مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 176، تیر 1400)

Despite advances in the recognition of new risk factors, prevention, diagnosis and treatment, cancer is still remains as a global health problem. Several numbers of studies have recently provided evidence that because of having pro apoptotic effects, biotoxins such as bacterial toxins, could be used as potential antitumor agents. Staphylococcus aureus, as a major human pathogen, has various toxins, such as enterotoxin superfamily that causes apoptosis during infection. Therefore, it seems that there is a good research field for the use of this toxin in the control and treatment of malignancies.

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease. The clinical manifestations of this infection are different due to the involvement of different body systems. These include central nervous system (neurobrucellosis), which presents as meningitis, meningoencephalitis, cognitive-mental disorders and brain abscess.Our patient was a 59-year-old woman who presented with fever, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness 2 weeks prior to admission. A cerebrospinal fluid that was positive for brucellosis was diagnosed.The patient was treated with drugs effective in neuroblastosis and had an appropriate clinical response to treatment.Consider neurobrucellosis in endemic areas such as Iran in the patients with clinical manifestations of fever and vertigo who do not respond to routine treatment and other investigations, especially in a person with a history of exposure to brucellosis.

Behavioral immune systems allow organisms to detect the presence of disease-causing pathogens in their environment more immediately and engage in behaviors that prevent them from coming into contact with objects and individuals. There is extensive research linking behavioral immune systems to a variety of prejudices. These prejudices cause labeling and ultimately social stigma on these people. Therefore, the present study investigated the behavioral safety system and its unique effect on prejudice and stigmatization in people with infectious diseases.In this review study, the research literature was searched through Google Scholar and PubMed with the words "Behavioral Immune System, Prejudice, Stigmatization", and the relevant authorities were included in this study. Research has shown that people tend to associate illness with obesity, the manifestation of facial symptoms, physical disability, and foreign nationality in order to avoid becoming ill by predicting illness and thus overreacting to them. These reactions occur in many groups of people who do not actually have the contagious disease and are called a type of psychological allergy. These prejudicial reactions and labeling can cause social distress for these people and their long-term social isolation.

Disgust is triggered in response to pathogen-related stimuli and is associated with unique patterns of autonomic nervous system activity and neural activity, but in functional connections between anatomical structures, chemical neurological processes, and various cognitive and behavioral phenomena, the genetic structure is involved. Demonstrating behavioral immunity, there is not much information and more study is needed.

Minor head trauma is one of the common causes of pediatric reference to emergency ward. This study investigated the correlation between scalp hematoma,cranial fractures and intracranial lesions in children presenting with minor head traumata.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data gathering were done in 2016-17. All children under 18 years of age (933 individuals) who referred to Shahid Rahnemoun Pediatric Emergency Center in Yazd with a complaint of minor head trauma and underwent a CT scan according to American Academy Criteria were included in the study. The mean age of the children was 11.67 years. CT scan of 209 patients (%22.41) reported scalp hematoma. A radiologist who did not have any information about the study was asked to interpret the CT scans using a predesigned checklist. Finally, the data were encoded into an Excel file and statistically analyzed by STATA10 software using Chi-square test and logistic regression.

The scalp hematoma was significantly related to intraventricular hemorrhage (P<0.001), subarachnoid hemorrhage (P<0.001), intracerebral hemorrhage (P<0.001), cerebral edema (P<0.001), subepidural hemorrhage (P<0.001), cerebral concussion (P<0.001), cerebral shift (P<0.001), pneumocephalus (P<0.001), and cranial fracture (P<0.001); however, scalp hematoma was not significantly related to diffuse axonal injury (P=0.27).

Our findings confirmed the importance of presence of scalp hematoma in clinical assessment of children with minor head trauma aged less than 18 years. It is recommended that children with minor head trauma be treated and evaluated more in the emergency department more vigilantly and meticulously.

TNF-α/NF-kB signaling pathway plays an important role in promoting the inflammatory process and growth of breast cancer. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the synergistic combination effect of endurance exercise with curcumin on breast cancer progression through TNF-α/NF-kB signaling axes in female BALB/c mice with breast cancer.

The design of the present study was experimental. After transplanting 4T1 breast cancer into the right flank of 40 BALB/c mice, all mice were randomly divided into four groups, including endurance training (E), endurance training-curcumin (EC), curcumin (CC), and control (C). Then, E and EC groups (5 days per week) were performed for 5 weeks. Curcumin (6 times per week) was given by gavage to EC and CC groups for five weeks. The intratumoral expression of TNF-α and NF-kβ were measured using the qRT-PCR method. One-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test with SPSS version 16 were used for statistical analysis. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

A significant decline in cancer growth and the gene expression of NF-kβ and TNF-α was observed in E, CC, and EC compared to the C group (P =0.001). Furthermore, a significant decline in expression of both genes was observed in EC compared with E.

Endurance training combined with curcumin supplementation has a more effective role in reducing TNF-α and NF-κβ, and slowing the growth of breast cancer cells when compared with either of other interventions alone.

Physiological hypertrophy of the heart is dependent on cellular pathways and important proteins such as the ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) and  eukaryotic translation intiation factor4E-binding protein-1(4EBP1). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training on ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 in the left ventricle of the heart of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide.

In this experimental study, 12 two-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean weight of 270±20 g were selected. After diabetic induction with streptozotocin and Nicotinamide, rats were randomly assigned to two groups, training diabetic and control diabetic (6 heads in group each). The training group performed endurance training 4 days a week for 8 weeks according to the training program; while the control group did not have any training program. Also, rats did not receive any insulin treatment during the study period. Protein content was measured using the Western blot method. The Independent t-test and SPSS software version 16 was used to analyze the data.

Eight weeks of endurance training resulted in a significant increase in S6K1 protein content (P=0.001); There was also a significant increase in 4EBP1 protein content in the endurance training group compared to the control (P=0.0001).

Eight weeks of endurance training resulted in a significant increase in S6K1 and 4EBP1 proteins in the hearts of diabetic subjects; activation of these proteins may regulate protein synthesis and cardiac hypertrophy.

Foot pronation can lead to different lower limb injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term training on sand on ankle joint co-contraction in individuals with pronated feet during walking.

The present study was a randomised controlled clinical trial type. Statistical samples of the present study included 15 males with excessive pronated feet in the control group and 15 males with excessive pronated feet in the experimental group which was selected with available sampling. During both pre and post-test, muscle activities were recorded by an 8-channel electromyography system during walking. The eight weeks training on sand (3 sessions per week) was only done in the experimental group. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measure test was used for statistical analysis at the significant level of P<0.05.

The results demonstrated greater ankle directed co-contraction during post-test compared with the pre-test in the experimental group (p=0.034). Other components of ankle co-contraction did not demonstrate any significant differences during post-test compared with pre-test (P>0.05).

It seems that an increase in directed ankle joint contraction due to sand training may be associated with improvement in ankle joint stability. Further study is warranted.

Dental school clinics are one of the places where patients go to treatment. The importance of paying attention to patient’s satisfaction with the quality of health care has an effective role in management planning in health care systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patientschr('39') satisfaction with dental services presented at the School of Dentistry and Educational Clinics of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, Iran.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 770 patients referring to Yazd Dental School and specialized medical centers in Yazd in 2017. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software, t-test, using ANOVA and Chi-square tests.

The mean age of the patients was 45.86 ± 4.23. The mean total satisfaction score was 56.06 ± 4.68. Overall patient satisfaction with the services provided in three centers showed that, 105 patients (13.8%) were very dissatisfied, 154 (20.1%) were dissatisfied, 327 (42.6%) were satisfied, and 184 (23.5%) were very satisfied. There was no statistically significant difference among the satisfaction score, sex, and age group (P value> 0.05). There was a significant relationship among satisfaction score, and educational level, marital status and place of residence (P<0.05).

The results of this study indicate that the satisfaction of patients with the services provided by Dental School of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciencesand specialized education clinics dependent to Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences is relatively favorable.