نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دامپزشکی
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پاییز و زمستان 1393)

A seroepidemiological study to detect the presence of the antibodies against West Nile Virus(WNV), Influenza AVirus, Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIA) and Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) was done in Tehran and Alborzprovince, Iran from April 2011 to July 2012. The objective of this study was to determine the serological statusof the most important viruses in horse. Serum samples were collected from stable horses throughout Tehran andAlborz province. Out Of 126 samples, 3 (2.38%), 1 (0.79%), 37 (29.36%), 85(67.46%) were seropositive forWNV, EIA, EAV and Influenza A Virus, respectively. The results revealed that antibodies against WNV, EIA andEAV were present in Tehran and Alborz province; meanwhile,previous exposure to WNV, EIA and EAV mightnot have occurred in Iran due to low percentages ofWNV and EIA seropositive cases and medium percentage ofEAV seropositive results. Seropositivecases of WNV, EIA and EAV were as same as other reports. Since highpercentages of Influenza Aseropositive results, the agent is likely circulating in Iran.

Milk is considered a nutritious food because it contains several important nutrients including proteins and vitamins.Conversely, it can be a vehicle for several pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcusaureus is one of the most causes of food poisoning (FP) in dairy products. The main etiologic agent of FP isstaphylococcal enterotoxins (SE). There are different types of SE, but type A (SEA) and type B (SEB) are the mostimportant types.The aim of the present study was detection of enterotoxin genes A&B of staphylococcus aureus strains isolatedfrom raw milk of dairy cattle herds of Tehran province. In the current study, 40 samples of raw milk and mastitismilk were transported to the laboratory under sterile conditions and were assessed. Samples were cultured andidentifed by routine bacteriological methods. The isolated bacteria were evaluated by PCR tests for diagnosisof the gene encoding of SEA and SEB.The PCR results showed that(%25) of Staphylococcus aureus isolatespossessed the SEA gene,(%15) had the SEB. Therefor heating has no effect on dairy products contaminated byenterotoxins and gastritis may occur in a short period of time. As PCR is a rapid, sensitive, specifc and inexpensivemethod, we suggest that it can be replaced to traditionally assays for detecting SE.

Nowadays the uterine infections are considered as one of the principal disorders of bitch’s reproductive system. Forthis reason, the utilization of lactobacillus spp. as probiotic and aimed at substituting in the uterus as an inhibiting factoragainst the uterine infections due to the production of metabolites such as hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid be usefuland should be investigated (13). For this reason, in order to isolate the lactobacillus spp. from the vaginas of healthybitches beings, an attempt was made to obtain specimens using double guard swab under sterile conditions from twentyhealthy bitches which had been primarily confrmed through radiograph, ultrasonography and clinical examinations.Subsequent to the acquisition of specimens, the swabs were immediately placed in MRS-broth medium and aftertransferring to laboratory they were incubated frstly for 48 to 72 hours in anaerobic condition under 37ºc. Thereafter,from the specimens grown on MRS-agar, cultures were prepared and further incubated under above conditions formore 48 to72 hours. Utilizing direct observation, biochemical tests and ultimately PCR and sequencing the genus oflactobacillus spp. was discerned from the colonies grown on the surface. Following this step, the lactobacillus spp.were subjected to isolation and propagation. On the other hand, in a bid to test the effect of isolated lactobacillus onregular pathogens occurring in uterine infections, a certain number of afflicted bitches beings referred to medical clinicsexisting all over Alborz province were selected for obtaining specimens of uterine secretions. In continuation, the degreeof created inhibition zone resulting from separate proximity of lactobacilli and antibiogram discs with main isolatedpathogens including Staphylococcus intermedius, E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcusaureus and Trueperella were compared. The fndings demonstrated that the Lactobacilli had a signifcant effect ona multitude of pathogenic bacteria for the creation of inhibition zone from growth in laboratory conditions. Most ofisolated pathogens (83.3%) in the vicinity of 2.5µl of fresh culture medium of Lactobacillus showed susceptibility whichindicates a signifcant difference in comparison with susceptibility of all antibiogram discs under investigation (34.16%).In the light of acquired results in laboratory conditions (in vitro), it seems that the application of Lactobacillus spp. in bitchvagina as a preventive factor from uterine infections or as a factor for mitigating the disposition to such infections shouldalso be surveyed under clinical conditions which might possibly be a suitable replacement for antibiotic treatments.

Heavy metals may accumulate in aquatic animals’ organs and tissues such as liver, kidney, gills and muscles.As fsh muscle is important in human nutrition, its health is important. Metals are considered as non degradablesubstance and one of major environmental pollutants, those negative effects may cause cytotoxicity, mutation andcarcinogenicity in animals. The risk of heavy metal toxicities differs in each water resource and animal species.Toxicity of these metals is higher in soft waters compare with hard waters.In this present study, 44 samples of Psettodes erumei fsh were randomly collected from Boushehr’s waters. Then100 grams of pectoral muscle of each fsh dissected and got ready for atomic absorbtion measurement. The resultsof four heavy metals Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Chromium were registered in microgram per kilogram (ppb). Inpresent research, the maximum amount of metal was related to Zinc (138.5 ppb) and the minimums to Chromium(30 ppb). In the results, the highest / lowest levels for each metals are: Lead 0.124 / 0.037, Cadmium 0.090 / 0.019,Zinc 0.208 / 0.034 and Chromium 0.054 / 0.013 ppm in muscles and all were totally in safe limits of World HealthOrganization limits.

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) is an example of the herbs that has been under investigation of including lignin, fber, α-linolenic acid (ALA), omega-3, phytoestrogen and suggested to be used for the treatment of menopausal hot flashes, depression, decrease blood glucose levels, blood lipids level. Since estrogen is one of the factors in pregnancy and the normal concentration of this hormone during pregnancy is essential in the successful copletio. According to the high levels of phytoestrogens in flaxseed, the use of this plant in early pregnancy causes disturbances. That’s why, the effect of aqueous extract of flaxseed on fetal weight, placental weight and the number of hofbauer cell was determined. Nine groups of Balb/c, each includes ten adult females were selected. The experimental groups received (0.05،0.1،0.2،3.75،7.5،15، 21 mg/kg. b. w) of flaxseed. The control group received no medication, and the sham group received only distilled water. The samples were taken at 15 of gestation. Weight of Fetal, placental weight and the number of hofbauer cell measured and analyzed as well. The results were analyzed by Duncan, ANOVA and TUKY test between the control and experimental group. Weight of fetal and placenta in the experimental groups showed statistically signifcant decrease comparing with control group (P<0.05). Flaxseed probably caused decreasing in developmental of fetal and placenta. The increasing number of hofbauer cell confrmed that flaxseed is an external factor.

Arrestment of spermatogenesis in the recipient is an important step in spermatogonial stem cell transplantation.Studies have shown toxic effects of gentamicin on proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. Thepresent study was conducted to evaluate the effect of intratesticular administration of gentamicin on induction ofazospermia in mice. Twelve male mice were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: in control group,the mice received no treatment. In saline group, the mice received 0.02 ml saline intratesticularly. In gentamicingroup, the mice received 0.02 ml gentamicin (40 mg/ml) intratesticularly. Two months after treatment, the testeswere removed and their weight was recorded. Then, the specimens were fxed in 10% formalin solution, stainedand evaluated using light microscope. There was no difference among experimental groups in testicular weight andmortality (P> 0.05). Although germ cells were depleted in saline and gentamicin groups, spermatogenesis was notarrested in none of these groups based on histopathological examination. In conclusion, the results indicated thatintratesticular administration of gentamicin might not serve as an effective method for induction of azospermia inmice.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dicalsium phosphate on growthperformance, bony characteristics and intestinal microbial flora in broiler chickens. Dicalsium phosphate wasadded in 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 % to basal diet. A total of 200 Ross- 308 broiler chicks in 4 treatments and 5 replicates(with 10 birds in each replicate) in completely randomized design, reared for 42 days. The results showed thatall levels of dicalsium phosphate in diet of broiler chickens had a signifcant difference on daily weight gain andfnal weight compared to control group signifcantly (P>0.05). There was no signifcant difference between testand control groups as feed intake, but FCR was lower in test group signifcantly (P<0.05). In characteristics ofbone, the weight of the bones in test groups was signifcantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05).But the other characteristics (bone length, width bone, bone strength, bone ash) were not signifcant. Also, the testgroup had lower intestinal microbial flora signifcantly compared to controls group (P<0.05). Rate of intestinalmicrobial flora in treatments with 0.5 % dicalsium phosphate was less than the others. It can be concluded that thesupplementation of diet with dicalsium phosphate has positive effects on broilers performance.