نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 58 (زمستان 1399)

Positive psychology identifies the sum   of hope, resilience, optimism, and   self-efficacy as psychological   capital.   The   purpose   of   this   study   was   to   investigate   the effectiveness   of acceptance and commitment group therapy, reality therapy  and positive psychotherapy  on psychological   capital   and   excitement   style   of   people with multiple   sclerosis.   For   this purpose  60  volunteer  women  with  multiple  sclerosis were   selected  and  divided  randomly into   five   group   (acceptance   and   commitment, reality   therapy,   positive   psychotherapy, placebo   and   control)   and   were   evaluated in   psychological   capital   and   excitement   styles. Intervention   held   in   8   session, each   lasting   90   minutes   for   experimental   and   placebo groups.  at  the  end  of intervention  and  also  three  months  later  (follow-up  period),  all  groups were   reassessed with   questionnaire.   Data   was   analyzed   using   analysis   of   covariance combined with repeated measures.  The  result  of  this  study  showed  that  reality  therapy  and acceptance  and  commitment  therapy  were  increasing  psychological  capital  of  women with multiple  sclerosis,  but  positive  psychology  only  increased  resiliency  and  hope. Also  reality therapy   comparing   to   acceptance   and   commitment   therapy   and positive psychology   was more  successful  method  of  increasing  psychological  capital.  Result showed  that  all  method can  influence  emotional  expressiveness  styles  and  reality therapy  is  more  effective  than  the other  two  method  in  increasing  psychological capital.

The   present   study   aimed   to   implement   a   mixed   treatment   package   to   reduce depressive   symptoms.   The   research   method   was   a   quasi-experimental   design,  pretest-posttest,   and   follow   up   with   a   control   group.   The   study's   statistical population   consisted   of   depressed   women   who   had   been   referred   to   Atieh Medical  Center  in  Tehran  in  2019-20.  The  sample  of  the  present  study  consisted of 60   individuals   who   were   diagnosed   as   depressed   patients.   These   individuals were randomly   assigned   to   four   groups.   Each   group   received   one   type   of therapeutic intervention   for   12   sessions   of   90   minutes.   The   Instrument   of   the study   included:  Beck  Depression  Inventory-II,  1988.  The   data  were  analyzed  by  Mixed   analysis   of variance   and   repeated   measurement.   The   results   showed   that  there  was  a  significant difference  between  reducing  depressive  symptoms  in  four  groups.   It   can   be   concluded that   a   mixed   treatment   package   is   effective   in  reducing  depressive  symptoms  in the  short  and  long  term.

With  the  advent  of  the  Coronavirus  (COVID-19),  the  lives  and  health  of  millions of   people   have been   threatened.   The   epidemic   not   only   leads   to   high   rates   of death   toll   from   viral   infections, but   has   also   led   to   the   spread   of   psychological health   problems   throughout   the   world. Uncertainty   and   unpredictability   of   the outbreak  of  an  infectious  disease  has  a  high  potential  for psychological  fear  of  the disease   transmission.   The   aim   of   the   present   research   was   to   predict the coronavirus   anxiety   in   people   with   obsessive-compulsive   disorder   based   on cognitive flexibility   and   self-differentiation.   For   this   purpose,   in   a   correlational descriptive   research,   86   people with   obsessive-compulsive   disorder   referring   to counseling   centers   in   Urmia   sity   in   2021   were selected   by   available   sampling method  and  were  evaluated  in  terms  of  coronavirus  anxiety, cognitive   flexibility and   self-differentiation.   The   results   of   multiple   regression   analysis   showed that there  is  a  significant  negative  relationship  between  coronavirus  anxiety,  cognitive flexibility  and self-differentiation   in  patients  with  obsessive-compulsive  disorder and  cognitive  flexibility  and  self-differentiation  negatively  predict  the  coronavirus anxiety.  This  research  indicates  the  importance  of  protective  role  of  the  cognitive flexibility   and   self-differentiation   variables   against   the   anxiety   caused   by   the outbreak  of  coronavirus.

Emotion  regulation  is  a  basic  principle  in  initiating,  evaluating  and  organizing adaptive  behavior,  as  well  as  preventing  the  occurrence  of  unhealthy  emotions and maladaptive behaviors,  and  body image is a  multidimensional structure  that refers  to  a  person's  perception  of  their  body  shape  and  body.  The  aim  of  the present study  was to  compare  the effectiveness of  Mindfulness-based  Cognitive Therapy  (MBCT)  and  Acceptance  and  Commitment  Therapy  (ACT)  on  body image anxiety and emotional self-regulation among housewives. For this purpose, in  a  quasi-experimental  study  with  pre-test,  post-test  and  control  group,  36 housewives were selected by  available  sampling  method  and  randomly  assigned to two  experimental  groups  and  one  control.  The  MBCT  group  and  the  ACT group  participated  in  8  sessions  of  90-minute  treatment.  The groups were evaluated before and after treatment for body image concerns and emotional self-regulation.  Analysis of covariance and Benfroni Post Hoc test showed that MBCT and  ACT  both  reduced  body  image  anxiety  and  increased  emotional  selfregulation   in  housewives.  Of the two therapies, Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) was more effective than acceptance and commitment therapy.

Many  psychosocial  factors  such  as  lifestyle,  disturbing  thoughts,  negative emotions,  insufficient  sleep  can  cause  chronic  hypertension.  Today, one of the factors influencing the prevalence of hypertension is psychosocial factors such as persistent and chronic stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on stress, negative automatic thoughts and sleep quality in patients with hypertension.  For  this purpose,  in  a quasi xperiential   study  with  pre-test,  post-test  and  control  group,  30  patients  with hypertension  referred  to  Imam  Sajjad  Hospital  in  Tabriz  were  selected  by available sample and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group   participated in 8 sessions of therapeutic intervention.  The groups were evaluated for stress, negative automatic thoughts and sleep quality before and after the treatment interventions. The results of univariate analysis of covariance  showed  that  mindfulness-based  cognitive  therapy  significantly reduced  stress  and  negative  automatic  thoughts  and  improved  sleep  quality  in patients with hypertension; Therefore, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy promotes psychological health in these patients.

Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract  and  has  a  negative  effect  on  health-related  quality  of  life.  The aim  of  this study  was  to  investigate  the  structural  pattern  of  the  relationship  between symptom  severity  and  illness  perception  with  health-related  quality  of  life  in patients  with  irritable  bowel  syndrome.  For  this  purpose,  during  a  correlational study  of  structural  equations  modeling,  130  patients  with  irritable  bowel syndrome were selected by the Pursina Hakim Gastroenterology Clinic in Isfahan by  the  convenience  sampling  and  evaluated  in  terms  of  severity  of  symptoms, illness  perception  questionnaire  and  quality  of  life. Data analysis by structural equation  modeling  method  showed  that  the  severity  of  disease  symptoms  has  a direct effect on quality of life related to health and the indirect effect of severity of  disease symptoms  on quality  of  life  related to  health  was  mediated by  illness perception.  The  effect  of  illness  perception  on  the  severity  of  symptoms  was confirmed.  The  ability  to  understand  the  illness  perception  seems  to  play  a mediating role in the relationship  between the severity  of  symptoms  and healthrelated  quality of life.

Social networks are a new generation of possible new resources, and by using the way they can  allow you  to  do  so, they can  move  in their  own way  in  the  virtual  world  with  your consent,  so  that  they  can  enjoy  different  perspectives.  The  purpose  of  this study  was  to prediction  of  social  network  addiction  based  on  maladaptive  schemas  &  cognitive distortions  by  mediating  family's  emotional  atmosphere  variable  in  students.  For this purpose,  in  a  descriptive  correlational  study,  348  female  students  of  the  Faculty  of  Psychology, Islamic  Azad  University, Karaj  Branch  were  selected  by available  sampling method  and  in  terms  of  social  network  addiction,  early  maladaptive  schemas,  cognitive distortions and emotional atmosphere of the case family were evaluated. The Evaluation of standard  coefficients  of  research  showed  that  the  variable  of  maladaptive  Schemas  was 62% (β = 0.62) and the cognitive distortions were 20% (β = 0.20). The effect of Family's Emotional Atmosphere. It was also found that the family emotional climate variable had a 74% effect on social network addiction (β = 0.74). People with mental-emotional vacuum within  themselves,  with  tendencies  Extreme  social  networks  respond  artificially  to  their vacuum and need.

Previous studies have revealed that many professionals are willing to use spiritual interventions in clinical settings; however, they have access to no standard guide for their implementation, evaluation, and upgrading. This study aimed to determine the role of the Spiritual Intervention Package (SIP) in altering the expression of serotonin and dopamine gene receptors, the serum levels of interleukin 10-interferon gamma and the necrosis factor of the alpha tumor, and blood cortisol levels, promoting general health, decreasing distress and sexual problems, and reinforcing empathy, marital satisfaction, and posttraumatic growth. To this end, this multi-axial research consisting of 10 independent studies (16-60 persons per group) was conducted and examined the effectiveness of SIP in a variety of clinical settings among women with breast cancer stages 1-3, who were visited at Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital during 2012-2017. The participants were selected using the purposive and voluntary sampling methods. The levels of IL4 and IFNγ, the percentage of T-CD, and 8 T-CD cells were assessed by flow cytometer. Moreover, general health, somatization, anxiety, social dysfunction, and depression; spiritual health, sexual problems, marital satisfaction, and posttraumatic growth were evaluated using standard questionnaires. The research showed the acceptable results for the implementation of SIP for concerned purposes. The effect size evaluation– a technique to compare the impacts of the SIP regardless of the sample size, and the squared ETA (R2) assessment showed that, on average, more than 70% of the observed changes in these studies were due to the application of spirituality intervention. The effect size for biological, psychological, and social measures revealed that SIP significantly improved the biological, psychological, and social status of patients with breast cancer.