مجله دیابت و متابولیسم ایران
سال بیستم شماره 2 (پیاپی 96، آذر و دی 1399)

Diabetes causes nerve tissue damage and ultimately death of nerve cells, especially in important areas such as the hippocampus. It seems that exercise training and anti-inflammatory supplements can moderate this condition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic training exercise and L-carnitine consumption on the levels of hippocampus CNTF and CNTFR proteins in diabetic rat.

45 Wistar rats between 250 to 300 gr were randomly divided into six groups, including healthy control groups, sham, diabetic control, diabetes + aerobic exercise, diabetes + L-carnitine supplementation and diabetes + aerobic exercise + L-carnitine supplementation. L-carnitine supplements were divided. Diabetic groups underwent subcutaneous injection of 55 mg / kg STZ. supplementary groups received 100 mg of L-carnitine per day orally. The aerobic exercise program was performed for 6 weeks and 5 days a week. The research variables were measured 24 hours after the last training session by the ELISA technics in the hippocampal tissue. The statistical method of one-way analysis of variance and Toki post –hoc test were used to analyze the data.

The present study showed an significant increase in CNTF and CNTFR protein levels of hippocampal tissue after aerobic exercise and L-carnitine consumption (P = 0.001), which greater effect found in combination manner.

Due to the effect of aerobic exercise and L-carnitine supplementation alone and in interaction with each other on hippocampal tissue, the use of this method can be considered as maintaining neural tissue in diabetes.

Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a pivotal role in the diabetic neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise with melatonin on RAGE gene expression and some indicators of oxidative stress in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain

Forty 8-week-old male Wistar rats (weight range 204 ± 11.3 g) were randomly divided into five of 8 groups including: diabetic neuropathy (50 mg / kg streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection), diabetic melatonin neuropathy (mg / kg 10 melatonin daily for 6 weeks), diabetic neuropathy exercise (30 minutes of aerobic exercise at 15 meters per minute, 5 days a week for 6 weeks), diabetes melatonin neuropathy and healthy exercise and control. After confirmation of diabetic neuropathy by behavioral tests, exercise protocol and supplementation were performed. RAGE gene expression was measured by real-time technique and oxidative stress indices in spinal cord tissue by spectrophotometer. One-way analysis of variance and Tukeychr('39')s post hoc test were used for statistical analysis.

Exercise and melatonin reduced the sensitivity of the nervous system to thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Aerobic exercise with melatonin significantly reduced RAGE gene expression and MAD concentration and increased the activity of SOD and CAT enzymes compared to the diabetic neuropathy group (P <0.05).

Aerobic exercise with melatonin modulates the expression of RAGE gene and oxidative stress indices and improves the sensitivity of nociceptors to pain factors. It is recommended to use aerobic exercise with melatonin for diabetics to reduce neuropathic pain.

Although some studies have studied the mechanism of action of beta cells in animal models and more or less in human populations, but so far the role of exercise therapy or exercise exercise HIIT with black grape supplementation on the expression of genes involved in pancreatic beta cells This study investigates the effect of black grape supplementation combined with intense intermittent exercise on Bcl-2 and Bax genes in pancreatic tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes.

The study was conducted in the form of an experimental design. The subjects of this project were 40 8-month-old male rats with an average weight of 250 grams. After familiarizing the subjects with exercise and induction of diabetes by STZ, the subjects were randomly divided into 5 groups including exercise, supplement, exercise and supplement, diabetic control and basic control. After 8 weeks of training, which was 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks, the activity was on a treadmill with an intensity of 90% Vo2max and supplementation with black grape seed extract. Bcl-2 and Bax genes were measured after RNA extraction from pancreas and cDNA synthesis. Bcl-2 and Bax genes were measured by Time-Real PCR. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and two-factor analysis of variance at the significance level of 0.05 by SPSS software version 24.

The results showed that the main effect of exercise had no significant effect on Bcl-2 gene expression. The main effect of the extract on the expression of this gene was significant. Also, the interaction between exercise and Bcl-2 supplementation was not significant. Regarding Bax gene expression, it was shown that the main effect of exercise on the gene was significant. The main effect of extract and interaction of exercise and supplementation on Bax gene expression was not significant. No significant changes were observed in the effect of exercise and extract on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes.

It seems that regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes through exercise and consumption of black grape seed extract is likely to improve and maintain pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic rats.

Inflammation is one of the main causes of obesity and type 2 diabetes due to obesity and can increase metabolic disorders. Because exercise and diet are effective in reducing inflammation, Hence, Present Study Examined the Effects Of 24 Weeks Interventions On IL-6 Index Changes in Obesity Type 2 Diabetic Men: Influenced by HIIT And Diet Regimes

In this study, 70 men (Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients) were randomly assigned into 7 groups (4 groups in different diet plus HIIT intervention and 3 groups only in different diet) that involved adherence to a 1,200 kcal/day for 1 week until 1,900 kcal/d diet for 24 weeks while participating in a supervised HIIT (12 week) followed with 4 weeks primarily diet regimes. Diet regimes consist of standard diet (50% CHO, 32% fat), low carbohydrate diet (25% CHO, 57% fat; 70% of 57% fat was unsaturated fat), low fat diet (67% CHO, 15% fat) and high fat (25% CHO, 57% fat; 50% of 57% fat was saturates fat), while protein was 18% for all groups. Anthropometrics and physiologies parameters, Body composition and fasting blood samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8, 14, 20 and 24 weeks. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis, one-way ANOVA test. Data are presented as mean±SD changes from baseline.

results indicated that between differences times wasn’t show significant different (F (5,315) =3.66; P=0.002; η2=0.055).  also results demonstrated that within groups changes interactions don’t show significant different (F (5,315) =1.61; P=0.025; η2=0.133). This results also revelated that maximum increase and decrease of IL-6 was in high fat diet (28.09±19.80) and low CHO+HIIT (-28.89±25.13) after 24 weeks interventions. maximum increase and decrease of IL-6 was in high fat diet (26.74±25.33) and low fat +HIIT (-32.11±29.17) After 12 weeks HIIT + diet interventions.

Results support contentions that different diet regimes and exercise were selectively affects Pro Inflammatory markers and that changes in low CHO and low fat plus HIIT and low CHO meals plus with HIIE may be benefit for obese type 2 diabetic patients

the present study aims at investigating the effect of Stress coping techniques and self-regulation strategies on the blood glucose level of diabetic patients.

  the research method was experimentally pretest – posttest with control group. this purpose, out of all those patients who had referred to the Diabetes Center of Bushehr City, 45 diabetic patients were selected randomly in two experiment groups (each with 15 patients) and one control group (with 15 patients) by purposeful sampling method with random replacement. The experimental groups were trained by the Stress coping techniques and self-regulation strategies in eight 90-minute sessions. In this study, the Accu-Chek Active Blood Glucose Meter was used to measure the blood glucose level. Data were analyzed by SPSS V.25. The follow-up phase was also carried out two months after the medical intervention.

the training in two ways of stress coping and self-regulation strategies has reduced the level of blood glucose among the diabetic patients (P = 0.0001) of which the impact has remained been stable over the time (P < 0.05). There is also a significant difference in the effect of the Stress coping techniques and self-regulation strategies on the blood glucose level of diabetic patients (P < 0.05) such that training the Stress coping techniques has more impact on reduction of blood glucose level of diabetic patients.

results show that training the Stress coping techniques and self-regulation strategies can significantly reduce the blood glucose level of diabetic patients and treat the diabetes effectively.

Diabetes is a common, chronic, and debilitating disease that affects millions of people worldwide, causing psychological, social and physical complications. Diagnosis of diabetes, new lifestyle and restrictive diet can pose many psychological problems, including depression for diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of anger, anger rumination and alexithymia in predicting symptoms of depression.

218 patients (94 males and 124 females) with type 1 and type 2 diabetes participated in the research and were asked to complete Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI), Anger Rumination Scale (ARS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS).

There was a positive and significant correlation between all the components of anger, anger rumination, and alexithymia with symptoms of depression, though the severity of the correlation in external anger (r=0/14**) and objective thinking (r=0/17**) was less than those of other components. Also, among the dimensions of anger, anger rumination, and alexithymia, anger arousal (p<0/05, B=0/20), angry afterthoughts (p<0/05, B=0/32), revenge thoughts (p<0/05, B=0/25), and difficulty identifying feelings (p<0/05, B=0/32) were able to predict the symptoms of depression in patients with diabetes.

Anger, anger rumination, and alexithymia play a major role in creating the depressive symptoms. Symptoms of depression increase the burden of the disease in patients with diabetes. Therefore, it is important to include these factors in treatment protocols and help patients with diabetes identify, describe, and express negative and positive emotions more efficiently so that they can cope with the complications of the disease better.