نشریه علوم آبزی پروری پیشرفته
سال یکم شماره 1 (تابستان 1396)

The effect of the phenyl urea herbicide Diuron on mortality rate of Daphnia magna was investigated. The study was conducted in 10 treatments and one control in 3 repeats. After application During 24h. Ec10 , Ec50, Ec90 values and MAC value were determined .Results showed these values of the herbicide ranged 15.96 mg/l,26.43 mg/l,43.74 mg/l,2.643 mg/l respectively. According to statistical analysis, the correlation between Probit value and logarithm of concentration at 0.01 is significant . The Diuron  thus, toxic level for Daphnia magna is estimated average Based on the results. It seems that using Diuron in the fish culturing pools, should be about 2.643 mg/l not to decrease or eliminate the microorganisms which are a suitable food for fish.

Chitin is the most abundant natural polysaccharide, with an annual production of approximately equal to cellulose. This polymer is not only regarded as an industrial but as a natural compound with many application  in various fields of agricultural and medical sciences. In this study, chitin was first extracted from fish (Rutilus frisi Kutum)  scales and then its structure was characterised  by chemical methods such as elemental decomposition, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and FT-IR analysis. The highest amounts of the elements contained in chitin were related to calcium and magnesium with values ​​of 27.14 and 50.42 mg / kg respctively., and the lowest amounts were recorded in Manganese and Copper. The X-ray diffraction, reveled  the crystalline nature of chitin and the FTIR spectra showed the elongation and vibration bands of the O-H, N-H, CO-bonds in the chitin structure.The physical and chemical properties of the extrcted  chitin show that it can be used commercially in various ways such as dietary supplements, additives, drugs, and water purification.

Catfish of Anzali wetland has been focused economically and commercially. It also meets the religious Minorities needs to fish meat. So, investigation of its health in the wetland is important. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of heavy metals such as cupper, chromium and cobalt in muscle tissues of Catfish in three stations (west, central and east) of Anzali wetland in 2012. In this study, 10 samples having standard weights were selected randomly from each station by fishing net. The atomic absorption set was used to measure the concentrations of heavy metals. The results showed that the average concentration of cupper metal in the Catfish were 3.77, 2.5 and 2.2 μ g / g dry and the average concentration of chromium metal in the Catfish 0.05, 0.04 and 0.05 μ g / g dry were observed for West, Center and East of Wetland, respectively . The average concentration of cobalt metal in the Catfish 0.02 μ g / g and was not distinguishable in the Center and East wetland by set. In this study, concentrations of cupper, chromium and cobalt in Catfish were not significant among the studied stations (P > 0.05). Cupper, chromium and cobalt levels were compared with standards determined by food and Drug of America (FDA) and world health organization (WHO). Results showed that levels of cu, co, cr toxicities were fewer than the standards reported by FDA and WHO.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mixing on the morphology of erytrocyte cells in triploid hybrid fish species compared to parents, as well as comparing some of the abnormalities of the thrombolytic kidney, Rainbow trout and Caspian salmon. In order to induce the triploid, thermal shock at 28 ° C and the time of shock initiation were performed 10 minutes after fertilization for 10 minutes. The results of the measurement of erytrocyte cells showed that in the triploid hybrid mixture compared to the parent, the large axis of the cell had a significant increase in the small and large axis of the nucleus. However, the small axis of the erytrocyte cells of the triploid hybrid showed a significant decrease compared to the control groups. The results of comparing the amount of cells and nuclei in the triploid hybrid combination compared to the control groups showed that the cell, nucleus and nucleus volume in the triploid hybrid increased significantly compared to the control groups   (P <0.05). But the area of the cell in the mixture was not significantly different in comparison with the control groups (P> 0.05). The major axis of the nucleus or cell increased more relative to its corresponding width. erytrocyte cells in the Triploid hybrid showed more abnormalities in comparison to the control groups, mainly due to the presence of cells with divided nuclei, the presence of red blood cells without nuclei and abundance higher than the type of immature erytrocyte cells in the blood stream. Cell death, cell membrane destruction of large erytrocyte cells through the passage of blood capillaries or early release of immature erytrocyte cells, is the main cause of these abnormalities. The results showed that mixing causes these abnormalities in the blood and thus leads to a decrease in the biological efficiency of the triploid hybrid in comparison with the diploid groups.

Seaweeds are one of the largest producers in marine environments and one of the most valuable biological capacities in the country, which has not received much attention so that there was no systematic and codified program for the exploitation of these marine reserves, while they contain high amounts of vitamins, mineral, protein, carotenoids, fiber and fatty acids, and they have a great deal of pharmaceutical use because of their bioactive compounds. Therefore, in this study, the pharmacological properties of 5 algae identified on the southern shores of the country (Polycladia myrica, Sirophysalis trinodis, Sargassum ilicifolium, Sargassum angustifolium and Colpomenia sinuosa) were studied. So if they have anti-oxidant properties, they can be introduced to the centers of Food-Drug and promoted them on farmland. The results of their antioxidant properties showed that the extract of brown seaweeds has different antioxidant properties and their properties are proportional to the content of their antioxidant compounds. In this study, only C. sinuosa algae had the least antioxidant properties compared to the other four species; but overall, all five species have usability as a primary drug substance. Therefore, their development and promotion should be considered as natural antioxidants in the future.

By examining the eye, magnitude and microscopy of each aquatic ecosystem, many species can be studied, among which the larvae of Chironomidae are also considered as aquatic in terms of natural production in the pyramid, and, according to the nutritional conversion factor And the vertical migration from the floor to the surface of the fish farming pool serves as an indicator of the quality of oxygen in the pool bed. Therefore, due to their abundance in domestic aquatic environments and their high nutritional value, their population growth in soil pools was investigated through nesting and the use of optical and organic materials. The highest number of larvae from the nesting area and the lowest number of larvae from the shrubby region were obtained from lesser light, and it was recommended to increase the larvae of the shrubby in swimming pools of fish and shrimp.

Zooplankton is one of the best foods with high quality for transfer energy in the food web, they are as biological pump which transfer Co2 from surface layers to the deep waters for fishes. The zooplankton species changed striking after ctenophores invasion in 2001 and during two decades. This study performed seasonal at 4 stations (5, 10, 20 and 50 m depths) in the coasts of Anzali in the Caspian Sea, during 1996 and 2001-2013. A total of 71 zooplankton taxa were identified in the southwestern Caspian Sea. The fifty six of them were holoplankton taxa and fifteen were meroplankton taxa. In zooplankton taxa, 14 genera and species were belonged Rotatoria taxa indicated the influence of the Anzali wetland and river inflows. The funding showed, many of zooplankton native species disappeared between 2001 and 2013, while meroplankton groups as Nematoda, Olighcheata and Polycheata were increased in the sea. Climate changes, man-made and alien species could play on the zooplankton species variations in the southwestern Caspian Sea.

Increasing the diversity of aquatic species on the country's aquaculture farms is one of the most important goals of Iranian fisheries Organization. In addition to improvement in exploitation of water resources and increasing production can be increases the selecting ability of consumers. In this regard, native species have priority and also aquatic organisms producers prefers species with high nutritional and economic market value. Freshwater crayfish is one of the best candidates to achieve this goal. Narrow clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus, have unique features as it is one of the most important freshwater crayfish in aquaculture. This species is endemic in IRAN. The most important advantages of this speciescan be mentioned to high fecundity, high adaptability (salinity 0-14 ppt, temperature 1-30 oC and oxygen 1-2 ppm), higher growth, more resistance to diseases and diversity in diets.This species can be able to culture in both freshwater and brakishwater system. The amount of its production per hectare varies from 200 to 3000 kg per hectare depending on the equipment and culture conditions. It has a very good world market, as it sells over $ 8 per kilogram and even up to $ 20 for consumers, especially in European countries. Finally, crayfish culture can be favorable for Iranian aquaculture industry because of suitable conditions availability in warm water aquaculture, natural and semi natural reservoirs.