مجله تصویر سلامت
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1400)

During the COVID-19 Pandemic, political elites in Iran have tried to use social media to express their views, influence public opinion or criticize the government's performance in managing Covid-19 disease. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the tweets related to this Pandemic that were tweeted by Iranian political elites.

This qualitative study is conducted based on the method of content analysis. A list of political elites likely to run for presidency in 1400 presidential election was selected by referring to public and specialized political news websites, their Twitter accounts were identified and all their Persian and English tweets about COVID-19 until the end of 2020 were collected and reviewed. Content analysis method was used for analyzing the tweets.

More than 2,800 tweets from 27 political elites were reviewed. About 18% of the total tweets during this period were related to health and about 84% of the health tweets had COVID-19 content. All tweets related to COVID-19 were categorized under six main themes; notices; policy recommendation; criticism of government performance; situation analysis and future forecasting; warnings and Macroeconomic, social and political issues.

In recent years, the use of Twitter among Iran's political elites has increased significantly. It seems that the tweets of the political elites can influence the public’s views and behaviors as well as the government performance in a major way, leading the government to be more accountable in responsible management of the COVID-19 pandemic. The health system can also make more use of the social network's capacity to inform programs, attract support and disseminate health and prevention perspectives.

The hospital and its supply chain must be resilient in the critical situations. Developing scenario is an important tool for planning and decision-making process in these situations. Therefore, this study intended to develop possible scenarios for hospital supply chain resilience.

This research study is applied in terms of purpose and is based the scenario method and the probabilistic trends approach. The participants of the study were 14 experts from two hospitals who were selected through a purposeful sampling method. The data obtained in the first phase of the semi-structured interviews, were coded and analyzed through using MAXQDA Software. In the next phase, the cross impact analysis questionnaire was used to develop the scenario and the analysis of the data was performed through Scenario Wizard software.

The results of combining 35 states for 12 factors affecting hospital resilience which also included all possible future states, showed that 7 scenarios with high adaptation and 467 scenarios with poor adaptation can be considered. Strong scenarios were divided into three groups of scenarios as "optimistic", "intermediate" and "pessimistic" based on similarity and degree of desirability.

The Findings revealed that the strength of the impact of unfavorable states was more than that of favorable states. Therefore, for the resilience of the hospital supply chain, it is necessary to pay more attention to unfavorable scenarios to provide the necessary preparation to face those states, and with proper planning, the desired states can be achieved.

Although a significant number of Covid-19 patients tend to be hospitalized, few studies have explored the factors related to the hospitalization of these patients. This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the hospitalization and duration of hospitalization of the patients with Covid-19 in Shohada Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran in the first half of 2020.

This cross-sectional study was performed by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a two-part researcher-made checklist. The checklist was sent to 15 specialists in the fields of epidemiology, nursing, statistics and general practitioners to check the content validity. Content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used to check the validity of the content of the checklist and Cronbach's alpha index was used to assess the reliability. To investigate the relationship between the studied variables, independent t-test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Spearman and Pearson test were used at a significance level of 0.05.

The Cronbach's alpha index of the study checklist was equal to (r = 0.824). The total values of the CVI and CVR index for the whole checklist were found to be 0.870 and 0.733respectively. Therefore, it can be claimed that the checklist used in this study an acceptable level of content validity. 291 patients participated in this study. The mean and standard deviation of the length of hospital stay was 7.59 ± 4.14 days. There was a significant relationship between total length of hospital stay and each of the following variables: history of renal impairment (P-value = 0.034), presence of symptoms of shortness of breath (P-value = 0.007), nausea (P-value = 0.016), oxygen therapy (P-value = 0.022), use of Apotel (P-value = 0.045), use of Kaltera (P-value = 0.020), and hydroxychloroquine use (P-value = 0.022).

Symptoms of dyspnea, age, and oxygen therapy were the most important factors influencing the length of hospital stay. Thus, physicians and nurses should prioritize the use of oxygen therapy for patients, especially the elderly ones with the symptoms of dyspnea, in order to accelerate the recovery of the patients, and consequently reduce the duration of hospitalization.

In response to the COVID-19 epidemic, researchers around the world conducted various studies on different dimensions of the disease. Accordingly, this study aimed at investigating the structure and topics of COVID-19 research projects approved in Iran.

This applied research, adopting an analytical approach, was conducted using bibliometric and text mining methods. The statistical population was the COVID-19 research projects approved in Iran in 2020. These research projects were extracted from the database of Iran national committee for ethics in biomedical research (ethics.research.ac.ir). To identify the topics of the research projects on COVID-19 for text mining the English Language titles of the projects were used, topic modeling algorithms was done by the Python programming language.

We selected a total of 6641 COVID-19 research projects approved and conducted in 93 different Iranian universities and research centers. .of the main bulk of the research in this area had been conducted by Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences including 687,662, and 351 cases respectively. COVID-19 Research projects fell into 12 topical categories including Treatment, Care needs of medical staff, Factors affecting disease severity, Mental health and preventive, Diagnostic and laboratory measures, Immunology studies, Vitamins and minerals, Cardiovascular disease, Vaccine studies, Job and life stress, Experiences of nurses, patients and their families and Prevalence and symptoms.

The results of this study clearly show the structural and topic status of research COVID-19 projects approved in Iran during the COVID-19 epidemic.

The Covid-19 pandemic inevitably turned most classrooms into virtual classrooms. Elearning and classroom management style are two important factors known to affect the quality of education. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between classroom management styles and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning in Abadan University of Medical Sciences.

In this cross-sectional analytical study conducted in 1399, teachers of basic and clinical sciences of Abadan University of Medical Sciences were surveyed by census method. The research tools were two questionnaires: classroom management style and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon test and regression through SPSS 21 software.

76 male teachers and 69 female teachers participated in the study. In the field of E-learning, the highest and lowest mean were related to multimedia education (1/57 ± 3/92) and feeling of satisfaction (1/3 ± 3/04), respectively. In the field of classroom management, education had the highest mean (3/03 ± 0/3) while human resources had the lowest mean (2/49 ± 0/34). No significant relationship was observed between attitudes toward E-learning and classroom management.

A positive attitude towards E-learning and dissatisfaction with classroom management can make the educational process difficult for both teachers and students. It is recommended to use new educational methods and strengthen the E-learning infrastructure, train and motivate teachers and avoid island management.

Talent management and emotional intelligence are accounted as a system to recognize, educate, improve and maintain talented people, with the goal of organization empowerment and organizational goal achievement. The present article aimed at developing a model of professional performance health improvement among physical education teachers in East-Azerbaijan province based on their talent management and emotional intelligence.

The present research study’s design was applied in terms of purpose, and correlational in terms of research method. The statistical population included all physical educational teachers in East- Azerbaijan province (N=1312) who were working during 2020-2021 school year. The final sample size consisted of 298 teachers who were randomly selected through Krejcie and Morgan table. The research tools utilized in the present study were Ahmadi et al’s talent management questionnaire, Bradbery and Griooz`s emotional intelligence questionnaire, and professional performance questionnaire developed by Byern et al and Konovy. The data were analyzed both descriptively and inferentially through Spss and Amos softwares. The indices of central tendency and dispersion were used at descriptive level, and multiple regression and structural equations were used at inferential level.

Descriptive analysis of the data showed that the mean and standard deviation of professional performance, talent management and emotional intelligence were 3.84 ± 0.64, 3.77 ± 0.58, 3.83 ± 0.69, respectively. The results of inferential statistics also revealed that Talent management (p<0.001, t= 7.023) and Emotional intelligence (p<0.001, t= 8.316) both had a meaningful positive effect on East- Azerbaijan physical education teachers` professional performance health. Moreover, Talent management with the mediating role of emotional intelligence had also a meaningful positive effect on East- Azerbaijan physical education teachers` professional performance health, too (p<0.001, t= 13.48).

Based on the fact that teachers` professional performance health is significantly influenced by their talent management, it can be concluded that identifying the status of teachers` talents upon their recruitment and providing training to improve their emotional intelligence can facilitate the process of teacher selection while boosting their professional performance health.

Menopause is a normal essential change in women’s body. Acquiring enough knowledge and adopting the right attitude along with suitable practice about menopause, at menopause and earlier age, is important for women to encounter better with its associated consequences and lead a healthy life. The aim of this investigation was to study knowledge, attitudes and practice of women who live in Ahar, one of the big cities in East Azerbaijan Province, about menopausal health.

This was a cross-sectional study including females aged 45-60, conducted from November 2018 to March 2019 in the three healthcare facility centers in Ahar, Iran. Convenience sampling method was employed in this study. For data collection, a standard questionnaire was applied whose validity and reliability had been approved. Through using SPSS16, independent samples T test and multiple regression analysis were employed for Data analysis.

A total of 242 women participated in this study. More than half of the participants were illiterate or just had received elementary education (55.67%) and most of them were married (94.6 %). The mean knowledge, attitude and practice scores were 22.52 ± 3.21 (at the range of zero to 25), 7.81 ± 1.27(at the range of zero to 10) and 2.14±1.33 (at the range of zero to 5), respectively. In multiple regression analysis, there was a statistically significant difference in knowledge, attitude and practice of women’s score with respect to education (p value <0.001).

Though women aged 45-60 years had adequate knowledge and the right attitude toward menopausal health, their practice on this subject was inappropriate. Relevant and useful interventions are required to improve their practice

The goal of industrial coexistence is accessing cheaper resources, avoiding disposal costs or making extra profit from selling by-products. As far as the environment is concerned, its benefits include less consumption of natural resources, less wastage disposal, and less diffusion of gases resulting from raw material production, polluting the air, soil and water. Considering the theoretical and experimental gap in the field of using industrial coexistence networks, the purpose of this study was to develop a a model of incentives for creating and implementing industrial coexistence networks in the country's pharmaceutical companies.

This research was applied-developmental. The statistical population of this research consisted of all pharmaceutical companies in the country. Based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table, we picked 165 companies as our the statistical sample, whose managers were given the questionnaires used in this research study. A researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among the participants after its validity and reliability were confirmed. Structural-interpretive modeling and path-structural modeling were used in order to analyze the data.

Generally, ten main components were found effective to be considered in using industrial coexistence networks in country's pharmaceutical companies. Also, the results of structural-interpretive modeling method revealed that infrastructure and technological readiness as well as the government’s policies are two effective variables among the main components.

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the two important measures to take for creating industrial coexistence in the country's pharmaceutical companies include strengthening the required infrastructure and technologies and adopting appropriate policies for the implementation and enforcement of industrial coexistence networks in pharmaceutical companies.

The most important factor in the failure or success of collective policies in a country is the participation or non-participation of the people.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of research method. The statistical population of this study was adults in Kerman in 1399 that 384 people were selected by simple random sampling. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data and the questionnaire was distributed online. SPSS26 and Amos24 statistical software were used to analyze the data.

The Findings showed that the variables of community attachment and community resilience had a significant effect on the variables of attitude toward community participation and crisis response. Also, the variables of attitude toward community participation have a significant effect on the variable of community participation with the variable of attitude towards response to crisis exerting a significant effect on the variable of community participation (t> 1.96), but the effect of the variable of benefits of community participation on the variables of attitude to community participation and attitude to response to crisis was not statistically significant (t <| 1.96 |).

The results of this study showed that the increase in community attachment and resilience had an effect on the community participation rise. Moreover, the findings revealed that community resilience, attachment and participation are effective factors in crisis response and also participation of people in society and their solidarity and empathy play an important role in controlling and responding to crisis.

Cigarette smoking has challenged the security and social context of youth, health and public health. On the other hand, the negligent view of smoking has pushed the society more towards the normalization of smoking and the youth are attracted to it more and more every day. The aim of this study is to study the etiology of the tendency to smoke by looking at the life experiences of young smokers.

This qualitative study was conducted in Tehran in 2020, using a phenomenological method and semi-structured interviews with 14 young people aged 20 to 35 years who were smoking daily and continuously. Participants were selected using purposive sampling method. Sampling continued until the saturation stage and then the collected data were analyzed by coding method.

Analyzing the participants' experiences led to the identification of 113 primary codes, 19 sub-categories, 8 subclasses and finally 2 main categories. The subclasses included cognitive falsification of the effects of smoking, smoking to reduce psychological problems, smoking to compensate for the feeling of inferiority, desire to smoke when in low spirits, feeling different when smoking, desire to smoke in response to art-induced emotions, easy access to cigarettes and the adverse effect of negative advertising. The main classes consisted of intrapersonal, extrapersonal interpersonal components of the endency to smoke in youth.

Examining the lived experiences of young people in smoking causes a deeper understanding of the components of smoking and consequently leads to a better and faster understanding of other young people of these experiences.

Every year, about three hundred thousands of infant deaths occur because of congenital anomalies. Some continue to live with various types of disabilities. Low and middle income countries have higher rate of congenital anomalies. It is estimated more than 100,000 cases of birth defcets occure annualy in Iran where 70 percent are preventable. There is no long term investigation on the epidemiology and secular trend of congenital anomalies in Iran. The aim of this study was to document the time trend and epidemiological features of congenital anomalies in the northwest of Iran using the Tabriz Registry of Congenital Anomalies (TRoCA) programme.

A total of 297,734 births were registered in the region by TRoCA registry during the study period to estimate the occurrence of total and selected groups of congenital anomalies based on the standard coding system of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Total prevalence was calculated by dividing the numerator (registered cases of congenital anomalies in the TRoCA region) by the relevant denominator (total live and stillbirths in the TRoCA region) for the same period of time.

An overall prevalence rate of 262.9 (CI95%:257.2–268.7) was estimated in the region. Anomalies of genito-urinary tract (59.2 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 56.5–62.0), limb defects (46.3 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 43.9.5–48.8), nervous system anomalies (39.4 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 37.2–41.7), gastrointestinal anomalies (27.8 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 25.9–29.7) and congenital heart diseases (37.1 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 34.9–39.3) were accounted for 80 percent of birth defects. Total prevalence of anomalies was more than tripled in the region over the past two decades. More cases were observed in males, and those with consanguineous marriage.

The increasing trend of the occurrence of congenital anomalies indicates that appropriate care programmes and more effective prenatal screening procedures need to be implemented in the region.