پژوهشنامه ادبیات تعلیمی
پیاپی 50 (تابستان 1400)

Education has long been of great importance and poets and writers have always paid attention to this issue in their works. Nazaari Ghohestani is one of the poets who knows the value of applying educational teachings. As he has mixed her lyric poems with a kind of teaching and her poems are full of educational and moral themes and meanings. In this research, the author intends to study and analyse the content-statistical content of the educational teachings in Hakim Nazaari's lyric poems by descriptive-analytical method and with library tools. The result of this study shows that Nazaari in her sonnet invites important moral and humanizing virtues such as patience, repentance, kindness, forgiveness, good behavior and kindness, contentment and fidelity to the covenant And he Forbids and warns against vices such as hatred, greed, cunning and deceit, pride and wonder, persecution of others, oppression, High interest to worldly belongings, etc.

Roman Yakubsen, one of the most prominent theorists of Russian formalism in his theory of verbal communication model, stated that any verbal communication between the narrator and the narrator is based on six factors: sender, receiver, communication channel, contact, code and subject. One of the communication patterns in the recent model is the "persuasive role". The orientation of the message is in the role of persuasion towards the audience and the speaker tries to communicate with the audience by using the sentences of command, prohibition and supplication. , "Theme" and "audience" are seen in such a way that beyond each of the mentioned axes, the poet uses language tools to persuade a message in the audience. The present article descriptively-analytically and using library resources examines the methods of persuasive ethics and its axes in Attar's lyric poems based on Roman Yakubsen's theory of verbal communication. The results of the present study show that persuasion has a special place in Attar's lyric poems. More persuasive role in three axes; Religious and legal, social and cultural, and behind these roles, the poet encourages issues such as: leaving the world, avoiding hypocrisy and happiness, and so on. In addition to the observance of theological points and arrays that have created a lot of literary value for this work, the appropriate and frequent use of persuasion as an educational method has added to the educational richness of his sonnets.

Analysis of behaviors of Khosrow and Shirin Nezami characters based on Kleberg's theory of moral development Even though the main point of Nizami s Khosrow & Shirin of is not ethics and morality, the morality issue is a unique feature of characters behaviors in his poems. Because in the dilemma of relationships and sometimes beyond the authority of love, ethics and morality get stuck in unconventional situations. In terms of the ethics and morality, Nizami’s works of literature have been studied before. Yet In this study, ethical behavior of characters of the poem and their morality is analyzed according to a scientific theory. Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development is one of the psychological and cognitive approaches to the ethics and morality and various studies have been done according to this approach. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the behaviors of characters of Khosrow and Shirin according to the moral stages of Lawrence Kohlberg. This approach has not been used in Panj Ganj before. According to our results, regarding the behavior of characters, six group or six main ethical components were identified. Each of these components include various behaviors. Each behavior is due to specific motivation or logic which is also describable by Kohlberg’s theory

The educational poems of the common and extensive part of Persian literature, which has made the dignity of the work and the thought of its holder in the educational aspects theoretically and practically important from a literary point of view. The guide letter of Mirza Abd al-Rahim Shirvani, nicknamed Hazin, is one of the orators of the twelfth century AH, one of the teachings of the Qajar period. This linear system, which is one of the valuable moral works, is a ruling and has not been known yet. In order to guide the Taliban, knowledge is an educational work and the educational themes and meanings of this system are based on religious knowledge, social culture and moral teachings, and the poet has played an intellectual and artistic responsibility according to the common educational discourse. In this study, the authors intend to briefly introduce the system of guidance and examine the status and impact of religious and moral teachings used in this work. The results obtained in this research indicate that the individual poet is rich and has expressed educational criteria in his anecdotes according to the situation. In this work, the positive moral teachings of kindness to parents, prayer, gratitude, piety, hope, fulfillment of the covenant, etc. have a high frequency.

The most prominent feature of Saadi's Boostan is its educational and moral background. As much as he is a poet in love in the mirror of lyric poems, he talks about the ways to reach perfection and moral prosperity in the garden. One of Saadi's tricks in Boostan, especially the seventh chapter, to represent the educational and moral teachings, is to use the dual contrast between verbal and semantic clusters. He tries to give his audience a correct understanding of the virtues by mentioning the desired counseling and moral issues, and then to represent the opposite of those issues in order to increase the power of the moral distinction of his audience. In this research, using library resources and descriptive-analytical method, the quality of reflection of contrasts in the seventh chapter of Saadi's Boostan has been investigated. For this purpose, the theory of dual contrasts and also the frameworks of the industry of contradiction in traditional Persian rhetoric have been used. The results show that the totality of this chapter represents the opposition between good and evil at the macro level. In the next step, Saadi points to examples under each component to enhance the audience's vision and knowledge. Also, the characters that reflect these contrasts fall into two categories: real and virtual. The main place of these confrontations is the city of the body and soul of man, whose transformation into an utopia or anti-utopia is directly related to the moral category of self-creation

Contemporary poetry in the field of words and content has experienced fundamental changes compared to the classical period. In terms of content, poets have avoided referring directly to ethics and have used it as a tool to represent political and social issues, which has added to the complexity and complexity of the poems. Hamid Mosaddegh, as one of the prominent representatives of the poetry of social symbolism in the contemporary era, has benefited from this method and in the poem "Derafsh-e-Kavian" by reflecting a set of moral teachings and its connection with political and social issues, a new step in description and The design has removed the educational themes. At the deep construction level, he has encouraged his audience to build a better world in accordance with justice-oriented standards, using the educational capacities of such things as: God-centeredness, unity of people, self-belief, intellectual and behavioral passivity, negation of determinism, etc. Examining the poetry of "Derafsh-e-Kavian" with a descriptive-analytical method and approach to the basics of John Searle's theory of speech actions shows that the use of expressive, persuasive, emotional, obligatory and declarative actions has resulted in representing the macro moral concept of "oppression" and other doctrine. Teaching methods have been used to reinforce this fundamental concept.

"Shahnameh" is a literary masterpiece in which Ferdowsi, with the knowledge of the natural differences between children, young and old, examines the different dimensions of didactic literature; In this way, he can express his desired concepts and goals, which are full of pure educational points, to his readers in the best possible way. Understanding the characteristics and features of different generations can show the important and practical role of didactic literature that the difference in educational topics arises from differences in life, intellectual, physical strength and knowledge resulting from their experience in society. In this article, the researcher tries to analyze the effect of didactic literature and its characteristics from the perspective of generational differences in Epopee . Topics such as: unwillingness, good name, charity, courage, foresight, virtue of science and knowledge, advice, etc were examined and thus it was determined how Ferdowsi has used educational themes in relation to each generation. Relying on the educational teachings, Ferdowsi invites children to learn art, young people toawareness training and advisability , the elders to be wise, prudent, counseling and guidance.