مجله علوم غذایی و تغذیه
سال نوزدهم شماره 3 (تابستان 1401)

The inclination to manufacture beneficial dairy products has increased in recent years, as consumers pay more attention to food products with adequate sensory qualities and health benefits.

The current study looked first at the anti-diabetic efficacy of milk fermented by Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and Lactobacillus helveticus strains isolated from traditional yogurt as well as co-culture of two-strain based on the inhibitory activity of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes for the production of functional fermented milk. Then, added 1% inulin as an appropriate and applied prebiotic to fermented milk resulting from the combination of two strains and evaluated physicochemical, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, proteolysis rate, and population of bacteria during 19 days at 4°C.

The results indicated that milk fermented with two-strain bacterial intercropping had stronger inhibitory activity on alpha-amylase (45%) and alpha-glucosidase (35%) than single strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus helveticus (p<0.05). The addition of inulin increased the inhibitory activity of alpha-amylase (20%) and alpha-glucosidase (33%) at the end of fermentation, respectively. During storage at 4°C, the composition two bacterial strains and inuline significantly increased the population of bacteria, acidity and viscosity and significantly reduced the pH and proteolysis rate of fermented milk. However, there was a decrease in antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.

The results revealed that both bacterial strains in combination with inulin have the capacity to produce functional food.

Cakes are baked products highly appreciated by the consumers worldwide. Regardless of the number of functions performed by egg proteins in improving cakes, the current trend is to reduce the egg content or to replace eggs in order to diminish the total production cost and also satisfy consumers with specific dietary restrictions or needs.

In this study, physicochemical and organoleptical properties of shortened cake prepared by substitution of egg with different levels of whey protein concentrate and modified starch in the formulation were evaluated. WPC at levels of 25%,50%,100% and modified starch at levels of 25%,50%,100%, were considered as variable treatments.

The results of these experiments showed that Batter Viscosity, Batter Specific volume, Cake hardness, Cake moisture, Cake volume and Cake height, have a meaningful difference as compared to the control sample in all the cases examined (P<0.05). Also pH values of the cake don’t have a meaningful difference as compared to the control sample in all the cases examined (P>0.05). All of sensory properties have a meaningful difference as compared to the control sample in all the cases examined (P<0.05).

It was concluded that WPC alone was an appropriate substitution for egg. Although modified starch alone was not an appropriate substitution for egg, the application of modified starch at levels of 25 and 50% along with WPC could be an appropriate substitution for egg while maintaining sensory properties and improving the physicochemical properties of eggless cake.Keywords: cake, modified starch, whey protein concentrate

In this study, phenolic compounds, anti-radical, antibacterial activity (against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and anti-mildew (against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) essential oil of rosehip extract were studied. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were determined by Folin Siocalto methods and free radical scavenging of DPPH, respectively. The antibacterial and antifungal effect of pulp extract from rose water was tested by serial dilution titration method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The results showed that the amount of phenolic compounds in total pulp essential oil obtained from rose water was 110.55 mg gallic acid / ml of essential oil and IC50 was 82.5 μl / l. With increasing the concentration of essential oil, the percentage of removal of DPPH free radicals increased and the concentration of 1000 ppm of essential oil had 92.4% of the free radical scavenging activity of DPPH. In the study of the effect of essential oil on microbial properties, it was found that it has an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, but this inhibitory effect is much less compared to the two antibiotics streptomycin and penicillin. It was also observed that the essential oil of rose-hip extract has a good inhibitory effect against Aspergillus flavus mold, which is equivalent to the antibiotic nystatin and much better than the antibiotic fluconazole, and has inhibitory effects against Aspergillus parasiticus mold. It has twice the inhibitory effect of the antibiotic fluconazole and half the antibiotic nystatin

In recent years, algae have been considered as a rich source of valuable nutrients and diverse bioactive compounds in different studies and have got noticed by many researchers. Providing a suitable carbon source for algae cultivation with the aim of nutritional and medicinal uses, has made the production process expensive.

Recently, various studies have been carried out on cultivation techniques of different types of algae based on the use of new and inexpensive carbon sources. Agricultural and food waste are rich sources of carbon. Annually, 1.3 percent of the total volume of food in the world is turned into waste. Therefore, many studies have investigated the use of food waste as a substrate for algae cultivation. For example the use of various wastes and by-products of food factories, surplus products and agricultural products and even food industry wastewater for algae cultivation. This article discusses some of the research conducted in this field.

Due to the significant sugar and carbon content in agricultural and food waste, they can be regarded as a great substrate for algae cultivation for using them toward various food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Independence of light in mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation has significantly reduced costs and space compared to autotrophic culture.

According to the results of various studies, it can be expected that the heterotrophic method for cultivating algae by use of agricultural wastes and food residues will play an important role in meeting future nutritional needs.

Over the past decade, the consumption of lean and low-fat foods has expanded significantly, as there is a link between fat consumption and many diseases, including obesity, Cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and cancer., the food industry is facing increasing demand for reducing the amount of fat in food products. Yogurt is one of the most popular dairy products that has a special place in the diet of consumers. Because fat reduction reduces the sensory properties of yogurt, researchers are looking to use suitable fat substitutes to improve the properties food. In this study, low-fat prebiotic yogurt uses inulin. poly dextrose (zero, 2 and 3%) and carboxy methyl cellulose in combination with inulin-carboxy methyl cellulose and poly dextrose-carboxy Methylcellulose was performed. The results showed that the amount of Syneresisdecreased with increasing inulin concentration and poly dextrose. Meanwhile, adding a constant concentration of carboxy methyl cellulose to different samples containing inulin and carboxy methyl cellulose further reduced the Syneresis.Which had a non-significant effect on pH and acidity. Examination of rheological properties showed that the addition of inulin and poly dextrose increases the apparent viscosity, storage modulus and modulus of loss of low-fat yogurt, and the addition of a constant concentration of carboxy methyl cellulose improves the rheological properties as much as possible.Statistical findings of sensory evaluation of low-fat yogurt showed that the addition of inulin poly dextrose along with a constant concentration of carboxy methyl cellulose improves the overall acceptance of low-fat yogurt .

Obesity is characterized by several metabolic complications such as increased profibrogenic parameters of liver tissue. Most anti-obesity drugs have liver side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of aerobic training and royal jelly on profibrogenic parameters of liver tissue and insulin resistance in obese rats.

In this experimental study, 45 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD), high fat diet - training (HFDT), high fat diet - royal jelly (HFDRJ) and high fat diet - training - royal jelly (HFDTRJ). The supplement groups received 100 mg of royal jelly (per kg of body weight) diluted in distilled water orally during the intervention period. Aerobic training program including running on treadmill with intensity of 50-60% VO2max was performed 5 days week for eight weeks. The genes expression of Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) and Smad3 were measured by Real Time PCR.

There was significant increase of TGF-β, Smad3 and insulin resistance in HFD, HFDT, HFDRJ and HFDTRJ groups compared to ND group (P=0.001). Also, there was a significant decrease of TGF-β, Smad3 and insulin resistance in HFDT, HFDRJ and HFDTRJ groups compared to HFD group; and HFDTRJ compared to HFDRJ groups (P=0.001).

It seems that the aerobic training with royal jelly can help to decrease of insulin resistance and improve the profibrogenic parameters of liver tissue in obesity caused by high-fat diet.

In this study, the effect of different concentrations of three types of gasmixtures (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen), as well as vacuum and also ordinaryconditions as control and essential oils of rosemary and cuminum to increase shelf life ofthe fresh veal meat at 40C in a 3-layer pouch(124 μ) were evaluated.

Ordinary conditions as control packaging, were compared withfour kinds of modified atmosphere packaging 1)80% CO2 + 20% N2 , 2) 20% CO2 + 80%N2 , 3)%48.5 CO2+48.5% N2 + 3%O2 and 4) under vacuum condition along with injectionof rosemary and cuminum essential oils (1.5 % WE/WS), and samples without essentialoils.Microbial test concerned with aerobics and anaerobic count were peformed on thesamples during 20 days of storage , chemical tests concerned with pH and peroxide as wellas sensory evaluation were due conducted.

The results indicated that the shelf life of veal meat with rosemary essential oilunder gas compositions , 80% CO2 ; 48.5% CO2 & 20% CO2 ; 20, 18 ,15 days,respectively, in vacuum and ordinary conditions were 12 , 8 days, with cuminum essentialoil in gas compositions, 80% CO2 ,17 days , in conditions 48.5% CO2 & 20% CO2 15 and13 days, in vacuum and control were 10 , 6 days, without essential oil injection, under gascompositions 80% CO2 ; 48.5% CO2 & 20% CO2 ; 13, 11, 10 days in vacuum and ordinaryconditions were 8 , 4 days, respectively.

The best condition belonged to the samples containing rosemary essential oilunder the condition 80% CO2 after 20 day, and had desirable effects on microbialpopulation (aerobics bacteria "5.314 logcfu/ml”, anaerobic bacteria "3.77 logcfu/ml”), pH(5.42), PV (3.993) and also sensory properties of the samples.

The aim of this study is to optimize the formulation of beneficial ice cream based on almond milk, hazelnut oil and grape juice.

For this purpose, treatment was performed based on the ice cream formulation and based on the highest level of response. Response variables include; The melting point overrun and overall acceptance. The functional relationship between the parameters affecting the ice cream formulation was determined using the Box Bancon experimental design.

In this study, the aim of optimization is to achieve the highest percentage of overrun and the highest melting resistance, which is one of the important quality indicators of ice cream in consumer acceptance. Based on the selected models, the optimal formulation selected by the software included 10.57% hazelnut oil, 63.26% almond milk and 25.81% grape juice.

The presence of almond milk, grape juice and hazelnut oil in the ice cream formula improved the effective properties such as firmness, increased overrun and melting resistance of ice cream in promoting marketability and product acceptance by consumers. Almond milk increased the volume and decreased the melting point by increasing its viscosity and high protein content. With the addition of grape juice and hazelnut oil, the overall acceptance rate was higher. As a result, these plant compounds with beneficial nutritional and health properties can be used in ice cream formulations and while maintaining the texture and melting properties of ice cream, lead to the production of useful products.