نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 59 (بهار 1400)

Various psychological vulnerabilities such as uncertainty, perceived vulnerability to disease, psychological vulnerability background, anxiety, and worry can contribute to the fear of the coronavirus disease. One of these factors is anxiety sensitivity that refers to the fear of the feelings associated with anxiety arousal due to perceived physical, psychological, or social consequences. There is evidence that anxiety sensitivity plays an important role in the persistence and progression of anxiety symptoms in all anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anxiety sensitivity and uncertainty intolerance in predicting the severity of coronavirus disease anxiety. For this purpose, a descriptive correlational study was conducted on 128 volunteers assessed in terms of Covid-19 disease anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and uncertainty intolerance. The results of multiple regression analysis showed the existence of a significant relationship between disease anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and uncertainty intolerance (p <.001). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that 30.1% of the variance of coronavirus disease anxiety was explainable by anxiety sensitivity and uncertainty intolerance. According to the results of this study, anxiety sensitivity and uncertainty intolerance can be considered appropriate predictors of coronavirus disease anxiety.

Personality disorders have a wide range and pervasive effects on personal life and interpersonal relationships. Understanding the factors predisposing to personality disorders helps obtain a more accurate understanding of suitable preventive measures and treat these disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fitness of an alternative model for DSM-5 personality disorders in predicting the symptoms of cluster B personality disorders in a non-clinical population. For this purpose, in a descriptive cross-sectional study, 52 students studying in the universities of East Azerbaijan province of Iran were selected by the accessible sampling method. These students were evaluated for personality disorders. The results of structural equation modeling indicated a positive and significant relationship between abnormal personality dimensions and cluster B personality disorders. According to correlation coefficients, the abnormal personality dimensions of negative emotions, failure, opposition, uncontrollably, and psychosis were significantly associated with cluster B personality disorders, including antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder (P<0.05). The results of structural equations also indicated that abnormal personality dimensions, both in terms of the items and in general, could predict the symptoms of cluster B personality disorders. Overall, the results of this study showed a significant correlation between cluster B personality disorder and abnormal personality dimensions. In addition, the strength of this relationship could predict abnormal personality dimensions.

Fear of disease progression as one of the most important psychological structures is one of the most common symptoms distress and stress for patients with a life-threatening disease. Fear of disease progression can be defined as a realistic reactive fear of which the person is fully aware. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the psychological distress and fear of disease progression of patients with hashimoto's hypothyroidism. For this purpose, in a quasi-experiential   study with pre-test, post-test, follow up and control group, 32 patients with hashimoto's hypothyroidism among the patients referred to clinics of subspecialty physicians in Karaj were selected by available sample and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n= 16 each).  The groups were evaluated for psychological distress and fear of disease progression before and after the treatment intervention and three months after the end of the research. The result of analysis   of   covariance with repeated measures showed a significant difference in fear of disease progression and psychological distress between the performance of two experimental and control groups. The results indicate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the fear of disease progression and psychological distress in patients with hypothyroidism; therefore, this intervention can be used as a complementary treatment, along with medication, to improve the lives of patients with hashimoto's disease.

Schemas are deep beliefs that shape how people view things and They are usually the result of unsatisfied basic needs, especially the emotional needs of childhood. People with psychosomatic disorders have more dysfunctional and maladaptive schemas than healthy people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on emotional deprivation, anxiety, depression and stress in women with functional dyspepsia in Isfahan. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and control group, 16 women with functional dyspepsia in Isfahan were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 8 people experimental and control. Schema therapy sessions were held in groups of 8 90-minute sessions. Subjects were assessed for stress, anxiety, depression and emotional deprivation schemas before and after the intervention. The results of analysis of covariance showed that schema therapy significantly reduced emotional deprivation, anxiety, depression and stress in the experimental group compared to the control group.  It can be concluded that Schema therapy is an effective intervention in improving the mental health of patients with functional dyspepsia and reducing the components of emotional deprivation, anxiety, depression and stress due to the correction of maladaptive schemas.

The growing number of obese and overweight people is a serious health problem. Obesity and overweight have been noted among the most serious health threats and the epidemics of the third millennium. The aim of the present research was to compare the effects of mindfulness and biofeedback exercises on attention control, executive functions, and food cravings in overweight and obese women. In this quasi-experimental study, 48 women referring to the clinic of the Oil and Gas Company of Bandar Abbas were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the three groups of mindfulness, biofeedback, and control. The participants in these groups were evaluated for attention control, executive functions, and food craving before, after and one month after the interventions. The results of analysis of covariance showed that the intervention groups had higher control attention scores while lower mean scores for executive functions and food craving than the control group. The results indicated the effectiveness of mindfulness and biofeedback exercises on improving executive functions and attention control and reducing craving for foods in overweight and obese women. Therefore, identifying the mechanisms underlying the effects of these two interventions can have positive consequences on the cognitive and psychological abilities of overweight and obese women.

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders among men and women, which is associated with cognitive, emotional, behavioral and physiologic symptoms. This disorder is relatively chronic and a significant percentage of people who suffer from this disorder experience frequent recurrence. Research about the impact of lifestyle on both the physical and mental illnesses, particularly chronic illnesses, has been considered in the contemporary age. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle training on cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms in people who suffer from major depression. In order to this, an experimental and single case study with multiple baselines with three patients with major depressive disorder who were selected by using purposive method was implemented. The sample of study was chosen from people with major depression who refer to the counseling and psychological services centers in Tehran. Visuals inspection, improvement percentage and effect size showed that lifestyle training is clinically efficient on the reduction of cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms in people who suffer from depression. Lifestyle training has appropriate efficacy in the reduction of cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms.

Self-care  in diabetes is one of the most important factors in controlling the disease. Capability and acceptance status is the personality factors that affect the condition of patients and increase their power to deal with problems among disease. The aim of this study was design a model for promotion of self-care behaviors diabetic patient according to life style, diabetes knowledge and disease perception with mediating role of psychological capital. For this purpose, during a research a correlational description of 216 patients with type 2 diabetes in Mazandaran diabetes association by available sampling method selection and self-care behavior lifestyle, disease perception, diabetic knowledge and psychological capital were evaluated. Data analyzed using structural equations indicated that the variables of life style, diabetes knowledgem illness perception and psychological capital had a direct and significant relationship with self-care behavior and psychological capital had mediating role in this relation. Result showed the proposed model for diabetic patients has goodness of fit.

Bipolar disorder affects an individual’s mood, energy, and routine life activities. This disorder is associated with dysfunctions in cognitive and executive function and influences different aspects of one’s life. attention, verbal learning and executive function are domains affected the most in bipolar disorder. Also, more neurocognitive dysfunctions in verbal memory, working memory, visuospatial abilities and some aspects of executive functions including planning, working memory, processing speed, psychomotor speed and sustained attention among patients with psychotic features is reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive dysfunctions of patients with type 1 bipolar disorder with psychotic features in comparison with the control group. In this regard, by a causal-comparative study, a sample selected by convenience sampling method included 45 patients with bipolar disorder and 54 subjects as the healthy control group and their cognitive function were assessed. The results of multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant differences between the two groups in terms of the cognitive functions of memory, attention, intelligence, and cognitive inhibition. Results of this study supports this finding that bipolar disorder is associated with cognitive profile difficulty in comparison with normal control group.