Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Sep 2021

Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders. It presents with a persistent fear of one or more social or functional situations and is highly prevalent. This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of spiritual wellbeing in social anxiety.

The method of research was descriptive correlational. The study population included all students of Al-Zahra University in the 2018-2019 academic year. The cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 290 samples. Data collection tools included social phobia inventory and spiritual wellbeing. A correlation and multivariate regression test was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the dimensions of spiritual wellbeing have a negative relationship with social anxiety. Based on these results, the correlation coefficient (r=0.157) between the total score of spiritual wellbeing and social anxiety is significant (P<0.01). Also, the results showed that the spiritual wellbeing variable explains 10% of the changes in social anxiety.

According to these findings, planning, and teaching to promote students’ spiritual wellbeing are essential in reducing their social anxiety.

People are always looking for new ways to achieve a good and healthy life. They associate such a life with wellbeing and happiness. The World Health Organization defines health as a form of wellbeing, in which each person identifies his or her abilities and plays a role in society effectively. Many studies have shown the correlation between moral virtues and psychological wellbeing. This research aims to study the role of militancy/ peacefulness morality in predicting psychological wellbeing among university students.

This research was a correlational study. The sample size was calculated based on Kline guideline. We included in our study 530 (226 males and 304 females) undergraduate students in humanities, engineering, basic sciences, art, and architecture. They were selected by random cluster sampling method from different faculties of Shiraz University, Shiraz City, Iran, from January to September 2019. Then, they responded to Ryff’s psychological wellbeing scale and researcher-made militancy/peacefulness scale. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in AMOS software.

Their Mean±SD total scores of wellbeing and militancy were 21.62±4.54 and 52.75±10.15, respectively. The results of analytical statistics showed that militancy/peacefulness (such as hatred, mischief, slander, and stupidity) is a negative predictor of psychological wellbeing. The obtained results of this analysis also showed that the final model of the study has good fitness.

Considering the findings of this study, we recommend teaching peaceful behaviors in universities by using educational workshops in the field of moral virtue.

A human is a social being and needs social cohesion, support, and understanding. The relationship between the dentist and patient is a specific example of social support and empathy. The patient is also an example of social support. An empathetic dentistpatient relationship can effectively improve the physical, psychological, and social wellbeing of the patient. In this relationship, a physician can make a better diagnosis and deliver a more satisfactory treatment outcome. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate empathy and its related factors in dental students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand City, Iran, in 2020.

The study population consisted of all students of clinical dentistry. After obtaining informed consent from the students, Jefferson’s questionnaire was distributed among them. Students’ demographic information was asked in the questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA and the independent t test at the significant level of 0.05.

A total of 78 (42.3% male and 57.7% female) dental students participated in this study. Their Mean±SD score of empathy was 57±5.57. The mean empathy score was significantly higher in females than males (P=0.04). The mean score of empathy was significantly higher in students who were more interested in their field (P=0.03). The mean score of empathy for students was not significantly different in terms of study semester (P=0.06), marital status (P=0.95), communication skills (P=0.16), and mother’s (P=0.11), and father’s (P=0.92) education.

The mean score of empathy was significantly higher in females and students who were more interested in their field.

In the past few decades, spiritual health, as one of the dimensions of health besides physical, mental, and social health, has drawn the attention of psychologists and mental health professionals more than ever. However, there is a research gap in our country, so the primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and school burnout with the mediating role of social support.

This descriptive correlational research used the path analysis method. The statistical population comprised all sixth-grade female students (600 people) in Rudbar City, Iran, in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample size is calculated with the Morgan table (234 people). The samples were recruited by a simple random sampling method, and the research tools were the related questionnaire. The content validity and reliability of this research were confirmed. The tests were analyzed according to the research questions by path analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the 1-sample t test. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS v. 26 software and LISREL software v. 8.8.

There is a significant relationship between spiritual health and school burnout (P=0.01). Also, there is a significant relationship between spiritual health and social support (P=0.01). The t values obtained from the studied paths have P-values less than 0.05, so the indirect effects were statistically significant. So, social support has had an indirect impact on spiritual health and academic burnout.

One of the influential factors in reducing school burnout and increasing spiritual health is the social support perceived by students.

Spirituality and psychological interventions are effective in promoting mental health and treating patients undergoing hemodialysis. The present study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) before dialysis, with and without mindfulness exercises during dialysis, on the spiritual health of these patients.

The research design was quasi-experimental with a control group (two experimental groups and one control group) and a two-month follow-up. The study population included all patients on hemodialysis referring to hospitals affiliated to Imam Zaman Hospital in Mashhad City, Iran, from July to December 2020. A total of 60 patients were selected by a purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria. Then, they were randomly divided into three groups. The research instrument included a spiritual health questionnaire, and data analysis was performed by repeated-measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that both experimental groups of ACT before dialysis (P<0.001), with or without mindfulness plus exercises during dialysis (P=0.004), were effective on spiritual health in patients on hemodialysis.

ACT alone as an effective intervention can be used in medical centers to increase the spiritual health of patients on hemodialysis.

In the care and treatment of patients in need of dialysis, spiritual experiences as a method of problem-solving in crises and problems can facilitate adaptation to dialysis. This study investigated the mediating role of spiritual experiences with ego strength on the adaptation to dialysis.

The statistical population included all patients in need of dialysis referred to the Educational-Research Center of Abu Ali Sina Hospital in Shiraz City, Iran, in 2019. Out of them, 120 patients were selected by a convenience sampling method. The study data were collected through the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES), ego strength, and adaptation to disease. Then, the obtained data were analyzed based on structural equations in Amos v. 21 software.

The findings showed that ego strength is significant with spiritual experiences and adaptation to dialysis. But the relationship between spiritual experiences and adaptation to dialysis is not significant. Also, the direct and indirect effects of the variables showed that ego strength as a predictor variable and spiritual experiences as a mediating variable could predict adaptation to dialysis (P<0.01). But the ego strength through spiritual experiences cannot predict adaptation to dialysis.

According to the research findings, ego strength can predict disease adaptation in dialysis patients, but daily spiritual experiences cannot lead to disease adaptation in dialysis patients.

This review article is based on jurisprudential rulings, legal approaches, social aspects, medical and ethical approach perspectives , and clarifies decisions related to the issue of brain death. Correct understanding of the brain death phenomenon in terms of brain structure and functioning, and the attitude of the community towards this phenomenon, and in particular the understanding of the condition of a patient with brain death in the future, will modify the form and content of the type of decision and process of the content. Human after the spirit insufflation will have been moral identity, and this identity remains with him until death and even after it .Brain death is a Neologism that hase propeled Experts in the fields of medicine, theology, law and even public to Try and Challenging the vague secret of death .Consistency Braindeath with absolute death Has serious pros and cons Which each other By resorting to Arguments desired , Try to Proving their alleged tendency views .

This research is a review article with Analytical descriptive and correlational method, by collecting information through the in which the resources include books, articles and electronic resources from the library of the Museum of History of Medicine and Central Library and Electronic Resources in the search engines google scholar, Pubmed , Direct Science, Ovid, SID, Iran medex and in If necessary, other databases have been searched by keywords.

Brain death is accepted in many countries as certain death. Sum Of the arguments seem to brain death is unequivalent exactly to certain death and don’t lapses human from humanity and At least the existence. the concepts of spirit, life and death,can be understood not by their quiddity but by their effect . according to Islamic thoughts , life and death is based on the presentation and separation soul from the body. It is seemed on the Islamic thought basis ,

Brain death isnchr('39')t realy equivalent with certain death because it has not broken relatinsheep between the spirit and body perfectly. From the perspective of medical ethics this is important that be accepted harvesting Vital organs from brain dead patients is cause of death them. Assuming the viability of brain dead patients , harvest any organ that led to his death is morally unacceptable Except with prior permission or substitute decision maker .