مجله فیض
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 113، امرداد و شهریور 1399)

Considering the side effects of anti- anxiety drugs, this study investigated the effect of alpha-pinene on anxiety behaviors compared with Diazepam in rats.

In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control, sham (received alphapinene solvent), the groups received 2 and 4 mg/kg alphapinene, and the group that received diazepam 10 mg/kg. At the end of this period, anxiety was measured using elevated plus maze and concentrations of malondialdehyde, thiol and glutathione peroxidase, in hippocampal tissue. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests.

In the groups receiving 2 and 4 mg/kg doses of alpha-pinene significantly increased the percentage of open arm entry (P<0.001) and percentage of time spent in the open arm (P<0.05) (P<0.05). Compared to the control and diazepam groups, administration of alpha-pinene significantly decreased MDA concentration (P<0.001) and significant increase in thiol (P<0.01) (P<0.05) and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity was evident (P<0.001).

Alpha-pinene showed a downward effect on anxiety responses in male rats, similar to anxiolytic effects of diazepam. Alpha-pinene may be potentiated by binding to the position of benzodiazepines in GABA A receptors and exerted its anti-anxiety effect with antioxidant properties.

Impairment in metabolism of lipids, especially in liver tissue, is one of the main complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Satureja avromanica (HESA) on glycogen and lipid content in liver tissue of male rats with type 2 diabetes. 

In this experimental study, Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6) including: controls and T2D groups treated with or without hydroalcoholic extract of Satureja avromanica extract (50 mg/kg). After 60 days of treatment lipid and glycogen storage of liver were measured. The data collected after entering SPSS software version 16 were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

The results showed that in the diabetic group treated with Satureja avromanica extract, weight was significantly higher and the fasting blood sugar was significantly lower than the diabetic control group (P<0.01). Also, in relation to liver tissue, in the diabetic group receiving the extract of Satureja avromanica, glycogen storage is significantly higher and the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride is significantly lower than the diabetic control group (P<0.05).

This study showed that hydroalcoholic extract of Satureja avromanica can have anti-diabetic effects on the liver tissue in diabetic rats.

Silver has long been known for its antibacterial properties. With the increasing use of silver nanoparticles in various consumer and medical products, it is necessary to check the toxicity of silver nanoparticles for the safety of users.

This study was done on the female Wistar rats. These rats were divided to 5 groups such as the control and four treatment groups. Toxic dose was determined based on IC50. For the biological nanoparticles, the non-toxic dose was 3-4 ml and the toxic dose was 6-8 ml. For the chemical nanoparticles, the non-toxic dose was 2.5 ml and the toxic dose was 5 ml. Injections were performed in the last two weeks of gestation and sampling was performed two weeks after birth. Then histological study of renal changes in the cortical and medulla and details of each area were performed by two incisions.

This test was showed that the nonpoisonous of chemical nanoparticles slightly caused the hyperemia and inflammation in renal cells. Injection of poisonous chemical nanoparticles caused serious change renal tissue. In injection of poisonous and nonpoisonous biological didnchr('39')t changes tubular cells but caused little changes in renal tissue.

The facing with the chemical silver nanoparticles during the pregnancy related to the different dosage of silver nanoparticles induced the poison in the kidney of offspring rats. Biological nanoparticles have the less effect on the renal tissue despite of the chemical ones.

  Freezing human semen is considered an effective technique in assisted reproductive techniques (ART). During cryopreservation, sperm cells are exposed to chemical and physical stress, resulting in damage to the axonum, increased morphological deficits in the middle segment, and decreased sperm motility. In this study, the effects of trehalose and resveratrol antioxidants on sperm parameters during freezing and thawing processes were evaluated.

A cross-sectional study was performed on 40 normal semen samples divided into 7 groups. The effects of these antioxidants on sperm parameters were investigated by computer analysis (CASA) and sperm chromatin (SCD) evaluation. It should be noted that P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Group 3 (freezing and treating with 100 mM trehalose) showed the highest percentage of motility, acrosome membrane integrity, and plasma membrane integrity compared to the control group and had healthier DNA after thawing and fewer survival of sperm.

According to the results, it can be concluded that trehalose samples in general improve the quality of semen and even after thawing it is involved in maintaining sperm motility. Resveratrol causes toxicity at high concentrations and causes undesirable changes in osmotic pressure, but at low concentrations it has beneficial effects on sperm survival and inhibits ROS as a potent antioxidant.

Given the role of silver nanoparticles on oxidative stress and antioxidant royal jelly, this research aimed to study the simultaneous treatment of silver nanoparticles and royal jelly in the NMRI mice testis tissue.

In this experimental study, thirty adult male mice (NMRI) were used with an average weight (36±2) at the 5 groups (n=6): Control, treatment with silver nanoparticles (500 mg/kg/day), treatment with royal jelly (300 mg/kg/day) and simultaneous treatment silver nanoparticles +royal jelly (the offered doses), by orally administration for 35 days. After treatment, the total volume of testis, and its diameter and height of the germinal epithelium, total number spermatids, spermatocytes, Sertoli cells with stereological method were estimated. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by FRAP method), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) by spectrophotometric method, and serum testosterone by Elisa kit were measured.

The total volume of testis, diameter and height of the germinal epithelium, total number spermatids, spermatocytes, Sertoli cells significantly decreased in silver nanoparticles group compared to the control group (P<0.001). A significant increase in level of MDA and significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity and serum testosterone levels was found in silver nanoparticles group compared with control group (P<0.001). Above parameters were significantly increased in silver nanoparticles +royal jelly group compared with silver nanoparticles group.

According to the results, royal jelly may be the effective in the protection against the adverse effects of silver nanoparticles and improve the function of male reproductive system.

Infections caused by bacterial agents with antibiotic resistance are expanding so that the effectiveness of antibiotics in the treatment has reduced. So, efforts are being made to find new active herbal compounds as an appropriate alternative to antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluation of active antibacterial of ethanol and methanol extracts of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Mazouj galls against bacteria.

This study was performed by standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC: 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC: 25922), Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC:10031), Shigella sonnei (ATCC: 1188), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC:1310) and Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC:10654). The of ethanol and methanol extracts of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Mazouj galls were prepared by Soxhlet apparatus. Antibacterial activities of extracts were evaluated well diffusion method. Also minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MBC were assessed by microdilution method. The data obtained by new SPSS software was analyzed.

The ethanol and methanol extracts of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Mazouj galls showed antibacterial activity against bacteria. MIC results for ethanol and methanol extracts Dracocephalum kotschyi and Mazouj galls were 125 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml for bacteria, respectively. 

Ethanol and methanol extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Mazouj galls had good antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. Therefore, the results of this study can be a valuable report regarding their effective role in infection control.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of an emotion-based therapy and a treatment based on acceptance and commitment on the quality of life of women with chronic headache.

This study used a quasi-experimental method with pre-test, post-test, follow up, and the control group. The population under consisted women were that they referred for the treatment of headache to the brain and neurology government clinic of Parsabad city in 2019. 30 women were selected by purposive sampling as the participants and randomly divided into three groups.

The mean and standard deviation quality of life for the emotion-based therapy group, the treatment based on acceptance and commitment group, and the control group on the posttest were (38.40±5.03), (39.30±4.43) and (39.30±5.29) respectively. The results showed that the emotion-based therapy (51.50±6.86) and treatment based on acceptance and commitment (60.10±5.04) compared to the control group (39.40±5.37) increased the quality of life in chronic headache patients on the posttest (P=0.001). Besides, the effect of emotion-based therapy (51.20±7.13) and treatment based on acceptance and commitment (60.00±4.96) on the quality of life (39.00±5.01) persisted in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). It was also shown that the effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on quality of life in post-test and follow-up was more evident than the effect of emotion-based therapy (P<0.006).

Based on the findings of this study, emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy may decrease the stress and thus improve the quality of life of women with chronic headaches.

Waste of plant distillates industries are a source of organic compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of Eryngium billardieri, Citrus aurantium and Foeniculum vulgare wastewaters materials in vitro.

In this experimental study, samples of Eryngium billardieri, Citrus aurantium and Foeniculum vulgare wastewaters were collected at one of the factories in Kashan. After filtration and drying of the obtained solutions, total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were determined by colorimetric method. Also, antioxidant activity was evaluated by ferric reducing ability and antibacterial activities against antibiotic resistance Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the micro-dilution and disc diffusion methods.

The results showed that the highest amount of phenolic compounds (106. 46 mg/g) and flavonoids (13.6 mg/g) were in the F. vulgare wastewaters. The highest antioxidant activity was for F. vulgare (1229.9±30.44), C. aurantium (679.39±1.3), and E. billardieri (549.28±15.35 mmol Fe 2+/g at their highest concentration, respectively. None of the wastewaters samples had any effect on S. aureus, but F. vulgare and E. billardieri showed an anti-E. coli effect with MIC (166.66 mg/mL) and MBC (333.3 mg/mL).

This study was the first research on the biological activity of herbal distillate wastewaters in Iran. The results showed the presence of active compounds and the biological effects of these wastes. It is suggested that more extensive studies be carried out on the antibacterial activities on various gram negative and positive bacteria, as well as the identification of other compounds and biological properties such as cytotoxicity of herbal distillate wastewaters.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance and combination training on serum levels of Fetuin-A and metabolic syndrome of overweight and obese women.

This was a semi-experimental study and 45 overweight and obese women were randomly divided into three groups: “control”, “aerobic exercise” and “combined exercise” groups. The aerobic exercise and combined exercise groups were active for eight weeks. After blood sampling, Fetuin-A, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, total cholesterol and glucose were measured.

The results showed that after eight weeks in the aerobic and combined groups, Fetuin-A significantly increased (P=0.022, P=0.011). Also, LDL was significantly decreased in aerobic and combined groups (P=0.006, P=0.024). The results showed that the combined group had a significant decrease in TC, TG, FAT, BMI, and WHR compared to baseline and a significant increase in HDL (P<0.05). Also, Fetuin-A decreased in aerobic and combined groups compared to the control group. The combined group showed a significant decrease in TC compared to the control and aerobic groups (P<0.05). Besides, the combined group had lower TG, FAT, BMI, and WHR indices compared to the control group (P<0.05).

The results of this study showed that combined exercises compared aerobic training had significant decreasing effects on Fetuin-A, as well as metabolic syndrome indices in obese and overweight individuals and contributes to the improvement of the dangers of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors.

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) can be differentiated into neurons and glial cells. Different miRNAs regulate the proliferation and differentiation of HFSCs. So, this study aimed to evaluate the exact role of miR-124-3p on the expression of non-neuronal genes (CCND1 (cyclinD1), Tlx) NR2E1) and RCOR2 (CoREST) (and neuronal genes (DLK1, MAP2, and NeuN (Rbfox 3)).

This experimental study was performed on the stem cells isolated from the bulge region of mouse vibrissa hair follicles. The hair follicle stem cells differentiated into neuronal cells. Then, the cells transfected with miR-124-3p mimic and inhibitor. The mRNA levels of non-neuronal and neural genes were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR).

The results showed that neural induction and miR-124-3p mimic transfection significantly increased mRNA expression levels of neuronal genes MAP2, Rbfox3 and DLK1, but transfection with the miR-124-3p inhibitor increased mRNA level of non-neural genes CCND1 (82.71) and NR2E1 (962.07), respectively.

These results show that miR-124-3p may promote neuronal differentiation of HFSCs by inhibiting non-neural genes CCND1 and NR2E1.

Garlic (Allium sativum) belongs to the Liliaceae family and green tea (Camellia sinensis) belongs to the Theaceae family are widely used in folk medicine. Antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activity of these plants have been previously reported. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic activity of the extracts of garlic and green tea on breath cancer cell line (MCF-7) and HDF.

Cytotoxicity of different concentrations (250,500,750 μg/ml) of garlic and green tea ethanolic extracts on MCF-7 and HDF cell lines were examined. The cell lines were grown in RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% penicillin and streptomycin. The cells were allowed to incubate at 37ºC in an atmosphere that contained 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. The standard MTT assay was performed to estimate cell viability after treatment garlic and green tea extracts.

The results of the MTT assay showed that garlic extract had time and concentration dependent anticancer activities on the MCF- 7 cell line (P<0.01). But, any effect of green tea extract on MCF-7 and HDF cell lines showed.

Results of this survey suggested that garlic extract has a good potential to control of cancer cells.

Depression is a common disease and understanding its influential factors is important. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression among medical students of Balkh University of Medical Science.

In this cross-sectional study, 250 students of medical school were selected by <a href="javascript:void(0)">convenience sampling. Among participants, 126 subjects (50.4%) were women, 124 (49.6%) were men, 175 subject (70%) were single and 75 (30%) were married. Beck standardized questionnaire was used to measure depression.

The results showed that among the participants who had a normal depression score 26.9% (n=34) were female, 35.4% (n=44) were male, 33.1% (n=58) were single and 26/6% (20=n) were married. Also, among those with a mild depression score, 34.1% (n=43%) were female, 25% (n=31) were male, 26.2% (n=46) were single, and 37.3% (n=28) were married. Moderate depression scores were observed in 30.15% (n=38) female, 31.4% (n=39) male, 28.5% (n=50) single and 36% (n=27) marred participants. Also, the number of people with severe depression was reported to be 8.7% (n=11) of female, 8% (n=10) male, and 12% (n=21) single participants and there was no severe depression reported among married participants. It was also found that there was a significant relationship between depression scores and marital status (P=0.005), but the relationship between depression scores and gender was not significant (P=0.351).

Considering the high prevalence of depression among medical students of Balkh University of Medical Sciences, it is suggested that the areas of mental health counseling should be prioritized by relevant authorities.