مجله روانشناسی ورزش
سال ششم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

The aim of this study was to determine the dark triad personality and mental toughness in predicting doping attitudes in male bodybuilders.

The present study is a descriptive correlational study. The study population consisted of male bodybuilders in Rasht in 2019 among whom 230 were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale Petróczi & Aidman’s, Dark Triad Scale Jonason & Webster’s, and Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire Sheard et all. Data were analyzed using correlation test and multiple regression using SPSS software version 24.

The results showed that Machiavellianism (r=0.625), psychopathy (r=0.468) and narcissism (r=0.420) had a positive and significant correlation with doping attitude. On the other, confidence (r=0.478), constancy (r=-0.480) and control (r= -0.570) were negatively and significantly correlated with doping attitude. Also, the variables of dark triad personality and mental toughness predicted 52.6% of the changes in attitudes toward doping in male bodybuilders (P<0.01).

The findings showed that bodybuilders with dark veins showed a positive attitude towards the use of illicit drugs and doping. Athletes who reduce the length of their professional exercise from adequate mental strength were drawn due to doping drugs.

The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of stubbornness, source of control, coronary anxiety and determine the relationship between them in active and inactive women.

The method of the present study was causal-comparative and correlational. The statistical population consisted of active and inactive women in sports in Urmia, from which 180 people were selected as a statistical sample. In order to collect data, psychological hardiness, control source and coronary anxiety questionnaires were used. Independent t-test and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between active and inactive sports groups in the variables of stubbornness, source of control and coronary anxiety. Also, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in the correlation coefficient of corona anxiety with the control source and the correlation coefficient of stubbornness and the source of control.Moreover, a non-significant difference in the correlation coefficient of corona anxiety and stubbornness was observed.

It can be concluded that participation in sports activities causes the development of personality traits in women and may reduce the field of coronary anxiety in them.

One of the most important challenges in sport psychology is the identification of factors affecting the success of the sport. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between sport mindfulness and perception of athletes' sport success regarding mediating role of commitment to exercise.

The present study is descriptive and correlational. For this purpose, 205 athletes (average age: 23.67±13.80) from different team and individual disciplines participated in this study voluntarily. The Sports Success Perception Questionnaire, Sports Commitment Questionnaire and Sports Mindfulness Questionnaire were used to collect information. To investigate the structural relationships between variables, the statistical method of structural path modeling using Smart PLS2.0 and Spss23 software was used.

The results showed that the positive and significant relationship between sport mindfulness and commitment to exercise with perceived success. In addition Sport mindfulness changes the athletes' perceived success by affecting the mediating variable of commitment to exercise, So that the presence of the mediating variable of commitment to exercise significantly increased the total effect (t=4.85).

It is important to pay special attention to sports mindfulness, because increasing sports mindfulness not only directly but also indirectly increases athletes' perceived success by increasing their commitment to exercise.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of decision making in sports performance as a systematic review. The studies were retrieved using the search terms defined in the titles of the articles specified in the Persian and English databases without time interval. A total of 2453 English and 753 Persian articles were selected. Among them, 114 articles related to the subject of the study were selected and after reviewing the full text of the articles, 35 English articles and 5 Persian articles were selected. These studies are divided into three groups of studies related to performing certain exercises and affecting on accuracy, speed and quality of decision making (16 studies), studies related to decision evaluation under stress conditions (3 studies) and studies related to post-decision evaluation after watching clips or pictures of real scenes of the game (20 studies).The results of studies showed that the ability to make decisions can differentiate the level of sports skills of individuals and the different training programs provide a slight improvement in how young players make decisions. Using clips or photos related to real sports scenes or a non-linear training program can improve the speed and accuracy of players' decisions. Also, making decisions under pressure in young people makes there fewer options for them in the field of play, and the use of 2D and 3D video clips can be used to measure and compare players' decisions in disciplines.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of game sense pedagogy on decision making, supporting and implementing basketball skills in female students. The statistical population of the study was Urmia secondary school girl students.

Subjects were 40 students (each group= 20 people) who did not already have a history of basketball playing and were physically health with an average age of 13.06±3. AAHPERD basketball skills test and game performance assessment instrument were used to collect data.

The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that students were better at learning of basic skills in the traditional method, but in terms of decision-making and supporting components, the game sense group was significantly better than the traditional group.

In general, the game sense approach has shown better performance in game performance development, and the findings suggest that using a questioning process based on a modified game framework is an appropriate training method for improving game performance in students.

According to self-determination theory (SDT), the aim of this study was to examine the relationship model of teachers controlling behavior, basic psychological needs thwarting and misbehavior in physical education classes.

The research was correlational-descriptive with cross-sectional way. A number of 585 male students from secondary schools (age range: 15-17 years old) completed a series of self-reported questionnaires which assess teachers controlling behavior, need thwarting and misbehavior in physical education.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, showed that the direct effect of controlling use of praise and rewards, and excessive controlling behavior was negatively and positively significant on misbehavior respectively. In addition, the indirect effect of negative conditional regards and intimidation, via mediating role of needs-thwarting, on misbehavior in physical education was significant.

Overall, these findings suggest that teachers controlling behavior is an important factor in anticipation of student's misbehavior is physical education. Physical education teachers could avoid negative conditional regards, intimidation and excessive controlling behavior, and apply controlling use of praise and rewards, in order to reduce misbehavior in physical education.

Attention is the most important and complex factors in teaching and learning issues and is one of the most common problems among children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that reduces their efficiency in learning. The present study examined the impact of balance exercises on the sustained attention in children with ADHD.

thirty seven to ten ADHD children who were referred to the BESAT health center of Kerman City, were selected and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. A quasi-experimental design with clinical method were used in this study. The experimental group was performed balance exercises for eight weeks. Sustained attention were assessed using the Continuous Performance Software. Analyzing the data was performed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests.

The results showed that balance exercise caused significantly improvement on Sustained attention component in children with ADHD.

Balance exercises can be used in conjunction with other therapies as an effective way to improve the children's attention.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of visual illusion and the number of practice attempts on facilitating motor skill learning.

A number of 32 students with a mean age of 10.43 ± 0.9 were selected and divided into two groups of 16 based on the type of visual illusion (target appears larger and the target appears smaller).The participants of each group, after performing 30 training attempts to get acquainted with the execution of marble shooting skills from a distance of 65 cm from the target center, performed 540 attempts related to their group in 6 sessions; Three retention tests were performed in such a way that one test was performed after every 180 attempts. To analyze the data, a Mixed ANOVA with repeated measures and one-way ANOVA was used.

The results showed a significant difference between the exercise group with large and small visual illusions, which depends on the level of rate of progress of individuals (P <0.05).

The results of the present study, by confirming the challenge point hypothesis, suggest that in order to improve the accuracy of targeting, first people

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spatial and temporal attentional feedback on physiological and psychological scales in running among inexperienced women.

Forty-five students (20 to 30 years old) took part in the study. In order to measure the participant’s Vmax, the speed of the treadmill started at 2 km / h and increased to 2 km / h after every one minute. This process continued until the fatigue will appear. According to the results of the maximum speed test, the participants were divided into 3 groups: temporal (n = 15), spatial (n = 15), and control group (n = 15). Feedback was given to the spatial group including the amount of distance that they traveled per minute (totally in 6 minutes), and the temporal feedback group (once per minute, total time 6 minutes), and the control group did not receive any feedback. During running, heart rates, Vo2max, and oxygen consumption were assessed. The Borg pressure perceived test was also used to measure perceive fatigue.

Results showed that there was no significant difference between oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory volume (VE), respiratory frequency (BF), and the Borg pressure in the three groups of spatial feedback, temporal feedback, and control group. (p >0/05).

The results revealed that the effect of spatial and temporal feedback in laboratory conditions, skill level, and type of skill had no significant effect on the energy consumption and perceived pressure in inexperienced participants.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of guided imagery oncompetitive anxiety and perceived stress in girls basketball players.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test design, post-test. The statisticalpopulation of the present study included female basketball students of the University of Tehran whowere physically and neurologically healthy and none of them were familiar with guided visual training.Forty people randomly selected and divided into two groups (experimental and control groups). In thisstudy, the experimental group received guided imagery training for four weeks, three sessions perweek and each session for 50 minutes, but the control group did not received psychological training.Subjects were tested by Cohen's Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983) and Bischart's CompetitiveAnxiety Questionnaire (2009). Data was analyzed by analysis of covariance.

The results showed that perceived stress and competitive anxiety between the experimentaland control groups were significant (P ≥ 0.001), and this method can be used to reduce perceivedstress and competitive anxiety of basketball athletes.

guided imagery exercises had a significant effect on the selected psychological variablesand this method can be used to reduce perceived stress and competitive anxiety of basketballathletes.

Resilience is considered one of the greatest capabilities of the present age. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of resilience training on cognitive flexibility of female taekwondo athletes in Karaj.

This research was a quasi-experimental research and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study included all female taekwondo athletes in Karaj. At first, clusters of several clubs were randomly selected and then, with the implementation of Dennis and Venarval's cognitive flexibility questionnaire (2010), individuals with low cognitive flexibility were identified. Then , among them, 32 people were selected and replaced as a sample in two experimental and control groups (16 people in each group) by simple random sampling. After implementing the resilience training protocol for 12 sessions of 45 minutes, the questionnaire was administered again as a post-test for both groups. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the findings.

The test results showed that the effect of intervention on the dependent variable of cognitive flexibility was significant.

Resilience training increases people's flexibility due to the development of real experiences, empirical study of thoughts and helping to correct thoughts.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sports identity and fear of failure of football club players mediated by moral intelligence. This research was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study was 255 football players of Birjand League sports clubs. instruments included the Moral Intelligence , the Performance Fear Assessment,, the Failure, and the Sports Identity Questionnaire. modeling method with a path analysis approach was used.The results showed that sports identity has a significant effect on fear of failure through the mediating variable of moral intelligence. Also, the analysis of the direct effects of the predictor variable on the criterion variables showed that sports identity has a negative effect on fear of failure. It was described that the effect of this effect on the feeling of failure was significant but was not significant on the variable of fear of failure . The results showed that the effects of total sports identity through the mediating variable of moral intelligence on fear of failure and failure were negative and significant.

Therefore, the results confirmed the important and decisive mediating role of moral intelligence in the relationship between the two variables of sports identity with fear of failure in football players. Therefore, strengthening moral values and, consequently, increasing moral intelligence, causes the athlete to understand more about his sports identity, and as a result, reduces his fear of failure. .