مجله سلامت و بهداشت
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 51، پاییز 1400)

Phenol is one of the organic pollutants in industrial effluents and is highly toxic to humans and the environment, so it must be treated before being discharged into the environment. The aim of this study was the comparative investigation of the performance of aloe vera powder modified with sulfuric acid in removing bisphenol A from aqueous solutions.

This research was performed in a laboratory method in batch system. First, aloe vera was prepared and its leaves were washed several times with distilled water to remove impurities. It was dried in the oven at 120  for 24 h and was sieved  with standard ASTM 50 mesh. Changes in pH (3-11), adsorbent dosage (1-5 g/L), contact time (10-90 min) and bisphenol A concentration (10-50 mg / L) were investigated. Optimization of experiments and data analysis in the adsorption process to eliminate base phenol A was performed using central composite design (CCD).

The results showed that the adsorption rate of phenolic compound increases with increasing contact time and adsorption dose. The maximum adsorption of bisphenol A was obtained at pH of 3 and the initial bisphenol A concentration of 10 mg/L. Based on the analysis of variance of test results from different models, the second-order (Quadratic) model was selected to estimate the removal of bis phenol A by the adsorption process using the modified adsorbent. The linear regression coefficient (R2) between the experiments and the different values ​​of the response in the model was 0.96. The optimal value for the studied variables included pH of 6, adsorbent dose of 4.2 g/L, contact time of 65 min and bis phenol A concentration of 40 mg/L. Under these conditions, the efficiency of BPA removal was 87.06%.

The results showed that the adsorption process using the modified adsorbent is able to remove the bisphenol A with relatively high efficiency. This method can also be used to treat wastewater from oil and petrochemical industries containing phenolic compounds.

Billions of chickens are consumed annually in the world and about billions of tons of chicken feathers are produced. About 5 to 7 percent of the chickenchr('39')s weight is feather and about 90 percent of the feathers are keratin. Feather is a pure keratin protein that is highly insoluble and difficult to break down. Some bacteria have the ability to produce the keratinase enzyme to break down keratin. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the growth of SKH14-isolated bacilli megatrium strain SKH14 and to measure the enzymatic activity of keratinase.

Soil samples were collected in sterile plastic containers. Seven bacterial isolates were grown on a specific environment, of which 5 showed clear decomposition and were selected for biochemical tests, 16S rRNA sequencing and keratin measurement activity. These five bacteria were then sequenced and GeneBank accession number was assigned for each of them as a new strain. Five bacteria were tested for keratinase production and the strongest strain was optimized for keratinase production.

Five isolates were belonged to different strains of bacilli, and all five isolates were feather decomposer at different times. The highest enzymatic activity was reported in Bacillus megaterium SKH14 with 18.01 units per ml and the lowest in Bacillus felexus SKH4 with 10.81 units per ml.

The complete decomposition of Bacillus megaterium SKH14 isolate showed that this bacterium has high protease activity and is able to decompose complete keratin.

Flies are found worldwide because of adapting to different environments. Synanthropic flies are able to transfer a variety spectrum of pathogens and pathogenic factors to humans because of their close relationship with human life. The present study was aimed to determine the bacterial contamination of Musca domestica and Lucilia sericata as the main type of synanthropic flies in the Ghaem-Shahr city.

Samples were collected from four locations in Ghaem-Shahr city, on a monthly basis and using a bait trap. A total of 384 flies were recruited from two species of Musca domestica and Lucilia sericata in the sterile conditions to determine bacterial contamination in different bacteria medium.

Out of 260 samples infected with pathogenic bacteria, 61.1% were related to household flies and 38.8% were related to the Lucilia Sericata. The highest rate of contamination with gram-positive bacilli (22.6%) and gram-positive cocci (26.7%) were related to household flies and Lucilia sericata, respectively. Escherichia coli was the dominant species and the lowest contamination rate was related to Klebsiella sp.

To prevent the spread of bacterial infections by flies and providing public health and creating a healthy and safe environment, control measures are required at landfills, hospitals and slaughterhouses.

Research laboratories are important parts of universities. The risks and variety of laboratory activities have made the issue of fire protection one of the major safety challenges in the laboratory, and fire prevention is important to ensure the safety of people and equipment. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of active and passive fire protection in scientific laboratories of Hamadan university of medical sciences.

In this descriptive-analytical study, the FRAME fire risk assessment method was used to assess the fire risk. Data were collected using a checklist and the resulting data was entered into the FRAME calculation program. First, the fire risk of buildings, people and laboratory activity were calculated and ranked according to the level of risk. The efficiency of active and passive protections available in laboratories was also evaluated.

The results showed that 63% of laboratories had inadequate protective equipment, and the calculated level of risk for staff in all laboratories is higher than 1. So, the existing protection facilities were not suitable to protect staff in all laboratories. The results related to fire risk of activity showed that only in 18 laboratories (39.13%), the existing protection facilities had good performance.

Simultaneous use of active and passive protection is more effective in reducing risk. Due to the high risk of fire for people in all laboratories, it is recommended taking appropriate management measures to be prioritized by safety programs to reduce the risk to an acceptable level.

Adoption of new methods and creative solution of organizational problems is one of the most prominent characteristics of transformational leaders. Transformational Leadership has the ability to create personal and organizational happiness and a passion for the job at the staff. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of job passion in the relationship between transformational leadership style and organizational happiness.

The sample population included 450 people from 10 hospitals of Ardabil, among them 210 samples were selected by random cluster sampling using the Morgan sampling table. To collect data, the standard questionnaire of Transformation Awarding Bass and Avlioe (2000), Salanova & Shaufelichr('39')s Job Excitement Questionnaire (2001) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were used. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and multiple regressions based on SPSS19 software.

According to the results, organizational happiness and job passion are predicted by transformational leadership style dimensions. Ideal influence, inspirational motivation, mental stimulation and individual considerations can significantly predict changes in organizational happiness. Also, Ideal influence, inspirational motivation, mental stimulation, and individual considerations can predict changes in employee and job passion.

According to the results, organizational happiness is explained by the dimensions of job enthusiasm; in such a way that the enthusiasm for work and the attractiveness of work can predict changes in organizational employee happiness. Eventually, transformational leadership style influenced organizational happiness with the mediating role of employee career enthusiasm.

Improper communication is the most common reason for patients to complain to doctors. Despite numerous interventions to teach communication skills to physicians, the effect of these interventions on patient satisfaction has not been studied or the increase in patient satisfaction has been slight. Given that conducting interventions based on theories and models of behavior change leads to increased effectiveness of educational interventions, in this paper the role of an educational intervention based on PRECEDE PROCEED model on increasing patientschr('39') satisfaction with each of the communication skills of medical interns is reported.

This study was conducted as a part of a larger quasi-experimental research at internal medicine ward of Shariati Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Applying a valid and reliable questionnaire, satisfaction rate of 242, 231, 223, and 254 patients with communication skills of 70 interns, was assessed and analyzed before, immediately, two weeks and four weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed and the strongest and weakest communication skills of the interns were determined.

In each of the four periods of assessment in this study, the patientschr('39') satisfaction with internschr('39') communication skills ranged from 31 to 50 (from a whole of 70). Patients had the highest degree of satisfaction with warm, friendly, and respectful behavior of interns. Patientschr('39') least satisfaction was related to internschr('39') skills in considering their opinions in the decision making process to diagnose and treat their medical problems.

In this study, patientschr('39') satisfaction with internschr('39') communication skills was medium to high. It is recommended that in order to improve internschr('39') communication skills and to increase patientschr('39') satisfaction, interns should be provided with constructive feedback, based on the results of the satisfaction surveys.

WHO has identified Leishmaniasis as one of the six major diseases in tropical and subtropical regions. Due to the high prevalence of this disease during recent years in the Mehran Township and becoming one of the high-risk areas, this study aimed to determine the status of Leishmaniasis in the Mehran Township during 2013-2017.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the data of all Leishmaniasis disease patients referred to the health centers of Mehran Township were investigated during 2013-2017. Required data such as gender, job, place of residence, and age of patients were collected and analyzed by Excel software.

In this research, the numbers of people with Leishmaniasis were 2037 during the years of 2013 to 2017, of which 56.16% (1144 people) were men and 69.70% (1419 people) were residents in the urban area. The age group of 0-10 years with 29.70% (605 people) had the highest prevalence rate. From job perspective, housewives had the highest percentages with 27.10% (277 people) during 2015 to 2017.

Performing actions such as justifying the authorities about the importance of the disease especially the risk of it becoming epidemic, implementation control programs for carriers and reservoirs with appropriate establishment, paying more attention to the training of health care providers in the public and private sectors, and paying attention to community education especially in the endemic areas can be effective in controlling this disease.

New technologies are an important part of adaptation strategies used by rural households to cope with climate change impacts. The purpose of this survey is to examine the factors affecting on acceptance of adaptation innovation methods among farmers in  irrigated farming systems of Mamassani County of Fars province.

This study was an applied research conducted with survey method. The statistical population of this study was 4033 farmers, among them 351 farmers was selected based on the Krejcie and Morganchr('39')s table and using a random-quota sampling method. Data were collected through a questionnaire based on the conceptual model. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients indicated good-to-excellent reliability in the range of 0.70-0.78.

The results of logistic regression showed that the variables of farm size and intention to water conservation and perception of social risks of water scarcity are positively and significantly related to planting new drought-resistant crop practices. These variables can explain the 22 % of farmerschr('39') adaptation choices in water scarcity condition. The two variables of farm size and the intention to water conservation are important determinants in the adoption of new cropping as an adaptation measure. These variables predicted 23% of variance of acceptance innovation to adaptation. The perception of environmental risk of water scarcity, risk taking and knowledge about consequences of water scarcity had significant effects on adaptation. These predicted 33% of variance Pressurized Irrigation System.

According to the results, farmers have a high desire to protect water and information, risk perception and consequences of water scarcity are also high among them.

Safety behavior improves the level of safety and health of employees, the general public and the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between perceived stress, work and family conflict and emotional intelligence with the safety behavior of health and treatment staffs in Mahabad.

The present study was a modeling of structural equations that examined 200 patients of health and treatment staffs in Mahabad city, selected by random sampling method. Safety behavior, perceived stress, work and family conflict, burnout, and emotional intelligence questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling method) with Smart-PLS3.2.9 and SPSS-25 software and Bootstrap test.

The findings indicated a fitting of structural model of the research and also the negative and significant relationships of perceived stress, work-life conflict and burnout with safety behavior, as well as a positive and significant relationship of emotional intelligence with safety behavior. The results also showed that burnout plays a mediating role in the relationship between perceived stress, emotional intelligence and work-life conflict with the safety behavior of health and treatment staffs.

The present study showed that perceived stress, work-life conflict and emotional intelligence are able to predict the safety behaviors of health and treatment staffs. It seems that the management system of the organization can improve the safety level of its staffs by optimally managing these important factors.

In the field of health, silver nanoparticles are used to make detergents. Considering the negative environmental problems in the conventional methods of synthesizing silver nanoparticles, this experimental study was conducted with the aim of using an environmentally friendly method for the production of silver in the form of antimicrobial nanoparticles and its application in detergent production.

In this research, in order to synthesize silver nanoparticles, the method of electrical explosion of wire and PNC device was used in distilled water solution as a plasma medium. Size, structural properties and morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. To prepare the detergent, the method selected by various pre-tests, which had the best result, was used and the antimicrobial activity test was finally performed.

The results obtained using microscopic methods showed that the nanosized silver particles were spherical and had a mean particle size of 40 nm and remained stable in distilled water solution. The results of the antimicrobial test showed that the detergent containing silver nanoparticles had the highest and lowest antimicrobial activity against staphylococcal coagulase and colonic bacteria, respectively.

Based on the results, electrical wire explosion is an appropriate and environmentally friendly method for producing silver nanoparticles. The detergent production using synthetic silver nanoparticles, along with its antimicrobial properties, is a good advancement in health and medicine.

Individual and personality traits can provide patterns for predicting their behavior and mental states and are among the factors that can affect the conflict between auditor and client management relationships. This present study aimed at investigating the effect of personality traits on the conflict between the auditor and client management with the mediating role of gender.

The present study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, and its statistical population included 5020 auditors working in auditing firms and auditing organizations in Iran during 2019. Using a random sampling method and Morgan table, a sample of 357 people was selected. Data were collected through Neo-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFOI) and Heyrani Conflict Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis and modeling technique using Smartpls3 software were used to confirm the relationships among variables.

The results showed that the highest and the lowest mean personality traits among auditors were "extraversion" (49.92±4.99) and "neuroticism" (23.92±5.26), respectively. Among the five personality factors, neuroticism had a significant and negative relationship, and extraversion had a significant and positive relationship with the conflict between the auditor and client management, and gender had a mediating role in the relationship between the auditor extraversion and conflict with client management. The determination coefficients of neuroticism and extraversion were respectively, -0.14 and 0.56. Gender had a mediating role in the relationship between auditor`s extraversion behavior and conflict with client management and its determination coefficient was 0.110. In the meantime, extraversion men experienced more conflict with the client management than extraversion women.

The findings showed that extroverted men are more in conflict with client management than extroverted women, so men with extroverted personality traits (which is the dominant personality trait among auditors) will not have a good relationship with client management. Therefore, it is suggested that by employing more female auditors at higher levels of auditing, the amount of conflict with client management is reduced.