مجله سازمان نظام پزشکی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
سال سی و نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 153، بهار 1400)

Following the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the world, the issue of relocating infected patients and personal protection to prevent this new and mysterious disease has been raised and followed up. One of the most important and serious complications of transmission of this disease is nosocomial transmission. Therefore, the first and the most important issue is to examine the need for patient transfer. Also, the necessary precautions for the transfer of this group of patients should be pre-defined and seriously implemented and followed up. The required health protocols and precautions can be categorized into four main categories: patient safety, health care and security staff, safety of those likely to be on the move, and disinfection of equipment used after transfer and relocation. Inter and intra-hospital transportation involves various challenges and risks. This article is a review of field research and defined protocols that have been conducted and implemented during the pandemic period of COVID-19 virus disease, which can be used to improve the mobility of patients by considering the conditions and facilities of our country.This research was conducted using search engines in reputable databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed Science Direct, Google Scholar and review of scientific interviews and conferences held on the transfer of coronary heart disease patients and patients with acute conditions or intensive care requirements. As COVID-19 is a new emerging disease and due to lack of sufficient and convincing evidence on the various and possibly unknown dimensions of this disease, studies and protocols present for the transmission of other patients with acute and infectious diseases have been used in this study.

Fear of intimacy is a pervasive social disability. People who are afraid of intimacy are at risk for emotional problems. Therefore, the fear of intimacy will be in conflict with the well-being and health of the person. The aim of this study was to determine the difference between the effectiveness of group education of pre-marital counseling concepts based on two cognitive-behavioral approaches and reality therapy on students' fear of intimacy.

This research is a quasi-experimental research and its research design is pre-test, post-test design with control group. The study population of this study included single students of Islamic Azad University, Imam Khomeini Memorial Branch in Shahreri and the number of samples studied is equal to 45 people. In order to collect information, the questionnaire of fear of intimacy and group training course on the concepts of premarital counseling with cognitive-behavioral approach and reality therapy were used in 8 two-hour sessions in the subjects. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results of the study indicate that group training on the concepts of premarital counseling with two approaches of cognitive-behavioral and reality therapy has been significant in reducing students' fear of intimacy. But these two training methods were not statistically significant in terms of effectiveness.

Although both methods of cognitive-behavioral pre-marital counseling training and reality therapy have a significant effect on reducing fear of intimacy, it does not matter which of these two training methods is used for this important.

The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of emotion regulation, defense mechanisms and attachment in predicting psychosomatic symptoms by adjusting gender and level of anxiety.

The research method was path analysis. For this purpose, 540 patients with psychosomatic disorders in Tehran were selected by purposive sampling method. They answered the questionnaires of distress tolerance, emotion regulation, defense mechanisms and psycho-somatic symptoms PHQ-15. To analyze the data, path analysis with the observed variables was used.

Findings showed that gender differences in regard to emotion regulation, attachment styles, and defense mechanisms in predicting psychosomatic symptoms were not the same with respect to the level of anxiety in individuals. In terms of attachment and emotional regulation, the difference in predictive path coefficients at low and high anxiety levels is not significant, but there is a significant difference in neuroprotective defense mechanism at low anxiety levels. In conditions of high anxiety, there are no gender differences between any of the path coefficients, and the level of anxiety is still an important factor in the contribution of attachment styles, defense mechanisms and emotional regulation in predicting psychosomatic symptoms.

In other words, when the level of anxiety is low, more neurotic women show more psychosomatic symptoms than men with low levels of anxiety.

Due to the resistance of some pathogenic micro- drawn researchers' attention to the use of antibacterial drugs developed from natural sources, especially venomous animals such as snakes. In this study, for the first time, the antibacterial effects and cytotoxicity of Zanjani snake venom (Vipera organisms to common antibiotics, treatment of microbial infections has become significantly more difficult. This has albicornuta) were investigated in vitro.

In this in vitro experimental study, the antibacterial effect of different concentrations of Zanjani snake venom on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was investigated using MTT assay, MIC assay, disk diffusion and well methods. In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of crude toxin, HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg / ml of crude toxin for 24 hours. Survival percentage was determined using MTT reduction and Neutral red uptake methods and cell death was determined by Comet Assay method.

According to the results, crude toxin has no antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli but has a significant antibacterial effect on Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The results also showed that Zanjani snake venom at doses of 50 to 400 μg / ml induces cell death by inducing apoptosis and necrosis.

In this study, we showed for the first time that Zanjani snake venom has antibacterial and cytotoxic effects and can be used for further studies.

Nowadays Nitric oxide (NO) has known as a regulator of many biological processes in many cells including epithelial cell of gastrointestinal tract. In this study we investigated the effects of L-Arginine and L-NAME on epithelial cell number and height of duodenum in rats.

40 female rats of 200-250 gr weight and 8 weeks old were divided into 5 groups, containing 8 rats in each group. Except the control group, the other groups received normal saline (2 ml/kg), L-Arginine (200mg/kg), L-NAME (20mg/kg) and L-Arginine+L-NAME with same doses Intraperitoneally for 3 days. Two weeks later, duodenum was expelled out and fixed in 10% formalin. After tissue processing, the sections were stained with H&E method. The histological changes were assessed via light microscopy. Cell number and height were evaluated using morphometric and histologic methods. Statistical analysis was made by One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test to evaluate the statistical significance between different groups. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was an increase in the cell number and height of duodenal epithelium in L-NAME group; also a decrease in the cell height of duodenal epithelium in L-Arginine group. No significant difference was observed between groups (p>0.05).

Despite the importance of NO in many cells function, the results demonstrated that L-Arginine and L-NAME has no effect on number and height of duodenal epithelium.

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) causes end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Missed diagnosis or relapse in transplanted kidney is common. We present a 36-year-old man with a history of recurrent renal calculus which progressed to end-stage renal disease. He underwent kidney-transplant surgery. Renal function tests worsened progressively in the first-week post-transplant. Transplanted kidney biopsy demonstrated the underlying PH. His several hospital admissions and complications made us to report this case and suggest re-evaluation of PH before kidney transplant in ESRD.