مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 110، امرداد و شهریور 1399)

Aflatoxin M1 is produced by metabolizing aflatoxin B1 in the liver of the animal and is introduced into milk. Therefore, they are a threat to public health. The aim of this study was to investigate aflatoxin M1 in cow's milk and aflatoxin B1 in animal feed in Islamshahr.

In the winter of 1397, spring and summer of 1398, raw cow milk samples were collected from 5 livestock centers in each season. And 100 grams of feeds were taken, fed and taken to the laboratory for feed from livestock. The amount of aflatoxin was measured by ELISA. Data analysis was performed at the significant level of p <0.01 using ANOVA.

In this summer study, 25% of samples had aflatoxin M1 above the European Codex Committee's acceptable limit (50 ng / L). In winter, 7.5% of samples and in spring, 12.5% of samples were higher than mentioned standard. Contamination of livestock feed with aflatoxin B1 was 58.2% in summer, 38.8% in winter and 15.8% in spring.

According to the results of this study, there is a significant relationship between aflatoxin B1 in livestock diet and aflatoxin M1 in cow's raw milk (P <0.1). Therefore, to prevent the entry of aflatoxin M 1 through the milk into the human food chain, the entry of aflatoxin B into animal feed should be prevented.

Hearing loss is a debilitating condition that even mild degrees can disrupt speech processing, communication and limit social interaction. The prevalence of hearing loss and its causes in various age and people groups is different. The aim of this study was conducted to determine the frequency of hearing loss and related factors in patients referred to audiology Clinic of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad from October 2017 to April 2018.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 493 people referred to Audiology Clinic of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad. The cause of referring and family history and related diseases was obtained by a questionnaire and then compared with the results of their tympanometry and audiometry tests. The results were obtained using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient.

average age of participants were 41.2 (±18.96) years old and 342 out 493 (69/4%) had hearing loss. 79.8% men and 62.6% of women had hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss was the most common type of hearing loss (35.2% of all patients). The Otitis media was the most common cause of hearing loss among patients with hearing impairment (10.7%). Also, there was a significant relationship between aging and degree of hearing loss.

According to this results, hearing loss are frequent among Referents of Audiology Clinic. Some causes of hearing loss, such as infections, noise exposure, and Ototoxic drugs can be controlled, Therefore, preventive health care and appropriate treatments can be helpful in reducing the risk of hearing loss.

 This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group therapy based on mindfulness oriented recovery enhancement approach on Cognitive Reactivity to Sad Mood and Pain-Related Anxiety among Chronic Pain Patients.

Materials & Methods:

This study is quasi-experimental with control group. The statistical population included all the patients with chronic pain at Ahwaz who have been referred to Health Center (Hospitals with specialized clinics of physical medicine and orthopedics) in summer 2017. 30 chronic pain patients were selected through recall and in a voluntary method based on pain specialist diagnosis and randomly allocated into two experimental(n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Both groups were tested before. The experimental group for eight sessions of 120-minute group therapy were based on mindfulness oriented recovery enhancement approach. Control group members did not receive any interventions. Data through questionnaires study were Index of Depression Sensitivity-Revised Version (LEIDS-R) and Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS). Research data to way multivariate analysis of variance were analyzed by SPSS 21 software.

The results of multivariate analysis of covariance with significance level (p > 0.0001) on the hypothesis show a significant difference between the two groups at post-test, that represents the effectiveness of mindfulness oriented recovery enhancement approach group therapy based on Cognitive Reactivity to Sad Mood and Pain-Related Anxiety among Chronic Pain Patients.

The conclusion of the study is based on group therapy, mindfulness oriented recovery enhancement approach is to reduce. Cognitive Reactivity to Sad Mood and Pain-Related Anxiety among Chronic Pain Patients.

Irisin, which is released in response to physical activity, has recently been reported as the therapeutic target in metabolic disorders. The present study attempts to discover the effect of eight weeks’ resistance or endurance training on the irisin level in rats’ gastrocnemius and liver.

To this purpose,15 male rats were randomly assigned to three groups of 5: the resistance group, the endurance group, and the control group. For 8 weeks, the resistance group did the activities on the treadmill and the endurance group on a one-meter-long ladder with 85 steep, while the control group did not receive any training. 72 hours after their last training session, the subjects were anaesthetized and their liver and gastrocnemius were removed. A Shapiro-Wilk test was run to determine the normal distribution of data, and a one-way ANOVA and a Tukey test were applied to analyze the data(P ≥ 0.05).

The normal distribution having been approved via the Shapiro-Wilk test, the one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the irisin levels between the groups’ livers and gastrocnemii (P =0.001 and P -0.016, respectively). The Tukey test revealed a significant rise in the liver tissue of the resistance group and endurance group in comparison to the control group (P =0.001 and P =0.742, respectively).

According to this study, both resistance and endurance training can help significantly increase the irisin level of both the liver and the gastrocnemius, indicating how physical activity can help in the prevention and treatment of metabolic illnesses.

Different parts of walnut plants are used in traditional medicine and in the treatment of various diseases, including diabetes. Considering the role of various stresses in diabetes and the side effects of chemical drugs in the treatment of this disease, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Walnut leaf hydroalcholic extract on lipid profiles in swine stressed diabetic rats.

This experimental study was performed on 50 adult male rats divided into 5 groups: control, diabetic, diabetic, walnut leaf extract (200 mg / kg), diabetic with swimming stress at 15 ° C, and diabetic treatment with swimming stress and walnut leaf extract. At the end of the 21 day follow up, weighing and blood sampling of animals, serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL were measured using SPSS-18 software, ANOVA and Tukey tests, and significant differences in the level of data P <0.01 was considered.

The results showed that diabetes and diabetes with swimming stress caused a significant decrease in weight and serum levels of HDL in the level of P <0.01, and a significant increase in serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL in the level of P <0.001 compared to the control group, while the extract of Walnut leaves Significant increase in HDL levels was observed at P <0.01 level at P <0.01 and a significant decrease in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL levels at P <0.001 in diabetic and swimming stressed animals.

The results showed that swimming stress and diabetes probably increased the level of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL, and decreased HDL in the blood, due to increased oxidant compounds, and the walnut leaf extract would probably correct these changes through the increase of antioxidants in the body.

Stimulating the hormones and enzymes involved in the lipolysis, resistive exercises can increase lipolysis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of circular resistive exercises before exhausting running on treadmill on fat and carbohydrate oxidation and energy expenditure in overweight and obese girls.

Ten overweight and obese girls (weight range: 78.02 to 10.18 kg) performed two types of exercises: 1) performing circular resistive exercises before running on treadmill, 2) just running on treadmill without any circular resistive exercises. Running on treadmill was performed at the intensity of 75% of the maximum heart rate until they were exhausted, and the circular resistive exercises consisted of five stations, each with three rounds at 55% of 1-RM (1-Repetition Maximum). The respiratory gases of the participants were measured by a gas analyzer system for 30 minutes in the baseline and while running on the treadmill until exhaustion. The collected data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) (α = 0.05).

It was found that fat metabolism during the activity in the first group (performing circular resistive exercises before running on treadmill) were significantly higher than the second group (just running on the treadmill). Energy expenditure and carbohydrate metabolism were not reported to be significantly different between the two groups of the study.

Overweight and obese girls can use circular resistive exercises before running on a treadmill in order to increase their fat oxidation and reduce their body fat percentage.

No study compared the effectiveness of the green tea, fiber, caffeine and L-carnitine on weight loss in individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of green tea, fiber, caffeine and L-carnitine in clinical aspects of people.  

The databases of Pubmed, Scopus and Cochran were searched up to November 2018. The pairwise method was used to compare the difference between the mean weight loss of drugs in two direct methods (comparison of drugs with the control group) and non-direct (Compare medications together).

The present study performed on 73 clinical studies with a cumulative population of 3921, showed that caffeine (-0.88 kg; -2.60 to -0.84), caffeine + catechine (-0.74 kg; -1.70 to 0.21), green tea (-0.61 kg; -1.33 to -0.11), fiber (-0.31 kg; -0.79 to -0.17), respectively, had the most effect on weight loss compared with the placebo group. In addition, carnitine supplementation did not effect on weight loss.

The present study indicated that green tea supplementation had a lower effect on weight loss compared with caffeine and caffeine+catechin, and had a greater effect on weight loss compared with fiber and carnitine.

Midwives as one of the main groups providing health care and because of their stressful job they are in the exposure of burnout. This would impact on their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of midwives working in maternity hospital and health centers in Zabol.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 60 midwives working in maternity hospital of Amiral-Mu'minin Ali (AS) and health centers of Zabol in 2016. The data collection tools were a demographic questionnaire and SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. Data were reported as descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and analytical (Independent samples test).

The results of this study showed that the age mean and standard deviation of the participants in the study was 28.67 ± 5.31 years old. midwives working at health centers had a better health-related quality of life in all domains. Mean score of physical and mental health of midwives working in health centers and midwives working in maternity ward were no significant differences (p >0.05). But total quality of life scores, showed significant difference(p

The new methods of the evaluation of critical thinking skills educate is necessary for approaches with patient in early clinical exposure in medical students .

This descriptive-analytical study was carried out at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2016-2018. The present study was conducted in collaboration with 34 medical students inclouded(24 males and 10 females) in this study using California Critical Thinking Skills Questionnaire (CCTST). Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) and after skill education- (ECE) were performed in the related to analysis, inductive and deductive reasoning skills. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 software using MC-Nemar and paired t-tests (Pair: T-test).

Mean scores of analysis skills before and after undergoing preliminary anatomy of the patient (Early Clinical Exposure)the correct answer were significant in the area of inductive reasoning and inference or reasoning deductive before and after ECE with Critical Thinking Skills training (P 0.05.

The results showed that teaching ccritical thinking skills training improves learners' quality and also provides positive feedback to the teacher, learner and patient.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of orange juice consumption before exercise on Maximum fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity at witch MFO occurred (FATmax) in overweight young girls. Eight overweight young girls (age 24.50 ± 6.25 years, height 162.50 ± 8.19 Cm, weight 73.93 ± 6.23 kg, BMI 28.01 ± 0.89 kg / m2, body fat percentage 37.83 ± 2.91 %), performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill in two separated sessions. Subjects consumed 500 ml water or orange juice one hour before exercise tests. The amount of fat and carbohydrate oxidation measured using the indirect calorimetric during exercise. MFO and Fatmax, were determined. The paired sample t-test showed that there is no significant difference between the water and orange juice in MFO (P = 0.12) and FATmax (p = 0.83). In conclusion, it seems that the use of orange juice one hour before exercise did not significantly alter fat oxidation in overweight young girls.

Lifestyle modification is an important aspect of preventing various diseases, including various types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and green tea extract on NF-κB, COX-2 and suppressor protein of p53 in prostate tissue of healthy rats.

Materials & Methods:

32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: green tea extract, exercise training, green tea extract + exercise training, and control. The exercise training program included aerobic training on a low to moderate intensity on the treadmill (at a speed of 3-10 m/s, 3 sets of 15 min with 2 min of rest between sets, 5 days a week). Green tea extract was gavaged at a dose of 1.3 ml of solution at a concentration of 10 mg/100 ml (3 sessions per week). Scarify was performed 48 hours after the end of the intervention. The results were analyzed using parametric statistical methods of analysis of covariance and one way ANOVA.

Aerobic training significantly increased NF-κB level compared to the control group (P = 0.02). The combination of aerobic training and consumption of green tea extract did not significantly change the level of NF-κB. The COX-2 and p53 levels were not significantly different after aerobic training and green tea extract (P > 0.05).

Green tea supplementation seems to modulate NF-κB level following aerobic training, which can reflect the anti-inflammatory effects of green tea and its role in preventing prostate cancer.

Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder suffer from stress, anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to determine the Mindfulness-Based Positive Behavior Support on stress, depression and anxiety of these mothers.

Thirty mothers with children aged 6-8 years old with autism spectrum disorder were selected randomly from Gorgan Special Schools and were randomly divided into 2 groups of intervention and control. An expert psychiatrist educated MBPBS to the intervention group in 8 sessions. The assessment tools included the Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory, completed by all mother before, immediately and one month after the intervention. Independent t-test was used to compare the two groups.

Before intervention, mean scores of depression, anxiety and stress in mothers of autistic children were not significantly different between the intervention and control groups, but the mean scores of the two groups were significantly different after intervention and one month after the intervention; mean scores of depression, anxiety and stress of mothers of autistic children did not change significantly in the control group over time, but decreased significantly in the intervention group (P<0.001).

MBPBS was able to reduce depression, anxiety and stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Using MBPBS is suggested to be used for decreasing depression, anxiety and stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Gratitude, as a positive factor, can help enrich and strengthen relationships between couples. The aim of this study was testing a model of the relationships gratitude, marital relationship quality, and marital satisfaction.

The statistical population included all married female teachers of Sabzevar city in 1396. The statistical sample was 241 participants who were selected using the random sampling method. The data collection was performed using the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (EMS), Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6), perceived Relationship Quality. Amos -24 and SPSS -24 software packages were applied for data analysis. Bootstrap in Preacher and Hayes’ Macro program was used for testing mediation.

Results indicated that the model with some modification had a good fit with the data. The gratitude had a positive direct effect on marital satisfaction and marital relationship quality (p<0.05). Marital relationship quality had a positive direct effect on marital satisfaction (p<0.05). The gratitude had the positive indirect effect on marital satisfaction via marital relationship quality (p<0.05).

Gratitude, directly and indirectly, through increased marital relationship quality, is associated with higher marital satisfaction. This study shows a stage into a better understanding of positive processes that can protect couples against marital dissatisfaction, and that can assist counselors to help couples in attaining and keeping the marital satisfaction.

Low quality of life and high stress are the most frequently stated problems that faced by in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. This research aims to understand the role of emotion regulation and personality traits as predictors of quality of life and general health in a sample of mothers of children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders.

Materials & Methods:

This study was a descriptive-correlation design. It was done in Tehran in 1396.Eighty mothers participated through convenient sampling. Mothers answered a questionnaire on Emotion Regulation Strategies, General Health, Five-Factor Inventory (brief form), Who-Quality of life. Data was analyzed by SPSS-23. Stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results show that the emotion regulation strategies as repression and personality traits like extroversion and neurosis predict general health and quality of life in mothers. Results were significant at the p = 0.05 level.

Our results indicated the significant role of emotion regulation strategies and personality traits in general health and quality of life. Developing interventions in emotion regulation could be help to improve mother’s general health. Hence the design of studies in the field of setting up the excitement of mothers and strengthen positive personality characteristics, such as the extroversion can improve the quality of life and general health.

Epilepcy is a chronic and neurological disease. The aim of this study was to determain the effectiveness of computer gamesbased on visual skills on visual perception and concentration of children with epilepsy disorder.

This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all children with epilepsy disorders referring to the epilepsy disorder treatment center in Mashhad. The sample was 30 these individuals have been selected and voluntarily selected according to the criteria and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The tools used in this research were the computer focus test (COG) (2012) and the Frostheit Visual Perception Test (1982). Finally, the data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using covariance analysis. For this purpose, SPSS-24 software was used.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of visual perception (P <0.01) and concentration (P0.05) after elimination of pre-test. The mean score of the post-test group was significantly more than the control group, which meant that the use of computer games in visual skills increased visual perception and concentration.

The results showed that the use of computer games in visual skills increased visual perception, and concentration on the experimental group in the post-test phase, compared with the control group.

The present study examine The relationship between Information and Communication Technology and Organizational Agility with the mediating role of Targeted Organizational Forgetting among the employees of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. The method of research is descriptive and its type is correlation with an emphasis on structural equations. The population consisted of all employees of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences (205 persons) that 134 peoples were selected using on cochrane formula based.That sample was selected by Systematic sampling. The data was collected through ict Muharrampor, Organizational Agility by Sharifi & Zhang,Targeted Organizational Forgetting by Mahmoudvand questionnaires. To evaluate validity and reliability of the questionnaires we used Cronbach Alpha coefficient The Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for data analyzing. The results showed that:1) There is a significant and positive relationship between the Ict and Organizational Agility. 2) There is a significant and positive relationship between the Ict and Targeted Organizational Forgetting. 3) There is a significant and positive relationship between the Targeted Organizational Forgetting and Organizational Agility. 4) Targeted Organizational Forgetting playing a mediating role in relationship between Ict and Organizational Agility and 45% of Organizational Agility was predicted by Ict with the mediation of Targeted Organizational Forgetting

The main aim of the present study was investigating the effect of metacognitive therapy based on mindfulness on negative emotion regulation strategies and emotional processing in people with general anxiety disorder.

Materials & Methods:

This was a semi-experimental research and in this research project, 30 person with general anxiety disorder were selected from Tehran Nedaye Aramesh Ravan clinic’s clients using purposeful sampling. All subjects, in two experimental and control groups, were evaluated before and after treatment by Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Emotional Processing Scale. Subjects in experimental group received 8 session of metacognitive therapy based on mindfulness. After completion of treatment, all subjects were retested. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).

The results showed that there is a significant difference between experimental and control group in improving the negative emotion regulation strategies and emotional processing (P≤0/0005).

The results of this study showed that metacognitive therapy based on mindfulness can decrease negative emotion regulation strategies and emotional processing in people with general anxiety disorder.

Inappropriate emotional reactions such as anxiety and depression is very evident in today’s societies, affecting and causing too many problems for nurses, then effect on the quality of providing health cares. According to the nurses' exposure to mental health disorders, the purpose of the present research is to study empathy moderating role in relationship between psychological capital with depression and anxiety of nurses.

This research is an exploratory research of correlation plans. Based on Morgan Table were selected 217 subjects of employed nurses (100 male and 117 female) as hospitals of Sabzevar in spring 2018 by available sampling. In order to obtain data, Luthans et al (2007), psychological capital questionnaire, Baron-Cohen empathy(2003), and Anxiety and Depression Scale of Zigmond and Snaith Hospital (1983),were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analyses by SPSS-22 software.

Findings of the present research showed that there are negative significant relationship between psychological capital and hospital of anxiety and depression of nurses (p<0.01). also empathy is mediating role in relationship between psychological capital and clinical symptoms of anxiety and depression(p<0.01).

According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that empathy can be mediated relationship psychological capital and hospital clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Severe stressful incidents are associated with the risk of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. Regarding the adverse effects of anti-depressants/anxiety drugs, researcher’s attention have been focused on finding natural ingredients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Adiantum capillus veneris extract on depression and anxiety induced by acute stress in male rats.

In this experimental study, 40 male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 5 groups including control group (under acute stress receiving normal saline), intervention groups (under acute stress receiving extract of Adiantum capillus veneris at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), and positive control (under acute stress receiving diazepam). Acute stress was induced by electric shock (0.5 mA, 2 min) and immobilization in restrainer (2 hours) for one time. Extract and drug were administered intraperitoneally for 21 days and then anxiety, depression and Motor activity were evaluated by forced swimming, elevated plus maze (EPM) and open filed tests respectively.

Treatment of stressed mice with different doses of Adiantum capillus veneris extract significantly decreased the immobility time in the forced swimming test in comparison with the control group (P <0.05). Treatment of stressed mice with 400 mg/kg of Adiantum capillus veneris extract significantly increased the entry into the open arms and significantly decreased the number of entery into the closed arms of EPM (P<0.05). Different doses of extract had no significant effect on the number of line-crossing in the open field test as compared with the control group.

Adiantum capillus veneris extract showed antidepressant and anti-anxiolytic effects in mice under acute stress.

Tendon rupture is one of the most common problems in livestock and human. Tendon has a special blood flow network that is fed from outside to inside. The most important factor in tendon healing is blood flow which is very slow. Various methods that have been implemented to treat and repair these raptures are time-consuming.

Materials & Methods:

10 male New Zealand rabbits with weight 1-2/5 kg were selected and kept for one month. The posterior organs of the rabbits were shaved and anesthetized. Then, under sterile conditions, the SDFT tendon was cut through the skin, the rabbits were divided into two groups of five and the control group and received three groups of samples at a dose of 1μg/kg of Theranekron, and during the days of 3, 10 And 30 ultrasound examinations. After 30 days, the samples were euthanasia for pathological investigations, and the lesion was removed and sent to the lab.

The results of the thirtieth day of ultrasound examination showed a significant improvement in the tendon fibroblasts, similar to the normal area of the damaged region of echogenicity. Histopathologic results show the beneficial effects of Theranekron during this study. Therefore, the number of collagen fibers accumulated in the tissue in the treated group significantly increased.

It was concluded that Theranekron was effective in healing tendons and reducing inflammation.