trifon Korobejnikov,also Ivan Peresvetov’s“skazanie o magmete-saltane”and others. The oriental themes,motifs,including Koranical motifs anddetails of the native nature,the local life,are revealing in the works of M.V.Lomonosov,V.I. Majkov,A.A. Rzhevskij,A.A. Shishkov,V.A. Zhukovskij,P.G.Obodovskij,D.P. Oznobishin,A.S. Griboedov,A.S. Pushkin,A.G. Rotchev,A.D.Illichevskij,L.A. Jakubovich,V.I. Tumanskij,M.Ju. Lermontov,Ja.P. Polonskij,A.N.Majkov,A.K. Tolstoj. There are characteristics of the travel books by V.G. Grigorovich-Barskij,D.V. Dashkov,A.N. Muravjev.

The article deals with the main characteristic of the worldview and creativity of M.A. Voloshin is about the harmony of his world as a balance of opposites. This principle is supposed to work at all levels of being. First, it is given in the personality of the poet: as the width of his soul and spiritual infinity on one hand and the discipline and self-restriction on the other. In the totality of the world there are the oppositions of God and devil and the opposition of two devils as making the balance of the whole world. The world itself as a system of strong balances. In history there are two streams of time, “flowering and break-up”. When the balance is disrupted the catastrophe happens, and this is obvious in Russian Revolution. But Voloshin believes that the process of destruction is limited and opposed by the principle of Love.

The article is devoted to the description of the process of the formation of legal lexicon in the Russian language of the 14th— 17th centuries. In the earlier documents of the ancient Russian period crimes are called “зло, грех, проказа, пакости, ослушание” etc. Criminals who have committed unlawful actions are called “ослушники” and “злодеи”. In the future criminal actions are differentiated according to the signs: committed against the person or property, intentional — unintentional, and the first time or repeatedly. The author in the article analyses terminology of crimes against property. Criminal acts are called in legal texts “разбой,татьба,грабеж” etc. Persons who commit crimes are called “разбойник, тать,грабежник” etc. Important criteria for naming the perpetrators of the theft are the crime scene and the character of the stolen things: “церковныйтать, кромскийтать, клетныйтать, коневыйтать” etc. The vocabulary is analysed from the point of view of origin, semantics and the sphere of use

The Silver Age of Russian culture as a specific image of the world outlook marks rising tide of interest in East culture. That period was dominated by increasing the numerous travels to the Arab World and, as a result, ushered in creating a large body of travel literature. The important role in image-building of the Arab East culture played such countries of the African Continent as Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Egypt and Abyssinia. Demystifying the subject of weird Africa turned it to a “land for travelers”thus African issues heavily entered in Russian research and art space. If the interests of travelling scientists were focused on imperial policy of Russia,then the art world, full of mysticism and philosophy, discovered in the Arab World “wealth of knowledge” and returned to primitiveness and purity of archaic cultures. In this article, we represent Andrey Bely as one of the most famous Silver Age Symbolists. His journey to the East (Tunisia, Egypt) revealed not only oriental trend of Era, symbolic vision of eastern countries, but also reflected the writer’s philosophical and creative thoughts, the start of new poetics

Modern trends in the educational paradigm cause increased attention to the professional training of students. The acquisition of professional knowledge depends on the knowledge of the language of the specialty for students. Training provides for a focus on the content of educational material and on activities that are made up of techniques and operations that form professional skills. The effectiveness of training depends on the correct choice of principles, approaches, methods, receptions and ways of teaching, the pedagogical conditions of professionally oriented learning to have been determined. The main topics and corresponding typical communicative situations are singled out, on the basis of the analysis of the professional speech of engineers. Teaching professionally oriented dialogical speaking of foreign students of engineering specialties of higher educational institutions can be presented as a linguodidactic model. Linguodidactic model formed on the basis of modern requirements for vocational training. It reflects the purpose and content of education, outlines the pedagogical conditions of the formation process and the final result — the formation of professionally oriented dialogical speech in students

There is increasing of the interest to playing technologies extensively using in educational space at the modern stage of teaching of Russian as a foreign language. Playing activity causes students’ linguistic competence building and allows beefing up their background knowledge. The one of the most efficient mean for arouse an interest to Russian language history is didactic game. Using of various playing technologies in auditory of other languages causes the increasing of interest to Russian language and its history. Linguistic facts become more accessible and understandable. The main attention during material take-off for historical commentary should be paid to its practical focus that provides the formation of communicative, linguistic and culturological competence of foreign students. The article presents didactic principles of material take-off for playing technologies, adduces examples of linguistic games oriented to training of difficult for foreign students themes related to Russian language history such as orthography, phonetic, grammar

Volgograd's school of linguistics of emotions (Head — Professor Victor Shakhovsky, the author of the theory of emotiveness), since 2010 has been developing ecological aspect of emotions through language. This means that the first Russian linguistic conception of emotions, formed in 1987, contemporarily is getting a new, eco-friendly, refraction. That is, the methodological framework of emotiology is considered from the standpoint of the ethics of emotions. It is known that between human emotions and their expression there are three types of relationships: emotion may be experienced and stay unexpressed; emotion may be experienced and expressed; there may be experienced one emotion and expressed a different one. The last case in the article is metaphorically called “emotional masks”. In the article through the named metaphor is considered, with what emotion a person is included in the communication situation, and with what emotion might come out of it. Analyzed separately is the estimated sign of the emotions that communicants prefer to “mask”. The “mask” of emotions is language. An attempt is made to assess the ecology of such a language.

The picture of the world, which is inherent in society as a whole, and in every individual person, is one of the most important conditions for a holistic perception of the world. The article explores the issues related to the development of the language and the formation of the national language picture of the world in the current conditions of globalization, when a large number of people throughout the world own not only national but also one or more foreign languages. The history of scientific views is also covered. The language picture appears as a contemplation of the world, of an every single man as well as the whole ethnic group. It is a result of the world perception and comprehension which is kept in the language. Particular attention is paid to the problem of creating a national language picture of the world in situations of bilingualism and confusion of languages. The specific formation of the modern national-language picture of the world analyzed by young people explore the difficulties encountered during this process. The article examines the nature of bilingual phenomenon and the concept of the «mother tongue» in the bilingual environment.

One of the most active and influential elements in the linguistic landscape of the metropolis is youth slang. This sociolect makes a significant contribution to the formation of the communicative space of the capital. By the example of a lively speech of young Kiev city dwellers in situations of everyday communication the author made an attempt to show how the speech behavior of the youth contributes to the expansion of the range of actual communicative situations and the popularization of slang vocabulary (which is characterized by vivid emotionality and subjective evaluation). The analysis revealed that as a result of the increase in the number of information flows and the role of mass communication (the Internet, social networks, television, radio, the press), the scope of youth slang functioning is expanded and its written form is fixed.

This research paper is devoted to the study of the main affixal morphemes, which are used to express the functional semantic category of graduality in the adjectives of the Russian language. The article considers the category of graduality and its constituent parts (intensification and de-intensification) in Russian linguistics, and the semantic and derivational features of this category. In this work have been studied the affixal means of expressing the intensification and de-intensification of adjectives in Russian language. The analysis shows that affixal morphemes with the meaning of graduation in the Russian language are used most often to express intensification. The results of the analysis can be useful not only to students studying Russian, but also to researchers studying the relationship between functional semantic categories and word-formation means of expression of these categories

The study Goal was to recreate the image of the tragic and heroic personality of the poet-Decembrist V.F. Raevsky, analyzing books dedicated to his life, to get acquainted with the history of the poems. The life-tragedy of the V.F. Raevskogo is that he is, sentenced by a military court to death for free-thinking, spent five years in the castle dungeons, awaiting execution, and after its cancellation — more than forty years in Siberian exile. The heroism of “the first Decembrist” is that even in this hopeless situation, he survived, not broken, fought valiantly for life for the truth. In exile, Vladimir Fedoseevich Raevsky was taught to read and write peasant children. In Siberia, he continued to write poetry. In the center of his Rejewski — way “singer in prison”, unyielding fighter for his ideals, not bowed “ramen head” or to the people or to fate. In spite of all the blows of the rock, V.F. Raevsky did not lose heart, remained true to his ideals and values to the end.

In modern linguistics much attention is paid to the studying of the concept. Being a key term of many linguistic areas, the concept has become the main subject of cognitive linguistics, lingvoculturology and one of the newest streams — lingvoimagology. Our research deals with the studying of the concept “Nature” and one of the ways of its verbalization in the literary text — personification. Both intellectual and emotional spheres of a person participate in the process of creation of the personification. It contributes to the understanding of the images of the surrounding world, which is very important for perception of a literary text containing writer’s individual vision of different processes and phenomena. Analyzing examples of personification used by the writer gives the possibility to make conclusions about morphological and syntactical structure of this stylistic device and key features which create its basis. The research of stylistic means and devices is especially important in terms of modern literature, because nowadays writers create special language style which must be carefully studied.