مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی و دوم شماره 7 (مهر 1400)

High prevalence of urogenital infections among women and the increasing emergence of drug-resistant organisms are a challenging topic. Due to this background, it is reasonable to consider probiotics for combating the urogenital infections. This study is an attempt to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus against Herpes Simplex Virus Type II.

Within donated lactobacilli, biochemical and molecular characterization was carried out to find Lactobacillus rhamnosus isolates. Then to evaluate how cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus may affect the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus type II, a plaque formation counting test was done on HeLa Cells by plaque-forming assay.

The supernatant of Lactobacillus rhamnosus culture significantly reduced plaque formation by herpes simplex virus II and almost the same results were obtained for standard strain. The inhibitory effects of the two supernatants were independent of H202 or H+ secretion by candidate lactobacilli, but the result was more reasonable for wild type in comparison to the standard strain of lactobacillus rhamnosus.

Considering the most effective inhibitory results (6h before virus contamination) and also by probable in vivo generalization of result, it is more possible to consider vaginal microbiome as an inhibitor for initial steps of viral attachment. Otherwise, when HeLa cells were successfully contaminated by HSV II, the inhibitory result of lactobacilli was reduced. A variety of mechanisms may be responsible for interruption in viral-host cell interaction, virus neutralization, and post-infected intracellular viral procedures.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotic treatment is a dilemma that has led researchers to search for suitable alternatives. The use of herbs and nanotechnology can be a solution. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles in combination with lavender leaf extract using response surface methodology.

The response surface methodology and a central composite design were employed to evaluate the iron oxide nanoparticle and lavender extract's antibacterial activity at different temperatures against E.coli and S.aureus. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity.

The results showed that the antimicrobial effect of iron oxide nanoparticles was greater than lavender extract. The response of the two tested bacteria to the combination of iron oxide nanoparticles and lavender extract was not the same at different temperatures. The antimicrobial effect of iron oxide nanoparticles in combination with lavender extract on the growth of S.aureus was greater than their effect on E.coli. On the other hand, increasing the temperature increased the antimicrobial properties of the combination of iron oxide nanoparticles and lavender extract against E.coli, but did not affect S.aureus.

According to the results, it can be concluded that iron oxide nanoparticles in combination with lavender extract can be a suitable option as an antimicrobial agent in topical or oral applications. However, more comprehensive studies and clinical trials are needed.

Cognitive-analytical treatment of borderline personality disorder focuses on the process of reformulating the target problem, and its relationship to the patient's current problems. By reducing the confusion and mental occupations of patients, it causes improvement and also empowers the patient to reveal the origin and how to deal with harmful processes. The present study investigated the effectiveness of this treatment on the improvement and reduction of borderline personality disorder symptoms in affected soldiers.

This study was performed in the framework of an experimental design of multiple stepped baselines, with a treatment process of 16 sessions and a one- and three-month follow-up period on three soldiers. The Borderline Personality Scale (STB, 2001), the Graz and Roemer Emotion Difficulty Regulation Questionnaire (2), and the Barat Impulse Scale (BIS) were used as research tools.

The results showed that improvement in the subscales of borderline personality disorder was evident, and the overall improvement rate was obtained among the three patients (approximately 80%), which indicated the effectiveness of cognitive-analytical therapy in reducing the symptoms of the disorder.

The results of this study showed that cognitive-analytical psychotherapy has been effective in reducing symptoms, so that treatment caused significant changes in the symptoms of all three soldiers and the effect of treatment continued until the follow-up period.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of mental disorders among high school students in West Azerbaijan Province.

The research method was descriptive-cross-sectional. The statistical population consisted of 133060 subjects (71906 boys and 61154 girls) who were students of the first secondary school in the province. Of these, 800 students were selected as the research sample using multi-stage cluster sampling and completed the Akhenbach Behavior List (YSR) and they were interviewed by a clinical psychologist with semi-structured diagnostic tools (K-SADS-PL).

In this study, various descriptive indicators (percentage, mean and standard deviation), and statistical test of chi-square were used to analyze the research questions. The results showed that the overall prevalence of mental disorders in West Azerbaijan province was 16.99%. The prevalence of mental disorders in the city was 17.82% and in the village, it was 16.6%, in girls it was 18.51% and in boys, it was 15.94%. Also, the prevalence of emotional problems was 4.37%, anxiety was 6.12%, physical problems was 2.25%, ADHD was 1.75%, confronting disobedience was 1.5% and conduct disorder was 1% (p≤0.05).

The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is high in first-grade students of West Azerbaijan province. Given this prevalence, it is essential to conduct etiological studies for highly prevalent disorders. Also, health systems, in collaboration with education, should design and implement prevention programs for all the students.

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer and the fifth most common cause of death among women worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to find new drugs that increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs and the possibility of using them in lower doses, which leads to a reduction in side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the expression of XIAP, Survivin, AKT, and caspase 3 genes in order to increase cisplatin sensitivity in cultured OVCAR3 cells.

In this study, OVCAR3 cells with different concentrations of melatonin (0.001, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5,10 μM) and different concentrations of cisplatin (0.001, 0.937, 1.875, 3.75, 7.5, 15 μM) were cultivated at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Then, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. Real-time PCR test was performed to evaluate the relative gene expression level of XIAP, Survivin, AKT, and caspase 3 genes in control, melatonin, cisplatin, and a combination of melatonin and cisplatin groups.

The results of this study showed that melatonin inhibits the proliferation of cultured OVCAR3 cells based on a dose and time-dependent mechanism. The results of analysis showed that there is a significant increase in the gene expression level of caspase 3 regarding melatonin and melatonin-cisplatin groups. Also, the expression of Survivin apoptosis inhibitor gene in melatonin-cisplatin combination group decreased (borderline difference). There were no significant changes in tested groups regarding relative gene expression of Xiap and Akt.

The findings of this study show that OVCAR3 cells became more sensitive to cisplatin in the presence of melatonin. It can be used to manage patients with ovarian cancer.

Cancer is the most common cause of death in developing and developed countries, accounting for nearly 13% of world death. In Iran, gastrointestinal cancers are common. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract tumors in Urmia Imam Khomeini hospital.

In this cross-sectional study, pathology reports of 741 patients with gastrointestinal tumor were evaluated.

Of 741 reported tumor, 705 cases (95.14%) were malignant, 36 cases (4.85%) were benign. 61.8% of patients with malignant tumors were men and 38.1% were women. The mean age of patients with malignant tumors was 60.2±13.35 and the mean age of patients with benign tumors was 47.7±10.49. The most abundant malignant tumor was adenocarcinoma with 481 cases (68.22%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma with 137 cases (19.43%) and the most frequent benign tumor was lipoma(52.7% of cases). The malignant tumors were observed mostly in the ages of 71 or higher (232 cases (32.9%)). In the evaluation of anatomical location of the malignant tumors, in esophagus, the precise location was not reported in most cases (63.7%). In the stomach, the cardia with 29.27%, in the small intestine, the duodenum with 66.6%, and in the colorectal region, the rectum with 41.9% were the most involved locations.

The results of our study indicated that the most abundant malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract was adenocarcinoma and the most abundant benign tumor was lipoma. Malignant tumors were observed mostly in men while benign tumors were mostly observed in women. The high frequency of malignant tumors in the ages of 71 and higher indicates the importance of early-onset screening for the prevention of malignant tumors in older ages.

Over the past decade, inpatient hyperglycemia has become a major focus, due to its association with increased mortality, hospitalization complications, and its negative economic impact. Patients with hyperglycemia have greater mortality, postoperative stroke, and longer length of stay. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia and its therapeutic approach in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

This descriptive study was perfumed in the ICU of Imam Khomeini Educational Hospital in Urmia in 2016-2017. According to sample size determination, about 120 patients who were admitted to ICU for more than 24 hours were enrolled. The AACE / ADA 2009 guideline was used as a standard for hyperglycemic stress control.

The records of 120 non-diabetic patients were studied for stress-induced hyperglycemia. The rate of stress-induced hyperglycemia was 19.2%. The mean age of the patients was 39 ± 24 years. The most common cause of hospitalization in ICU was traumatic problems (37.5%). About 57% of patients with hyperglycemia received intravenous feeding, 60.9% received corticosteroids, and 39.1% received vasopressor. Twenty-one (86.9%) patients used the SSI method and 3 (13.1%) used the infusion technique. The mortality rate was 35% for the patients admitted and 60.9% for patients with hyperglycemia.

In this study, the prevalence of hyperglycemia in the ICU was similar and relatively high in almost the same studies. Therefore, it seems that 6-hour blood glucose control has a better effect than once a day. In this study, most patients received SSI insulin for controlling hyperglycemia, while according to AACE / ADA 2009 guideline, the insulin infusion method is more appropriate. Therefore, in order to reduce hypoglycemia and mortality, it is recommended to use the insulin infusion technique to control hyperglycemia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of dose calculation algorithms used in the Monaco treatment planning system to predict cardiopulmonary complications due to left breast radiotherapy.

Three-dimensional dose distribution of 21 patients with left breast cancer was prepared by two-dose calculation algorithms (CC and MC) with the same unit monitor. Cardiopulmonary complications due to radiation therapy in these patients were evaluated by different radiobiological models as well as various parameters extracted from previous studies using MATLAB software. In this study, MC dose calculation is considered as benchmark data. Algorithms, Friedman nonparametric test, and Wilcoxon test were used for statistical comparison of the obtained results.

For both dose calculation algorithms, the value of TCP was estimated to be acceptable, with the same parameter being higher for the Poisson model than for the Niemierko model. The difference in NTCP for CC and MC algorithms for pulmonary pneumonitis, pericarditis, and cardiac mortality is not statistically significant by most parameters.

Both dose calculation algorithms estimate the TCP value as acceptable and the NTCP calculated by these two algorithms is close to the expected NTCP value. The value obtained for TCP, and NTCP depends on the radiobiological parameters used in the mathematical formula and the amount of dose extracted from the dose calculation algorithms.