مجله جغرافیا و توسعه
پیاپی 65 (زمستان 1400)

The analysis of the pattern of the arrangement of settlements in the Iran It is effective in creating and developing population centers. This research in the area of spatial planning and relying on quantitative-analytical method, has analyzed the pattern of spatial arrangement of rural settlements based on environmental factors.Therefore, it analyzes the spatial pattern of rural settlements. Morphology of the space of rural settlements in Iran according to environmental factors such as; Elevation, slope, aspect, convex and concave surfaces, land surface temperature (LST), precipitation, relative humidity have been analyzed. And by analyzing and combining these factors, raster data models and new concepts have been invented and explained. After thresholding and coding the raster data model, the spatial relationships between them have been processed and Iran's Geomorphic systems have been extracted. Then, the pattern of spatial syntax of rural settlements and the potential of environmental civilization in each of the Geomorphic systems and subsystems have been analyzed and studied. Also, the potential of environmental civilization with morphological components including Elevation, slope and aspect was calculated and analyzed. The results of this study show that the pattern of spatial syntax of rural settlements has been in interaction with Geomorphic systems and morphological components. Also, the analysis of the land spatial analysis can play an important and effective role in achieving the strategic goals of the Iranian residential system, within the framework of the principles of fundamental spatial planning.

The issue of informal settlements can be considered the biggest challenge for cities today and the biggest challenge for the planet after climate change. These types of settlements, with their various dimensions, are a spatial-physical representation of the antisocial socialization of individuals and groups. The physical representation of these urban phenomena in various labels has always been born in an informal process and has always been seen as an anti-urban phenomenon challenge; the role of factors and drivers influencing the organization of informal settlements in ZanjanThis article deals with the descriptive-analytical method, Data were collected through library and field studies. Data analysis was performed by Delphi method, one-sample t-test and path analysis in DPSIR format with the help of SPSS software.The results showed that according to the one-sample T test, the "impact" component with a coefficient of 2.74 received the highest score. In contrast, the driving force component with a coefficient of 4.87 received the lowest score. Also, based on the route analysis, the "pressure" index with a total impact factor of 0.623 has the greatest impact and causal relationship with the organization of informal settlements.

the most important factor in the formation and continuation of informal settlements is the neglect of the transportation system; Distribution of uses; Pollution; The way of ownership and lack of services. In this regard, to organize informal settlements, strengthen the transportation system; solve the problem of ownership document; improving the quality of life is essential.

In recent years, some researchers have used the concept of "Borrowed size" as a justification for the efficiency of small and medium-sized cities in Poly-centric urban regions. They believe that smaller cities located near or within an integrated functional urban area can take advantage of the population, facilities, and amenities of larger cities while avoiding the agglomeration costs of larger cities such as traffic, high housing prices, and congestion. In this regard, the present article tries to use this concept, in addition to explaining the growth of the furniture industry in the city of Bahnamir, to open the way for its application in urban and regional policies. For this purpose, the applicability of this concept in Bahnamir was measured in four phases: first, specialization and concentration using locational coefficient and firm density, second, a geographical overlap of demand market by connectivity field index, third measurement polycentricity using Green indicator and entropy of daily travel flow data, and finally, the balance between agglomeration economies and diseconomies using Correspondence analysis. Findings show that the city has been able to access the market demand of larger and coastal cities, lower production costs due to cheap land prices, land ownership and cheaper labor, and increasing returns become into a specialized furniture market that achieves better performance than larger cities by increasing competition, lowering prices, diversity and competition. In this regard, it is suggested that this concept could be used as support to reconsider the development role of small and medium-sized cities.

The changes in the ecosystem of Lake Urmia are one of the important changes in the country's water resources therefore, This qualitative research was conducted with the aim of identifying strategies to improve the resilience of farmers in the catchment area of Lake Urmia to adapt to drought. The study population was experts from related organizations (Jihad-e-Keshavarzi, Natural Resources and Lake Urmia Crisis Headquarters) and sampling was performed using purposeful sampling method and snowball technique. Data were collected through 12 focus group discussions and analyzed using open and axial coding methods. The results showed that the strategies for improving resilience, according to experts, include compatible climate water management, compatible climate soil management, compatible climate agriculture management, compatible climate information management, compatible climate livelihood management and adaptive climate community management and also, experts have the most consensus on compatible climate livelihood management, which shows that the most effective solution is to improve the resilience of farmers. The results of this study can be effective in strengthening the farmers' resilience to drought and reducing the psychological and social damage caused by it. will also improve farmers' adaptability to the drought crisis and make better use of these water resources, and will help farmers consider different management practices to deal with a variety of hazards.

Therefore, according to this issue, the present study seeks to analyze and evaluate the role of Khorramabad as a regional economic and demographic core in the sustainable development of the surrounding villages using structural analysis and scenario-based approach. The sample was selected from 30 experts and researchers in the field (15 experts in the field of urban issues and 15 experts in the field of rural issues). MICMAC software was used to analyze the data, and Morphol software was used to formulate the scenarios. Out of five thousand scenarios with validity, ten scenarios with high inertia were selected. Among these ten scenarios, two scenarios with the highest probability of occurrence and a high frequency of 90% were analyzed. Finally, the results showed that the city of Khorramabad could not have a significant impact on the sustainable development of the surrounding villages in the current and future situation (based on scenarios). The number of critical scenarios with frequency 8 equals the optimal scenario with frequency 8. Weakness in health care, lack of proper planning for tourism capacity utilization, lack of funds and validities, infrastructureto implement rural development plan programs due to lack of funding are evident in the lack of sustainable development of these villages in the scenarios. It is clear, however, that if the city of Khoramabad has a positive growth as an economic and demographic center of the region in terms of sustainable development indicators, it will have an impact on the sustainable development of these villages.

Floods, as the most common natural hazard over the past decades, have had many environmental and socioeconomic consequences within floodplains. The occurrence of floods in the Khorram abad River in 1 April 2019 changed the riverbed in many parts of the river, resulting in the erosion of agricultural lands, the destruction of gardens and water transfer canals to rice fields. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in the riverbed as a result of flooding and erosion of agricultural lands in Cham’s. Various tools such as Sentinel satellite images before flood (22 May) and after the flood (29 April), Google Earth images and Arc GIS and ENVI software have been used to analyze different parts of the research. Research Results shows that the riverbed has widened and shifted at several points and flowed in a different direction. The reason for the displacement was the severity of the floods, loose and erosive alluvial sediments, and the interference of rural communities in the form of the expansion of agricultural lands in the riverside Chams. The relocation and widening of the riverbed has eroded 20 Cham’s of the studied agricultural lands by 48.3 hectares and reduced the rice harvest by 95.7 tons. Other research results indicate the vulnerability of villages based on the amount of damage caused by erosion of rivers and reduction of rice harvest, so that the most damage is done to downstream villages and the least damage is done to villages upstream.

The design of urban spaces, the existence of worn-out and abandoned textures, etc. can exacerbate deviations in general and the tendency towards drug addiction in particular. To this end, the present study is to investigate the effect of urban spaces on the tendency towards drug addiction of citizens living in District 3 of Isfahan. The present study is applied, and the snowball sampling technique was used for selecting participants. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed for collecting data. Moreover, seven indices (worn-out texture, abandoned buildings, incompatible jobs, parks and green spaces, disturbing businesses, streets, passages and alleys, historical texture and cultural heritage) were selected for assessment of the effect of urban spaces on the tendency towards drug-addiction. Employing the regression and structural equation model (SEM), which is a combination of structural and factor analysis models, as well as AMOS and SPSS software, it has been determined that green spaces and parks as well as their design and positioning have the highest role in the tendency towards addiction among citizens. In the regression analysis, 0.219 of the variances of the variable of the tendency to the drugs due to this variable. Exhausted textures that is more in this area than other areas plays an important role in the tendency to drug abuse and is an important factor that explains 0.203 of the variance of dependent variable. The results of regression analysis show that the variables affecting the research totally have been able to explain 0.631 of the variance of the dependent variable

Adaptation to coronary heart disease is a thought-provoking phenomenon in which the first step is to define an appropriate strategy to prevent its spread. But for this purpose, a careful behavior must be done to achieve appropriate models for proper management. The research tried to achieve this goal by examining samples from the study area. Applied research in terms of type and method of data collection analysis and mixed data collection as a combination of purposeful interview methods, observation, note-taking and questionnaire was done by the researcher. The semantic units of the interview were coded and classified in MAXQDA after reaching theoretical saturation by open source method. The structures were prepared for analysis in the structural-interpretive model of ISM and were surveyed by 20 local experts using a researcher-made questionnaire. The structures were then clustered in the MICMAC model. Travel to the rural area studied and the improvement of health services should be considered as the first level of coronary heart disease management. According to other research results, two structures of cooperation and participation of residents and relevant organizations were obtained as two key structures in the MICMAC model that can act as key and underlying factors in disease management in the study area. To start and change the management of coronary heart disease, these two structures should be emphasized. The research findings also suggest 4 strategies for the rural area that can be a practical guide for the development of health policies and guidelines for the rural area.

One of the so-called hidden challenges is the occurrence of floods as an increasing risk. However, effective policy-making, providing the necessary facilities and resources, formulating appropriate forecasts, preparing appropriate scenarios and implementing planned actions in the pre-crisis, post-crisis and post-crisis stages are among the main tasks of institutions. It is governmental, but the way these tasks are performed varies at the levels of political management. In this research, while assessing the capacity of crisis management stages of flood occurrence in Ilam city, this issue is examined from the perspective of the target groups. The research approach is applied in terms of purpose and methodologically. The study of the basics and extraction of study indicators by the library method and in the field section was based on the survey method of the target groups and the use of questionnaires and interviews. In the work process, one-sample t-tests and factor analysis have been used. According to the theoretical approaches of crisis management and by measuring how to react to it, 45 variables extracted from the basics were provided to 73 experts, experts, managers, members of associations and relevant urban institutions in the form of a Likert questionnaire in the form of a snowball questionnaire. Evaluating the variables with unfavorable status among the variables measured by flood crisis management based on the sample test of multivariate variables of management and vulnerability, are directly related to each other and lack of physical management and lack of sustainable regeneration of worn urban structures as undesirable

Parks are elemental components of urban landscapes that provide environmental and social function values. They contribute directly to public health by reducing stress and mental disorders, increasing the effect of physical activities, reducing health inequalities and increasing perception of life quality and self-reported general health. As human society is increasingly becoming urbanized and congested, park provision is of strategic importance to improve the quality of urban life.A starting point for inquiries about utilization and potential benefits of urban parks is an assessment of their geographical accessibility. The accessibility of urban park is an important indicator to reflect how much the natural service supplied by parks could be enjoyed by citizens conveniently and fairly. More people are attracted to parks due to short distance from their destination and parks area. Based on Arc GIS, this article calculates and analyzes the accessibility and enjoyment of the study area to urban parks.

Surface temperature is one of the important parts of the climate system that changes in land use and land cover cause its change and intensification. This study aimed to investigate the effect of land cover changes on Spatio-temporal changes in land surface temperature over 30 years using remote sensing and Landsat satellite images in Darab plain. After the required preprocessing on the images, classification maps of different types of land cover in the study area were prepared and the changes that occurred in each class were investigated. According to the studies, the rangeland class had the highest rate of changes and transformations with 72.14%. In the next step, Land surface temperature (LST) maps were extracted using the normalized index in 5 different classes. Among the temperature classes, the moderate temperature class had the largest area during the study period, which is distributed in almost all areas. Findings indicate that the vegetation areas with an average temperature of 29.82 ° C had a lower temperature than other areas without vegetation. In terms of land uses in the study area, the highest surface temperature during 30 years with an average of 38.07 degrees Celsius belongs to the barren land class. Another significant finding of the research is that the average temperature of pastures (32.03) and residential areas (33.37) of the study area during the study period are close to each other.