نشریه تحقیقات تمثیلی در زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 46 (زمستان 1399)

"Practical wisdom" is knowing good and bad in human behavior, and awareness of behavioral should and should not. In practical wisdom the emphasis is more on ethics, prudence and cultivation, everything is limited to human and does not include non-human, man's optional tasks are greate value, and attempt is made to show the ways of being human. Indeed Practical wisdom is a set of should and should not that related to ethics and politic and mystical thoughts. Practical wisdom has been noticed because it is the way to human bliss so ethical teaching has been a major part of the concept of poetry and poets have played an important role in promoting ethical virtues that each of them has dealt with it in a specific way. Allegory is one of the methods that mystical poets, especially Sanai and Molavi, use to turn the audience's mind to it.  And in this way, they put lights in front of human examples of practical wisdom for cultivation and ethical progress. This research is intended to discuss and compare some examples of practical wisdom regarding their similarities and differences  in the form of allegory in the poetry of Sanai and Masnavi Molavi. Reviews show that Sanai's ethical system is based on religion, but Molavi despite adherence to r eligion is largly influenced by Sufi thought and he has a mystical approach to ethical issues. Sanai  lights the lamp of wisdom  and respects knowledge and practice  to move towards bliss and Molana even accepts mind and knowledge, considers love and follow the mystic as the way to bliss.

One of the literary types is an allegory. In the history of Persian literature, many poets and writers have chosen allegory as a template to express their thoughts and ideas. The allegory born of imagery and imagery is the product of the strong imagination of a poet or writer and even of a nation. Allegory in Persian is structurally divided into two parts: descriptive (short or concise) and narrative (broad). Narrative allegory has more than one form of the story that includes human, animal, fable, etc. anecdotes, and descriptive allegory consists of one or more sentences, some of which are: allegorical simile, equation style, allegory, and allegorical metaphor. In this descriptive article, by analyzing the manuscript of Mirza Ahmad Motavali Bashi, one of the poets of the Qajar era and the period of literary return, he searches for different types of narrative and descriptive allegories in his poems and how they are used and the types of allegories used in his poetry collection. We express.

The existence of distinguished imagery in poems of great poets represents their power in fantasizing and allegory is one of the illustrative elements of poetry and Imagery. Allegory is one of the most important topics which has been talked about a lot both in primitive and contemporary rhetoric. In ancient books, it has been considered as a compound simile and allegory metaphor, while in modern times, it is a subset of the subject of image and imagination. In terms of the structure of Persian allegories, It consists of two parts: descriptive and narrative allegory; narrative allegory includes stories of human and animal, symbolic stories, fable, parable, etc. Descriptive allegory usually does not go beyond one or more sentences, and its most important types are allegorical metaphor, allegorical simile, proverb, and Oslub-e-Moadeleh (techniques of sameness). In this article, we are attempting to study and search for the types of descriptive allegory and its examples in the poetry of Jalal Tabib Shirazi. He was a physician and a poet who lived in between Saadi's and Hafez's lifetime and variety of short allegories are prominent in his poetry. This research has been done through the library method and case study. Over the years, several articles have been published on allegory and its structure and types in Persian literature, but there has been no article about the types of short allegory in Jalal Tabib's poems.

Ebtehaj's social thought and concerns in connection with his literary aesthetic taste and his attachment to classical lyric poetry, especially Hafez's lyric poems, as well as the inflammatory political arena of the 1930s, gave him the color and smell of his words and poetry. He distinguishes himself as "Fereydoun Tavaloli" and "Rahi  Moayeri". Ebtehaj, who is a lyric poet, has also shown his ability in modern poetry, but the poet's aesthetic taste has enabled him to compose lyric poems that follow Hafez in various dimensions, Allegories,  including employing vocabulary and interpretations, intellectual themes and syntactic construction. The present research method is qualitative and descriptive. In this study, shadow lyric poems from the "Black Exercise" poetry book have been studied. Research findings show that one of the hallmarks of his poetry is symbolic expression and depiction, which is to some extent the re-creation of memorable symbols to express social issues such as lack of freedom and the existence of tyranny, pain and oppression that dominate the society of his time. This political style and atmosphere of the 1930s led him to social symbolism, and Hafez's linguistic and artistic methods and techniques in expressing socialism inspired the shadow. This type of recreating and following Hafez has been considered as a way to identify and score shadows. Ebtehaj has also been able to transform traditional mystical and romantic lyrical images and Conventional mystical allegories, symbols into symbols that convey the message of social issues and improve the quality and artistic level of his sonnets.

shahnameh is not the only birth certificate of persian language that is the mirror of religion, thought, and ideals of iran and persia. the name of namur, more than one millennium, is the secret of our culture. shahnameh is the creator and god of the letter. in the form of anecdotes, in the form of stories, as well as in the characters, as well as in the characters of zahhak, as well as the afrasiab, the divan, and the eternal. the author in this article tries to visualize some symbols and symbolism of this great book in front of the reader. to achieve these goals, the library method has been used.

TMystic poets recognize poetry as a means of expressing doctrinal and moral principles tolovers of the path of truth. Therefore, in order to understand the ambiguous terms ofphilosophy, logic and mysticism, they inevitably used literary industries such as simile,allusion, metaphor and allegory.Kholasat-ol-Haghaiegh Masnavi, of Najib-ol-Din Reza Tabrizi, It is one of the mystical andeducational works of the Safavid period that the poet has used high frequency allegory tofacilitate the understanding and teaching of religious, moral and mystical principles. Najib-ol-Din Reza is one of the poets of the 11th century, he believes in theDhahabiyadynasty and is a follower of Maulana Jalaluddin Balkhi.Since allegory is a literary element in the Indian style, the authors of this article try to use themethod of analyzing information and library resources to provide a variety of allegories suchas examples, Ersal-ol-masal, allegorical anecdotes and Qur'anic allegories, as well as, and Examine the cryptic anecdotes in this mystical-educational work.Studies show that this system is an allegorical work with mystical themes, which is the mostfrequent type of allegory in this work of allegorical anecdotes and proverbs, which have been used with the aim of educating man and guiding him to perfection.