نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال بیست و سوم شماره 6 (پیاپی 105، آذر و دی 1400)

 This study aimed to investigate the effect of educating caregivers of the elderly patients with cognitive disorders using a mobile application on the care burden.

  In this study 60 caregivers of elderly patients with cognitive disorders in Ibn-e-Sina Psychiatric Hospital of Mashhad-Iran, were selected through the convenient sampling method. Then they were divided randomly into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received both routine training and training through the mobile application, but the control group received only routine training. The research tool was the Zarit questionnaire. Data analyzed using SPSS software version 16.

 The results showed that the score of the caregivers' burden after the intervention was significantly different from before the intervention (P< 0.001). Also, comparing the mean score of caring stress after the intervention was significantly different according to the group and education, according to the group and gender, as well as according to the group and the caregivers' family relationship (P= 0.037, P= 0.16, and P= 0.046, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the mean score of care load pressure after the intervention of group and patients' movement problems (P= 0.174).

  It seems that education through mobile application can play an effective role in reducing the care burden. Also, the care burden varies according to the level of education, gender, and family relationship. Therefore, the use of educational methods through mobile applications is recommended as a low-cost method in health care settings for patients and their families.

The aim of this study was to determine the virtuous well-being changes during mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in a non-clinical sample and also to investigate the process of changing the variables of decentralization and perception of pleasure. 

In this study, forty female students living in the dormitory of Shahed University of Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019 were selected based on the convenient sampling method and were randomly assigned to four groups. The intervention protocol was eight ninety-minute sessions. All four groups were evaluated before intervention. While the first group fulfilled them after two weeks, the second group after four weeks, the third group after six weeks, and the fourth group after eight weeks fulfilled the Ryffs Scales of Psychological Well-being (RPWB), completed the perceptions of pleasure perceptions. Data analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, and SPSS-18 software. 

The beta coefficient of scores before the intervention and the second, fourth, sixth and eighth weeks showed an increasing process of well-being during the sessions. This process became significant in the eighth session (P= 0.01). The subscales of self-acceptance and decentralization from the fourth session had a significant upward trend (P= 0.0001, P= 0.001, respectively). Autonomy and personal growth significantly in the sixth session (P= 0.01, P= 0.03, respectively), purposeful life significantly in the eighth session (P= 0.03) and the variable perception of pleasure from the eighth session (P= 0.03). 

The results indicated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive intervention to increase well-being.

Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (ROCD) is a debilitating disorder that has many negative effects on couples' lives and new researches are focused on this new theme of OCD. The research question was what were the symptoms, causes, and consequences of the ROCD in a sample of Iranian culture?

In the present study, 47 individuals with suspected ROCD were interviewed qualitatively. Also, 10 experts participated to evaluate the categories obtained from qualitative interviews. In-depth Interview, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Research Version (SCID-5-RV), Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (ROCI), and Partner-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Inventory (PROCSI) were the tools of the present study. Sample individuals were selected from different universities of Tehran such as Tehran University, Shahid Beheshti, Tarbiat Modares, Shahed, Kharazmi, Amirkabir, Sanati Sharif, and Khajeh Nasir in the period 2018 to 2020 based on theoretical and purposeful sampling. The method of analyzing the data obtained from the qualitative interview of the current research was based on grounded theory with a Glazer approach that the results were collected and coded manually.

The results showed that ROCD was the result of three categories of repetitive thoughts about the characteristics of the spouse, repetitive thoughts about the spouse, and repetitive behaviors about the spouse. The underlying factors included obsessive beliefs, environmental conditions, and other disorders, and the revealing factors included environmental driver situations and thought or mental imagery. The short-term consequences included specific thinking, emotion, and behavior; and the long-term consequences included the effect on one's spouse and symptoms of depression and aggression.

Based on the results, it can be said that according to the DSM-5 framework, ROCD was a type of OCD with a relationship theme.

Theatrical therapy is one of the effective treatment methods in teaching communication skills. Due to the deficiency in verbal and non-verbal skills of the body, regulation and expression of emotions and as a result affecting the life satisfaction of people with schizophrenia, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of theater therapy on their emotional skills

In this clinical trial, cases were randomly selected from patients referred to Atieh Psychiatric Occupational Therapy Center and were divided into control and experimental groups. Theatrical therapy was performed in groups for 60 minutes in an eight-session program over two weeks. Bar-on emotional intelligence questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention in both groups and the results were evaluated after normality according to Kolmogorov-Smirnov test using paired t-test.

In this study, 20 patients with schizophrenia including 6 females and 14 males participated. Each person was randomly divided into 10 groups of treatment and control (treatment group including 5 women and 5 men, control group 1 woman and 9 men). The data showed that there was no difference in any of these subscales of the Bar-An emotional intelligence questionnaire in the experimental group compared the control group.

According to the results of this study, it can be said that theater therapy in this group of patients has little effect on emotional intelligence; but it can be used as a complement to behavior change, and reducing depressive symptoms by methods such as self-presentation, role deviation, and future predictions that motivate them to talk and play with others.

Identifying the cognitive and behavioral factors that cause obesity and overweight, as well as the variables that affect the treatment process can help improve the treatment process of obesity and achieve long-term therapeutic results.

In this descriptive study in 2019, 100 female volunteers were selected using the convenient sampling method and divided equally into two groups: overweight and obese individuals and people with normal weight. G*Power software was used to determine the sample size in each group. In each group, positive implicit association, working memory capacity and impulsivity were measured.

Results of the univariate analysis of covariance, by controlling the effect of age, showed the effect of group on positive implicit association figures (P=0.59, F=0.28,) and working memory capacity (P=0.74, F=0.10) was not significant. In other words, obese and non-obese groups were not significantly different in terms of positive implicit association, and working memory capacity. However, results were statistically significant for impulsivity variable (P=0.03, F=7.06).

The results of this study suggested that impulsivity, as a personality trait, plays a crucial role in the success or failure of dieters. Individuals with high body mass index, who are classified as obese, are more likely to experience impulsivity.

This study aimed to assess the activity of the behavioral brain system based on pain intensity with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in patients with chronic pain.

In order to conduct research, 200 patients with various types of chronic pain, who had referred to specialized clinics and offices of neurologists in Zahedan in 2020, were selected through the convenient method. Participants fulfilled the Jackson Questionnaire, the Dennis and Vanderwall Cognitive Flexibility Scale, and Van Korf et al. (1992) Pain Scale. Then, the data were analyzed using path analysis method, based on SPSS22 and AMOS-21 software.

The results show that the dimensions of the behavioral brain system are significantly associated with pain intensity. It had an inverse and significant relationship with the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and had a positive and significant relationship with the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) (P<0.05). Cognitive paternal flexibility and pain intensity are also indirectly related to each other; therefore, it can be said that as patients' cognitive flexibility increases, their pain intensity score decreases. Also, this study showed that cognitive flexibility does not play a mediating role between the war components (FFFS) but between the FFS system with intensity pain.

According to the results of the present study, there is a positive and significant relationship between behavioral inhibition system and cognitive flexibility and pain intensity. Also, cognitive flexibility is a mediating variable on the two components of inhibition and fear.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and psychological well-being with the quality of working life through mediation of perceived social support in nurses working in Dezful, Iran.

The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study was all nurses working in hospitals in Dezful, Iran. Among the statistical population, 120 people were selected through targeted sampling. To collect the data, the social support questionnaire of Zimet et al. (1988), personality traits (NEO), psychological well-being of Reef (1989), Walton's quality of working life (2003). The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis.

The findings of the study showed that direct traits of personality traits, psychological well-being and perceived social support to quality of working life as well as personality traits and psychological well-being to perceived social support were statistically significant (P<0.001). The results indicated that indirect relationship between personality traits and psychological well-being was significant through perceived social support with quality of working life (P<0.001).

It seems that quality of working life seems to be affected by many factors including personality traits, psychological well-being and perceived social support.

The existence of a mentally retarded child in a family leaves negative and irreversible effects on parents, particularly mothers. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of schema therapy on distress tolerance and resilience of mentally retarded students' mothers living in Zahedan, Iran. 

In this research, 30 mothers of mentally retarded students, studying in exceptional students in districts 1 and 2 of Zahedan, Iran in 2020, were chosen using the convenient sampling. Then, they were assigned randomly to two control and experimental (schema therapy-based) groups. In the next step, all participants filled out Distress Tolerance Questionnaire and CD Resilience Scale (Connor-Davidson), and the experimental group received eight 2-hour sessions of schema therapy-based training. The Control group received no intervention during the study. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS22 software by using descriptive indicators, univariate and multivariate ANCOVA.  

The results showed the significant effect (P<0.05) of schema therapy on distress tolerance and resilience so that this therapy could expand distress tolerance and resilience of mothers.

According to the obtained results, schema therapy can be recommended as an efficient method to increase distress tolerance and resilience of mentally retarded students' mothers.