مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 175، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1400)

Despite the high costs of infertility treatment and the lack of access to advanced treatment for many couples, the role of infertility in the occurrence of psychological and social problems can also be mentioned. Considering the possible effects of vitamin D on the characteristics of sperm, a purposeful relationship between these two categories can be of great help to the community health system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of vitamin D in patients with spermogram disorder and compare it with the control group.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 114 patients were divided into two groups of 57 controls and infertile in the age range of 20 to 59 years and the infertile group were men with fertility disorders.The control group included fertile men with at least one child under the age of 5. Spermograms and levels of vitamin-D and hormonal factors such as LH and FSH, testosterone in both control and infertile groups were evaluated and comparisons were made between the two groups.

Sperm count parameters and sperm motility and sperm shape Vitamin D were a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.001). It was also found that vitamin D had a significant and direct correlation with testosterone in the patient group (P = 0.001).

These results suggest the possible relationship between vitamin D and sperm quality in men. Therefore, treatment of vitamin D deficiency in men can be a solution to reduce infertility disorder in men.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common and challenging disorders in childhood and adolescence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapy on executive functions, behavioral problems and clinical symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

This experimental study was performed by measuring quarterly follow-up with two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Participants were matched by Purposive sampling method based on their level of intelligence and type of disorder. The psychotherapy group received medication daily for 12 weeks. Participants were assessed using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Fourth Edition Scale to assess the clinical signs of ADHD, the College Neuropsychological Test to assess executive function, and the Rutterform Behavioral Problems Self-Report Scale. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) has been used to test the research hypotheses.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in all post-test variables of executive functions, behavioral problems and clinical symptoms and their components (P≤0.05).

According to the results, it seems that drug therapy is an effective intervention to treat the mentioned variables.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of systematic desensitization and expressive desensitization on general anxiety and exam anxiety in students.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and the statistical population was all high school students referred to a private psychology clinic in Mashhad in the first half of 2020 (suffering from generalized anxiety disorder with comorbid exam anxiety disorder) using the Cochran statistical formula 20 people with systematic desensitization method and 20 people with expressive desensitization method and 20 people in the control group were randomly assigned. The treatment was performed in 11 sessions of 90 minutes, weekly and individually for all individuals (except the control group) by the first author (with 8-month follow-up). Measurement tools included the Beck-II Anxiety and the Sarason exam Anxiety Questionnaires. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS-23 software.

Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that systematic desensitization and expressive desensitization methods were effective in improving exam anxiety in the post-test and follow-up phase (8 months) (p <0.001) and also between the two experimental groups in post-test and follow-up scores (8 months) exam anxiety did not show a significant difference (p> 0.05). The results also showed that the expressive desensitization method significantly improved the general anxiety among subjects (p <0.001), but there was not observed a significant difference between the two groups of systematic desensitization and control group in the post-test and follow-up scores (8 months) (p <0.05).

expressive desensitization is an effective and new way to improve general anxiety disorder with and without correlation of exam anxiety.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune, inflammatory, chronic, and progressive disease in which the immune system attacks nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, damaging the myelin sheath and axons of these cells, resulting in a lack of proper conduction of nerve messages in the nervous system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term psychotherapy on psychological distress and intolerance of uncertainty in women with multiple sclerosis referred to the MS Society of Tehran.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test-control group and quarterly follow-up. The statistical population of this study was women with MS who referred to the MS Society of Tehran for counseling and treatment. Screening was performed based on related scales and 45 women with MS were selected by purposive and random sampling. Subjects were then randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The experimental group underwent psychotherapy for 8 sessions of 50 minutes and the control group was placed on a waiting list. Data analysis using SPSS software version 27 and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed.

Short-term psychotherapy is effective on psychological helplessness and uncertainty tolerance of women with MS (P <0.05) and these results were maintained in the quarterly follow-up.

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that short-term psychotherapy treatment improves psychological helplessness and tolerance of uncertainty in women with MS.

Moderate-intensity exercise boosts immune system, while intense exercise can reduce the immune system function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ginseng supplementation on immune system function indices after exhaustive aerobic exercise.   

In this semi-experimental study, 20 active male students with the mean age of 21.8±2.5 years were randomly divided into experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. Subjects of the experimental and control groups respectively received 1036 mg of ginseng supplement or placebo (dextrose) daily for ten days. All subjects were participated in the aerobic shuttle run test after supplementation period. SerumIgA, IgG, IgM and cortisol levels were measured in three phases; baseline, after supplementation and after aerobic exercise test. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA.

There were no significant differences in serum levels of IgA (P=0.73), IgG (P=0.86), IgM (P=0.42) and cortisol (P=0.96) between experimental and control groups following exhaustive aerobic exercise test.

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that short-term ginseng supplementation has no effect on the response of immune system function indices to exhaustive aerobic exercise in young males.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on sexual self-efficacy, marital satisfaction and early maladaptive schemas in couples with marital conflict.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included women referring to counseling clinics in Rasht. The sampling method was simple screening and random in which 30 people were selected and equally divided into experimental and control groups. Data collection tools were Vaziri and Lotfi Kashani Sexual Self-Efficacy Scale (2013), Enrich Marital Satisfaction (Favers and Olson, 1989), the short version of Young's Early maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (1989) and the Sanai and Barati Marital Conflict Scale (2000). After the pretest, the treatment schema was performed for the experimental group and the control group was placed on a waiting list without receiving any medical intervention.

Data analysis using analysis of covariance showed that schema therapy is effective on sexual self-efficacy, marital satisfaction and early maladaptive schemas in couples with marital conflicts (p < strong> <0.05).

Schema therapy can be considered by combining couple therapy in designing treatment courses as well as making decisions in order to strengthen the family in counseling and family therapy centers. Key words: Schema therapy, sexual self-efficacy, marital satisfaction, early maladaptive schemas, marital conflict

Pain assessment and control are essential parts of the treatment of children admitted to the intensive care unit. Moreover, the connection between pain and its physiological/ psychological effects is important. This study aims to evaluate the pain caused by endotracheal tube suctioning in mechanically ventilated children admitted to the intensive care unit.

This study was performed on 50 hospitalized children who were under mechanical ventilation. In these patients, the pain was assessed according to FLACC pain criteria and physiologic indices before and after endotracheal tube suctioning following the standard suction protocol. Patients were divided based on the overall pain score as no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, and severe pain.   

In summary, the average age of the patients was approximately 34 months, and 70% (n = 35) were male. Respiratory diseases (30%, n =15) were the most common initial diagnosis. According to FLACC pain criteria, the frequency and severity of the pain increased after endotracheal tube suctioning (p-value <0.05). The relation between increasing pulse rate, respiration rate, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure with enhancing distribution and pain level after suction is meaningful (P-value <0.001). Also, the patients with higher pain scores received lower doses of analgesic drugs by continuous infusion (P-value <0.05).    

Endotracheal tube suctioning is a painful intervention and patients are distressed following it. Therefore, pain assessment methods and pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods to control the resulting pain are recommended.

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common progressive and progressive diseases of brain cells, which is associated with psychological damage such as insomnia and Agitation. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Ecotherapy on insomnia and Agitation in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group. From the statistical population of patients with Alzheimer's disease in mild to moderate levels referred to clinics and Alzheimer's Association of Tehran province, 20 people were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research questionnaires included Morin's insomnia (1993) and Cohen-Mansfield's Agitation (1986). Ecotherapy was administered to the experimental group for ten sessions. The research data were analyzed using covariance.

The results of covariance analysis showed that post-test scores of insomnia and Agitation of patients with Alzheimer's in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group (P≤0 / 005).

In order to improve the insomnia and Agitation of patients with Alzheimer's disease, nature and its treatment techniques can be used.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of response therapy and mind reading therapy training on children's social skills Autism was performed. The research method in this study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study was children with autism in an autistic children center located in the city of Al-Hijan. The sample consisted of 45 children aged 6 to 13 years with autism who were selected by simple random sampling from the statistical population. Data collection tool was Gersham and Elliott (1990) Social Skills Questionnaire by Coaches completed. After the pre-test, children with autism were randomly divided into three groups (ie, two groups) Experimental and a control group (15 people were replaced. Then the mind reading concepts training group for 10 sessions And response-oriented treatment group underwent individual training for 7 sessions. Upon completion of the interventions, post-test to Action was taken. Data analysis using covariance analysis statistical test revealed response-based therapy and treatment Mind-reading affects the social skills of children with autism, and mind-reading therapy is more responsive to treatment therapy It is more effective in the amount of social skills components (P <0.01.) The use of these two therapies to Therapists, psychologists and educators recommended for educating autistic children.

 Research has shown that the treatment of self-awareness can reveal new dimensions of the relationship between mind and body. Therefore; The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy on adolescents' emotion regulation skills.

 The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study is all male students in the first year of high school in the 13th district of Tehran in 1397; Among them, 40 students were selected by purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 20 in the control and experimental groups. The research instruments included the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnewski, Kreich and Spinhaum (2001). Analysis of covariance and repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSS software version 25 were used to analyze the data.

  The results showed that mindfulness treatment was effective on emotion regulation and was statistically significant (P≥0.001). Also, the effect of treatment in the follow-up stage remained constant (P 000.001).

 It seems that mindfulness intervention can affect the emotion variable.

Medical malpractice is an act committed by a medical or healthcare professional who deviates from the standards in his or her profession and causes harm to the patient. Meanwhile, medical malpractice in the field of obstetrics and gynecology includes a wide range of complaints against physicians, and prevention of this type of malpractice requires an understanding of its epidemiology. In this study, medical errors in gynecology and obstetrics departments of Jahrom city were investigated.

A cross-sectional-descriptive study was conducted to investigate medical errors related to referral cases to Jahrom Forensic Medicine Organization in the gynecology and obstetrics departments between 2002 and 2018. The method of data collection was based on the questionnaire and the use of the information in the files in the medical commission of the General Directorate of Forensic Medicine of Jahrom city. The data were analyzed in SPSS software.

Sixteen complaints have been lodged against Obstetrician and gynecologist specialists in the evaluated period; Of the 14 cases (82.35%) related to childbirth, 1 case (5.88%) was related to genital infection and 1 case (5.88%) was related to breast tumor. The average age of the plaintiffs was 29.81. The youngest complainant was 24 years old and the oldest was 45 years old. Votes issued for 9 cases (52.94%) of complaints leading to failure to prove negligence, 3 cases (17.64%) indicating negligence of obstetrician and gynecologist, 2 cases (11.76%) of the ban on prosecution due to the time, 1 case (5.88%) resulted in a written cautation to gynecologist and 1 case (5.88%) resulted in the plaintiff's consent to the obstetrician. There were three cases of negligence, one involving the placement of surgical instruments during a cesarean section, one involving the death of a baby during childbirth, and one involving the absence of a diagnosis of a breast tumor.

Most of the medical malpractice charges in cases against obstetricians and gynecologists are related to labor management. This demonstrates the need to provide courses based on complex cases leading to complaints for the obstetrics and gynecology department.

lack of adequate education on issues related to marriage and insufficient information of couples are that may cause many problems in couples' lives. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of premarital education through the method of awareness program and interpersonal selection and multidimensional indigenous approach on anxiety / avoidance of attachment and differentiation in individuals seeking marriage.

The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population included all people who referred to the Center for Sustainable Life seeking marriage in Arak in 2020, and among them 60 people were randomly selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups of interpersonal knowledge and selection program (20 people), group Indigenous training (20 people) and control group (20 people) were included. Content of premarital education sessions based on the principles and techniques of the Interpersonal Awareness and Selection Program (PICK) were two weekly sessions of 90 minutes and multidimensional indigenous training in 10 sessions of 40 minutes. Data collection tools were Hazan and Shaver Adult Attachment Questionnaire (1987) and Scuron Differentiation Questionnaire (2000). Analysis of covariance test using SPSS software version 22 was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of premarital education through knowledge program and interpersonal choice and the multidimensional indigenous approach on attachment anxiety / avoidance of attachment and differentiation in marriage seekers.

According to the results, it seems that both treatments are equally effective on attachment anxiety / avoidance of attachment and differentiation.

Exercise activities increase the proteins, enzymes and mitochondrial functions in humans and animal samples. The purpose of this study was comparison of 12-weeks high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous training (CT) on mitochondrial proteins of AMPK and ERRα in gastrocnemius muscle in elderly rats. In this study 36 elderly Wistar rats 18 months (250-350g) were randomly divided into three groups: HIIT, CT, and control group. Exercise in the HIIT group was started in the first week of 16 minutes (2 minutes at 85-90% VO2max and 2 minutes’ recovery period at 45-50% VO2max), which reached 28 minutes in the 12th week. The training program in the CT group was 30 minutes (at 65-70% VO2max) and was reached to 60 minutes in the 12th week. The expression levels of AMPK and ERRα proteins in gastrocnemius muscles were assessed by Western blot method. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The protein expression of AMPK was significantly increased in the HIIT (P<0.001) and CT (P<0.01) group compared to control group. Also, the proteins of AMPK were significantly increased in the HIIT group compared to CT group (P<0.05). The expression of Tfam was significantly increased in the HIIT group (P<0.01) and CT group (P<0.05) compared to the control group. HIIT compared to CT has a greater increase in expression of AMPK and ERRα proteins in the gastrocnemius muscle of elderly rats.

 Steroid drugs have become popular among young people, especially among athletes with the aim of strengthening muscles and increasing physical fitness. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of propolis and chicory consumption during eight weeks of resistance training on some indicators of liver tissue apoptosis in female mice consuming testosterone enanthate.

Methods and Materials: 

In this experimental study, 40 female mice aged 8 weeks and weighing 200 g were prepared from Institut Pasteur (Iran). Mice were randomly divided into 5 groups after 1 week of introduction 1) control (n = 8), 2) exercise (n = 8), 3) testosterone + exercise (n = 8), 4) testosterone + exercise + Propolis (n = 8) and 5) testosterone + exercise + chicory (n = 8). Eight-week resistance training protocol (24-step ladder with weights), five days of training per week with two days of rest per week, in which weights were 40% of female rats' body weight in the first week and 20% of body weight was added every week and two sessions per week, weighing was performed. Injection of steroids (Testosterone Enanthate at a dose of 20 mg) three times a week and the use of cleansers, propolis (400 mg per kg of body weight) in the form of gavage and chicory (6 g per kg of body weight) in the form of injections three times done per week.

 Testosterone injection resulted in a significant increase in liver BAX gene expression in trained female rats. Also, BCL-2 gene expression decreased in liver tissue due to testosterone consumption, which was not significant. Chicory and propolis significantly reduced liver tissue BAX gene expression, BCL-2 gene expression increased liver tissue, which was not statistically significant.

 It can be thought that testosterone consumption causes apoptosis in liver cells, which may lead to liver disease in resistance-trained rats, which use cleansers (chicory and propolis) by lowering BAX and increasing BCL-2 liver tissue and somehow inhibit apoptosis may play a protective role.

Corona crisis has attracted the attention of all educational environments such as universities, schools and organizations for e-learning, but the quality of e-learning and its results, such as learning and academic motivation must also be considered. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of problem-based e-learning on the learning and motivation of medical students in coronary conditions.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. From the statistical population of medical students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 32 students were selected using available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was exposed to problem-oriented e-learning for two months and the e-learning group was directly exposed to the control group. A researcher-made learning questionnaire and academic motivation (Vallerend et al., 1989) were used. Research findings were analyzed using covariance.

The results showed that the average learning and academic motivation of the experimental group increased from 6.81 and 69.56 in the pre-test stage to 17.50 and 92.31 in the post-test stage, respectively. The results of analysis of covariance showed that after removing the effect of pretest, the mean scores of posttest of the two groups were statistically significant (p≥0.005).

The results of this study showed that the use of e-learning's problem-Based approach in coronary conditions can be effective in increasing the learning and academic motivation of medical students.

Shigella is a gram-negative intestinal bacillus whose infections have caused serious problems in developed and developing countries. The prevalence of Shigella infections is very low due to the low dose of pathogenicity of this bacterium as well as its easy transmission from one person to another and also the indirect contamination of people through the consumption of contaminated food and water. Objective of isolation of Shigella sonnei from children's feces, Effect and isolation of spring grass extract, Molecular isolation of tetracycline genes by multiplex PCR, Effect of extract on tetracycline gene expression by multiplex PCR.

Out of 60 Shigella sonnei strains isolated from children with diarrhea after isolation of strains on different media and MacConkey Agar (MAC) medium in terms of shape and color of colonies were examined and recorded. First, the DNA of each sample was extracted by a DNA extraction kit, and after extraction, the DNA of the template was amplified by PCR. To investigate the effect of antibiotic resistance of spring grass to the extracted gene resistant to tetracycline, MIC of plant extract on different concentrations of Shigella sonnei was investigated. Strains with tetracycline-resistant genes were treated with MIC, using both treatment and non-treatment groups, and after incubation for 18 hours, stationary lag log was performed using RNA extraction kit x plus RNA extraction. Then, using RT-PCR ABI plus device, the expression of tet A and tet B genes in the treated and untreated groups under the influence of spring grass extract was read quantitatively (numerically) CT and the expression of the gene under the influence of treatment was interpreted.

Shigella sonnei isolated results showed a high percentage of the highest resistance to streptomycin, Nalidixic acid, tetracycline and ampicillin and chloramphenicol with 100%, 100%, 86.7%, 91.8% and 50%. Also, the highest sensitivity to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin was observed with 85% and 86.6%, respectively. Multiple PCR results showed that out of all 60 Shigella sonnei isolates, 3 isolates had only tetB gene (5%) and 55 isolates had tetA gene (91.6%).

The results of Fisher test indicate that there was a significant relationship between tetA genes and antibiotic resistance at 5% error level (p-value <0.05). The results showed that at the 5% error level there was no significant relationship between tetB genes and antibiotic resistance (p-value = 0.05). The results showed that at the 5% error level, there was no significant relationship between positive and negative genes of all genes with antibiotic resistance (p-value <0.05).

HIV-TB co-infection is a major public health threat. HIV complicates every aspect of TB including presentation. The aim of this study was the assessment of some epidemiologic factors HIV-TB co-infection in patients referred to the infection- behavioral disorders center of Mashhad (2002-2012)

In this cross-sectional study, demographic information includes age, sex, occupation, residence, educational level, marital status, nationality, history of the prison, addiction and sex were gathered. Charts and Figures of drowned.

119 patient’s HIV/ AIDS was determined, 60 (%50/4) had HIV-TB co-infection, % 85 male and %15 female, Iranian. % 90 urban, %10 rural areas. %3.3 under 20 years, % 35 were 21-30 years, % 28/3 were 31-40 years, %30 were 41-50 years and %3.3 over 50 years of age. % 81 were married and %18.3 were single. %31.7 unemployed, % 26.7 were workers, % 25 were freelance job and % 16.7 were free-retired (students, men, and housewives). %73/3 had a history of the prison. %60 were literate and 40% were illiterate, %38/3 had suspicious sex. %81/7 had a history of addiction, %100 had shared needles.

The majority of people infected with HIV-TB in Khorasan Razavi are men, young ،people aged 21-30 years and unemployed, prison, drug addicts and suspicious sex. Control and eradication of diseases such as AIDS and tuberculosis require national commitment and cooperation of various government and non-governmental institutions.

Field research, especially in relation to the increase of violence in society and especially among adolescents and its consequences at the community level can have great achievements; Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the contexts and consequences of violence in adolescents referring to health centers in Mashhad.

This research was conducted with qualitative methodology and in the field of grounded theory in 1398 in Mashhad. Participants in this study were 17 male students in whom violent behaviors were observed, who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using open, axial and selective coding steps.

After analyzing and coding the data based on the approach of Strauss and Cobain Grand Theory, 20 categories were extracted which were classified into three dimensions: causal, contextual and intervening as well as outcome. The process of creating and reproducing violence was explained.

It seems that the categories and dimensions in this study explain the processes of reproduction of violence and in this regard it can be used for related research.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a debilitating anxiety disorder. These schemas are not always active and their effects are not tangible; But when they are activated, the person engages in coping styles to reduce the unpleasant emotions that result from it and is placed in a state called mindfulness. Schema therapy assumes that what ultimately has little to do with the various symptoms of psychopathology are maladaptive mindsets. According to studies can be found that it is possible to use early maladaptive schemas to explain the symptoms of psychopathology. Therefore, incompatible mindsets must play a mediating role between early incompatible schemas and signs. Early parent-child relationships and traumatic childhood events have played a significant role in the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder; So, The aim of this study was to explain the mediating role of dysfunctional parental schematic mentality between early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This study was performed using a descriptive-correlational research method and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all people with obsessive-compulsive disorder who had referred to medical and counseling centers in Tehran in 1397.   In this study, the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, the Schematic Mindset Questionnaire and the revised Algebraic Obsessive Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using spss.22 and AMOS.22 software. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The results showed that the direct path coefficient between the first domain to the dysfunctional parent (p < /em><0.001, β=0.46) was positive and significant, and the path coefficients between the fifth domain to the dysfunctional parent (p < /em><0.001, β=0.79), the first domain to an inefficient coping (p < /em><0.001, β=0.28); the fifth domain to an inefficient coping (p < /em>=0.002, β=0.30), dysfunctional parent to Obsessive-compulsive disorder (p < /em><0.001, β=0.54) and dysfunctional coping with obsessive-compulsive disorder (p < /em><0.001, β=0.33) (β=0.33) were positive and significant.  Also, schematic mentality of dysfunctional parents played a mediating role in the effects of early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder (RMSEA=0.045, AGFI= 0.94)

Based on the findings of this study, the schematic mentality of dysfunctional coping has a mediating role between early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the most common psychological disorders that has a great impact on the performance and quality of life of patients. The study was conducted to predict adjustment based on tolerance for ambiguity and perfectionism among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The research method was correlation with forecasting approach and regression design. From the statistical population of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder referring to counseling centers in District 4 of Tehran, 150 people were selected as a sample using a multi-stage random method. Research tools included adaptability (Spanier, 1976), ambiguity intolerance (Freiston et al., 1994), perfectionism (Terry Short & et al., 1995). The research data were analyzed using SPSS and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression.

The results of correlation coefficient showed that marital adjustment with ambiguity tolerance (r = -0.35, p = 0.001) and perfectionism (r = 0.35, p = 0.001) had significant correlation. have. The results of regression also showed that perfectionism with beta coefficient of 0.31 can predict the marital adjustment of obsessive patients more than the intolerance of ambiguity with beta multiplication of 0.22 and also 17% variance related to marital adjustment, based on tolerance. Ambiguity and perfectionism are explained.

adjustment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder can be predicted using intolerance and ambiguity. Therefore, by improving the intolerance of ambiguity and perfectionism of obsessive-compulsive patients, their compatibility can be strengthened.

Considering the importance of brain structures and functional systems in psychopathology and considering the research gap in comparing brain / behavioral systems, this study aimed to compare brain / behavioral systems in cardiovascular patients, individual’s Compulsive obsessions and ordinary people were performed.

The research method was applied in terms of purpose and 2-comparative in terms of implementation method. Data from 150 people including 50 healthy people, 50 cardiovascular patients referring to Tehran medical sciences hospitals for medical examinations in Tehran and 50 obsessive-compulsive patients referring to psychology and psychiatric clinics in Tehran in 1397 Was collected. Research samples using the method in Doss were reduced. The Gary-Wilson personality questionnaire was used as a research tool. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc test.

Analysis of variance showed that there was a difference between the dimensions of brain / behavioral systems in cardiovascular patients, obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal people (p≥0.01). Post hoc test showed that in the components of passive avoidance, the group of heart patients was more than obsessive and in the components of active avoidance, extinction, war, escape, escape / avoidance system, the group of obsessive was more than the other group Was (p≥0.05). In the component of behavioral activation system, heart patients were more than normal people, but this difference was not significant with the group of obsessive-compulsive patients.

Cardiovascular disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder have a significant relationship and can be appropriate components in psychological analysis of the occurrence of these disorders.

Intensive and short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) is one of the effective treatments for personality disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ISTDP on reducing the symptoms and defensive mechanisms of obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders.

The present study is an experimental research with a single experimental design (A-B-A). The statistical population of the present study consisted of all individuals with personality disorders, Tehran who referred to two psychology clinics in Tehran in 2019. Among the above statistical population, 6 people were diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders based on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID-II) based on the on DSM-5 criteria were selected by purposive sampling method. The instruments used in this study were: Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III), Defensive Mechanisms Questionnaire-40 and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID). In addition, ISTDP protocol was applied to the research sample according to the Davanlo (1995, 2000) approach for 15 sessions once a week and each session for one hour. Subjects were assessed after baseline assessment, once every 3 sessions, and after the treatment sessions, 3 follow-up assessments were performed at one-month intervals. Data were analyzed using eye charts and Friedman test and version 24 of SPSS software.

The results showed that ISTDP reduces the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders (p <0.05). Also, this treatment was significant in reducing, immature and neurotic defensive mechanisms and Increasing mature defensive mechanisms in individuals with obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders (p <0.05).

According to the findings, it can be concluded that ISTDP has a significant effect on reducing the symptoms and defensive mechanisms of obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Psychodrama and Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Students' Depression with Social Anxiety Disorder.

Among students referred to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences counselling center. 60 students were selected through purposeful sampling in this quasi-experimental study and randomly divided into three groups of Psychodrama (N=20), Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment (N=20) and control group (N=20). All participants were evaluated before and after the intervention and three months after the end of intervention. Beck Depression Inventory (1996) (BDI-II) were used for data collection. Data analyzed by SPSS-21 software using Mixed Variance analysis.

The results showed that both theatrical and group therapy approaches based on acceptance and commitment had a significant difference in reducing depression compared to the control group. (% 5) P

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that theater therapy and group therapy based on acceptance and commitment have a significant effect on depression in people with social anxiety disorder.

Physiological changes in the cardiovascular system occur gradually with age These changes cause cardiovascular disease, which is a major cause of death in the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intermittent and resistance training on mitochondrial biogenesis of cardiac myocytes in elderly rats.

30 -old rats 23-month weighing 437.2 g were randomly divided into 3 groups: 10, intermittent training (IT), high intensity resistance training (HIRT) and control group (C). Were divided. High-intensity ladder resistance training (80% of MVCC), and intermittent training with 40 to 80% of maximum speed started from the first week and continued with 30 to 110% of maximum speed from the fourth week Exercises were performed for eight weeks and 5 days a week. 72 hours after the last training session, cardiac tissue isolation was performed. Statistical analysis using ANOVA test had a significance level of P ≥ 0.05.

Results The findings of this study showed that aging significantly reduced the expression of AMPK, PGC-1α and TFAM in the heart tissue of elderly rats (P = 0.000). After eight weeks of intervention, the expression of AMPK, PGC-1α, and TFAM increased significantly in both training groups compared to the control group (P = 0.000). Also, there was a significant difference between the training methods on the expression of AMPK, PGC- 1α, TFAM (P = 0.000).

The results show that periodicity and resistance improve the expression of proteins associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, having regular levels of intermittent and resistance training can be a good solution for favorable changes in cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly.

Tuberculosis is one of the most important communicable infections in the health system. Knowing the presence or absence of the disease in health workers who can remain latent [LTBI] helps the health system by early detection of TB infection and timely use Prevent chemoprophylaxis from occurring. For this reason, all prestigious universities in the world and most health care centers have developed programs to prevent these people from developing the disease, including various aspects of prevention including before and after contact. These programs are tuberculin skin test (TST) to check for the presence of occult tuberculosis as a standard method of diagnosis. Since various factors influence the results of the TST test, this test may not be the definitive answer for infection in the individual. Therefore, in another test called IGRA (Interferon γ Release Assay) or QFT test (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In tube), the level of interferon gamma secreted by lymphocytes stimulated with specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens is measured. More specifically, latent TB can be examined. Therefore, in this review study, in addition to reviewing available tests for latent tuberculosis, the results of various studies conducted in the country to evaluate the latency of latent tuberculosis among health workers in different diagnostic and treatment centers are compared.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important factor in the development of chronic liver disease and liver cell carcinoma.  Lichen planus is an extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis C virus infection, the aim of our study was to investigate the association between hepatitis C infection and Lichen planus disease. Materials&

This case-control study was performed on 106 patients referred to the dermatology clinic of 22 Bahman Hospital between 1396 and 1397. The patient group consisted of 53 patients with lichen planus and the control group consisted of 53 patients without lichen planus who had referred for cosmetic purposes. After obtaining informed consent, hepatitis C antivirus test was performed in both case and control groups. In positive cases, hepatitis C virus polymerase chain reaction (HCV.PCR) test was performed to confirm the infection. Patients' information was collected through a checklist and analyzed by SPSSv24 software.

The study included 55 women (51.9%) and 51 men (48.1%). The mean age was 31.2 ± 7.8 years. In 53 patients with Lichen Plan, 1 person (1.9%) and in the control group, 3 patients (5.7%) were positive for hepatitis C virus. There was no significant difference between the two groups of cases and control in hepatitis C infection (P = 0.618).

It seems that there was no significant difference between the control group and the case; therefore, routine testing of hepatitis C antibodies is not necessary in all patients with lichen planus.

Identifying factors related to the mental health of the elderly is one of the topics of interest in the field of geriatric psychology. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between life expectancy and religious attitudes with psychological hardiness of elder peoples with regard to the mediating role of social support.

This study was a descriptive-correlational study and structural equation modeling method was used for data analysis. The statistical population consisted of all elder people in Tehran, 329 of whom were selected by convenience sampling method and They responded to Ahwaz psychological hardiness questionnaires, life expectancy, religious attitudes, and social support scales.

Structural equation modeling showed that the hypothetical model of research has a good fit with the data and also the direct path of life expectancy variables, religious attitudes and social support to psychological hardiness was significant (P <0.05). It has also been shown that social support variable has a significant mediating effect between life expectancy and religious attitudes with psychological stubbornness.

Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to consider the mediating role of social support in the relationship between life expectancy and religious attitudes with psychological hardiness and therapists to incorporate this component in their therapeutic practice.

People with anxiety disorder have misconceptions and misconceptions about health. The present study investigates the relationship between the activity of behavioral brain systems and disease anxiety with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

The study method is correlational. The study population includes students aged 18 to 35 years from Bu Ali Sina University and Payame Noor University of Hamadan. In order to conduct research on 399 students, they were selected by convenience sampling method. Participants were assessed using a research assessment tool including 3 Jackson Five Factors Questionnaire, Anxiety Anxiety, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Guides, then the data were analyzed using path analysis method, based on AMOS-21 software. Took.

The correlation coefficients between behavioral activation and disease anxiety, war and escape and cognitive emotion regulation strategy are adaptive, positive and significant. However, correlation coefficients between behavioral activation and warfare, behavioral activation and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy, behavioral inhibition and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy, disease escape and anxiety system, adaptive emotion regulation cognitive strategy and anxiety The disease is negative and significant; Therefore, it can be said that with the increase of cognitive regulation strategies of adaptive emotion of students, their anxiety anxiety score decreases.

The relationship between the activity of behavioral brain systems and disease anxiety with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies is confirmed and the final model fits.

Rheumatism is a common cause of joint pain and physical and mental disability in patients. Studies show that the disease usually occurs in old age and is more common in women than men. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of positive psychotherapeutic intervention on functional disability and pain perception of women with rheumatoid arthritis in Khorramabad. The research method is semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control group. The statistical population was all women with rheumatoid arthritis in Khorramabad. The available sampling method was selected from 40 women with rheumatism and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (20 people per group). Under the same circumstances, the experiment was conducted with questionnaires for functional disability and pain perception from both groups. Then, positive, psychotherapeutic intervention was performed on the experimental group for 8 90-minute sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. After the meetings, both groups were re-tested.

The results of multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance showed that positive psychotherapeutic intervention had a significant effect on reducing functional disability and pain perception of patients (P <0.01).

According to the results of this study, it can be said that positive psychotherapy has reduced functional disability and pain perception in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, along with medical treatment, this treatment can be used to reduce functional disability and pain perception of these patients.

Divorce is a phenomenon which disturbs the mental and emotional health of the adolescents and it might lead to the emergence of externalized behaviors in them. therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of training self-differentiation on the aggression and experiential avoidance in the adolescents engaged in divorce with externalized behavior.

It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up design. The statistical population of the present study included the students engaged in divorce with externalized behaviors who were studying in the first and second year high schools in academic year 2019-20 in the city of Shahrekord. 40 adolescents were selected through purposive sampling mehtod and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received ten ninety-minute intervention sessions of training self-differentiation during two-and-a-half months. After starting the intervention, 4 adolescents from the experimental and 3 from the control group quitted receiving the intervention. The applied questionnaires in this study included children and adolescents behavioral inventory, aggression questionnaire and acceptance and action questionnaire. The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA by SPSS software version 23.

the resutls showed that training self-differentiation has significant effect on the aggression (0.59) and experiential avoidance (0.64) in the adolescents engaged in divorce with externalized behaviors (p<0.001).

The findings of the present study revealed that training self-differentiation can be used as an efficient method to decrease aggression and experiential avoidance in the adolescents engaged in divorce wiht externalized divorce through employing techniques such as differentiating rational from irrational beliefs, equipping the members with special communicative skills and shouldering the responsibility.

Working memory plays a crucial role in high-level cognitive processes such as reasoning, problem solving, intelligence and language comprehension.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of working memory quality in the relationship between sleep habits and children's working memory capacity.

The research design was correlational. The statistical population consisted of all students studying in the creativity centers and kindergartens of district one of Tehran city in the year 17-2016. The sample consisted of 60 children who were selected using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Preschool Children Scale. SPSS 22 and Lisrel 8.54 and Pearson correlation and path analysis were used for data analysis.

Findings showed that the direct pathway of sleep hapits disorder, sleep behavior disorder, night wake disorder, daily sleep disorder, except morning wake disorder, had significant effect on the quality of working memory. The direct path of sleep habits disorder and morning wake disorder to the amount of working memory was significant but sleep behavior disorder, night wake disorder and daily sleep disorder to the amount of working memory was not significant. Evaluation of indirect pathways also showed that among sleeping habits, only impairment of sleeping habits indirectly mediates the quality of working memory affecting the amount of working memory.

The quantity and quality of sleep in children should be emphasized in order to improve cognitive functions, especially working memory.

Since December 2019, the outbreak of a new type of pneumonia of unknown cause was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Given the current focus of much research on pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis and treatment of covid-19 disease, the mental health aspect of the outbreak is often overlooked.

To conduct this study, 160 employees of public and private sector companies and offices were selected as the target population. Finally, the staff answered 25 questions that were distributed to them during a written questionnaire. The questionnaires contained 25 questions on mental health and behavior. A significant correlation between personal information and answer to each question was assessed by the chi-square test.

The data show that more than 39% of employees are afraid and anxious about the prevalence of covid-19 disease so that 16.47% of them are terrified, 23.14% have high fears that can cause employees problems such as fear of illness and xenophobia. Also, 32.47% have reported that they have undergone behavioral changes due to the prevalence of this disease. At the level of 0.05, the chi-square test also shows a significant relationship between gender, age, etc. by answering some question.

The information obtained from our research shows that the prevalence of covid-19 disease in Iran has caused psychological and behavioral changes among public and private employees, which requires more effective measures by government and national officials to maintain employee health.

Deafness in children is one of the disabilities that has a great impact on mothers; Because mothers have a greater role to play in caring for their children's physical, emotional, and social needs.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and CognitiveReprocessing Intervention on improving the Sense of parental competence and reducing the social isolation of mothers of deaf children studying in primary school of exceptional schools in Ahvaz.

This research is one of the quasi-experimental studies of pre-test-post-test with control group. In this study, 30 mothers were selected by available sample method and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. The treatment protocol was performed in 10 sessions of 60 minutes in the experimental group. Participants in both groups were assessed for variables of parenting competence and social isolation at the beginning and end of the study. Abidin (1990) Parental Stress Questionnaire was used to assess the sense of parenting competence and social isolation.

The results of covariance analysis showed that in the significance level of (P<0/001) the Eye Movement Desensitization and Cognitive Reprocessing Intervention therapy led to improvements Parental Sense of competence Mothers of deaf children in both the post-test and follow-up stages.

 It can be said that Eye Movement Desensitization and Cognitive Reprocessing Intervention of non-pharmacological therapy is relatively short and effective in improving the sense of parental competence and reducing social isolation.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mentalization therapy and emotion therapy treatment in reducing the symptoms of borderline personality disorder and depression.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group and two-month follow-up. The statistical population in this study were women with symptoms of borderline and depressed personality who referred to counseling centers in Qom in the age range of 18-35 and from August to October with two questionnaires of Milon-3 (Milon) and Goldenberg depression (1971). And were interviewed and tested according to DSM-5 criteria. Then, both experimental groups underwent subjectivization treatment (Batman and Funagi, 2016) and emotion therapy in 8 sessions of 90 minutes per week, and the control group was placed on a waiting list.

The results of data analysis by analysis of covariance showed a positive and significant effect of mentalization and emotion therapy in depressed people.

The results showed that the treatment of subjectivity is effective in reducing the symptoms of borderline personality disorder and the treatment of affective phobia is effective in reducing the symptoms of depression in people with depression.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic and debilitating disease that is causing anxiety in a person causes anxiety and tension in response to threatening conditions. Therefore, the use of appropriate psychotherapy to reduce the psychological consequences of this disease is very important, Therefore, the aim of this study was to the comparison of effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Unified Transdiagnostic on anxiety and physical symptoms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with the control group. The statistical population included all people with systemic lupus erythematosus who were referred to the rheumatology clinic of Imam Ali Hospital in Zahedan and the private rheumatology clinics of this city in 2020 year. 45 people were selected by Purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants answered the Beck anxiety Inventory and Peralta- Ramírez et al Lupus Symptoms Inventory (LSI). Repeated measurement analysis of variance by mixed method was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that both act and Unified Transdiagnostic had a significant effect on reducing anxiety and symptoms of lupus in patients in the experimental group. The results also showed that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments in reducing anxiety and symptoms of lupus.

Act and unified trans diagnostic therapies play an important role in reducing the anxiety and symptoms of lupus of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, so these methods can be used alongside medical therapies.

Encouraging people to get married and maintaining a family system is one of the priorities of any society. according to this the present study was conducted with the purpose of Olson's marriage enrichment program on the responsibility and empathy of the marriage volunteers.

It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population included all marriage volunteers who attended consultation and psychological service centers for pre-marriage consultation in the city of Isfahan in the third quarter of 2019. 30 couples were selected through multi-stage clustered random sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 couples). The experimental group received seven sessions of Olson's marriage enrichment program during two months. The applied questionnaires included California personality questionnaire (1987) and empathy questionnaire (Jolif and Farington, 2006). The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA method via SPSS23 software.

The results showed that Olson's marriage enrichment program is effective on the responsibility and empathy in marriage volunteers (p<0.0001) in a way that it succeeded in responsibility and empathy in marriage volunteers.

Therefore, Olson's marriage enrichment program can be employed as an efficient method to improve responsibility and empathy in marriage volunteers through applying concepts such as Active expression and listening skills, conflict resolution training, problem solving training and improving sexuality.

The aim of this study was to compare perfectionism in transsexual demanders and transgendered individuals referred to Fars province general administration of forensic medicine. The sample consisted of 66 transsexual volunteers (38) and transgendered people (28) that by purposive sampling method were selected. To measure the variables, Frost perfectionism questionnaire was used. Perfectionism and its components were similar in both groups and on average there was no significant difference between them in perfectionism and its aspects. The perfectionism score in 66 persons was obtained between 2.46 to 4.11 with gender identity disorder was an average of 3.17 ± 0.44, respectively. All the options of perfectionism were correlated together and the total score with a significance level of 0.01. The highest correlation between perfectionism and personal standards of 0.930 and the lowest correlation between worrying about mistakes and individual standards were obtained at a rate of 0.341. Perfectionism and demographic variables showed correlation between education and transgendered people 0.37 and transgender people applying correlation there .041. The correlation between perfectionism and variable transgender people applying for jobs there and transgendered people was observed 0.39. The study showed that there was no correlation that between perfectionism and job status in individuals with sexual dysphoria. There was a relative correlation between perfectionism and variable transgendered people and transgender applicants. Since this is the first study in Iranian society, need to be replicated in larger sample size, so that its findings be interpreted with more confidence.

Chronic physiological diseases can cause psychological damage to people with the disease. according to this the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness Therapyon sleeping quality and pain catastrophizing in the women suffering from osteoporosis in the city of Isfahan.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and a 45-day follow-up stage. The statistical population of the study included all female patients with osteoporosis in the city of Isfahan in a period of four months beginning from the third quarter of the year in 2018-19 who referred to private orthopedic clinics. The sample size in the study was 26 patients with osteoporosis who were selected through convenient sampling method and they were randomly replaced into experimental and control groups (13 patients in the experimental and 13 in the control groups). The experimental group received ninety-minute therapeutic interventions related to mindfulness during two months once a week while the control group didn’t receive any psychological intervention during the study. Then the people in both groups took the posttest. The follow-up stage was administered after 45 days. The applied instruments included, pain catastrophizing scale (Solivan, et.al, 1995) and Petersbourg sleeping quality questionnaire (Boys, Reynolds, Bermen and Kopfer, 1989). After collecting questionnaires and extracting raw data, data analysis of this study was done via SPSS23 by descriptive statistics and repeated measurements ANOVA.

The results of the study showed that Mindfulness Therapyhas significant effect on sleeping quality (0.77) and pain catastrophizing (0.83) in the women with osteoporosis (p<0.001).

Based on this, we can use mindfulness therapy to improve the sleeping quality and pain catastrophizing in patients with osteoporosis.