فصلنامه پژوهش در نظام های آموزشی
پیاپی 55 (زمستان 1400)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of child-parent relationships play therapy on emotion regulation and subjective vitality in students with learning disorders. The research was a quasi-experimental study (pre-test-post-test with a control group). The statistical population consisted of students from third-grade to sixth-grade with learning disabilities who had been referred to the learning disability centers of Birjand during the school year of 2020-2021. Thirty students were selected and divided randomly into experimental and control groups. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John 2003) and Subjective vitality scale (Ryan & Frederick, 1997) assessment instrument had been used. The plan based on child-parent relationship therapy was performed for the experimental group during ten virtual sessions. The results of multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance showed play therapy based on child-parent relationships had a significant effect on emotion regulation and subjective vitality in students with learning disorders. However, it did not affect the combination of dependent variables of emotion regulation and subjective vitality. Even though the effective use of all emotion regulation strategies has an effect on the well-being and vitality of students with learning disabilities, using only two strategies of Reappraisal and Suppression can’t increase higher subjective vitality in these students undoubtedly. It can be concluded that the treatment in question affects the emotion regulation and subjective vitality of students with learning disabilities and can be used to help them.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of predictors of cognitive emotion regulation skills, psychological hardiness and resilience on corona anxiety. This research is applied according to the purpose and according to the method, it is descriptive-correlation in the method of prediction. The statistical population included all students of Payame Noor University of Shiraz in the academic year 1300-1499, whose number was about 8064 people, a sample of 367 people was selected by stratified method. Data collection tools included questionnaires of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, psychological hardiness, resilience and corona anxiety. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests. The results showed that positive strategies for cognitive emotion regulation, components of psychological hardiness and resilience with corona anxiety have a negative correlation at the level of 0.01. But there is a positive correlation between negative strategies and corona anxiety. The results of regression analysis also showed that through positive coping strategies of emotion, commitment, control, challenge and resilience, corona anxiety scores can be predicted inversely. Negative emotion regulation strategies also directly predicted corona anxiety scores. Therefore, to reduce corona anxiety, special attention should be paid to the categories of cognitive emotion regulation, psychological stubbornness and resilience.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of research help seeking and research self-efficacy in the prediction of research anxiety among graduate students during the Coronavirus 2019 Epidemic (COVID-19). The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study included all graduate students of Yasouj University in the academic year 2020-2021. 343 graduate students were selected as the sample group by available sampling method. Data collection tools included Rezvani Research help seeking Questionnaire (2016), Biocosturk Research Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (2011), and Research Anxiety Questionnaire of Borang et al. (2017). Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that a significant relationship was observed between researches help seeking and research self-efficacy with research anxiety(P<0.05). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the variables of avoidance of help seeking, need for help, problem recognition self-efficacy, methodological self-efficacy and reporting self-efficacy have the ability to predict research anxiety(P<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that research help seeking and research self-efficacy lead to reduce research anxiety students during COVID-19.

The spread of Corona and the consequent closure of educational centers in the world and in Iran caused the form of education to change from face-to-face or virtual. Hence, the lack of necessary infrastructure, teachers 'and students' unfamiliarity with virtual learning caused families, students and schools to face a huge learning challenge. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to identify the indicators of educational of the Corona. The nature of the research is qualitative in terms of content analysis style. The sample size after theoretical saturation was 11 people and purposefully selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and data analysis by thematic method using MAXQDA10 software. Findings showed that educational indicators in times of crisis and corona outbreak included 5 cases; "Factors related to school, family, teachers, communication infrastructure and factors related to students." Therefore, creating communication infrastructure in all parts of the country, including villages and cities, creating a culture of e-learning and holding in-service courses to improve the productivity of teachers in conducting e-learning can help education in times of crisis.

The aim of this study was to survey mediating role of loneliness between fear of corona and perceived social support with psychological well-being of junior high school students in the corona pandemic. In this descriptive study, the statistical population of the study included all high school students in Isfahan in the academic year 2021-2022. For this purpose, 225 were selected by cluster sampling method and researched into questionnaires including fear of corona )Weiss et al, 2020), (Russell,1980), perceived social support of (Zimet et al,1988) and psychological well-being (Ryff et al, 2002) responded. Research data were analyzed using statistical software package for social sciences and structural equation modeling using SPSS23 statistical software and PLS3 software. The results showed that psychological well-being had a negative relationship with social support and feelings of loneliness and a significant positive relationship with perceived social support. Feelings of loneliness mediate the relationship between fear of coronation, feelings of loneliness, and perceived social support(P<0/05). The results of the structural equation model had a good fit and the feeling of loneliness mediated the relationship between corona fear and perceived social support with the psychological well-being of junior high school male students.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect ofteacher Corrective feedback on the anxiety level of Covid-19 female students with depression in Ardabil secondary high school. This research was a quasi-experimental study in which a pre-test-post-test design with a control group was used. The sample of the study was 40 subjects who were among high school girls with depression in the Beck 2 depression list of Ardabil city using multi-stage random cluster random sampling method and using simple random sampling method. The intervention groups were "providing teacher correction feedback" (20 people) and control (20 people). For the intervention group, 12 sessions of one and a half hours were performed. For data collection Covid-19 Anxiety Questionnaire Alipour et al(2017) and Beck Depression inventory version two(1978) were used in the pre-test and post-test stages for the two intervention and control groups. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 24. The results of multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance showed a significant difference between the two groups . The results showed that the anxiety level of Covid-19 in the intervention group was significantly reduced compared to the control group . Therefore, According to the results it was found that "teacher Corrective feedback" has a positive and significant effect on the anxiety of Covid-19 female students with depression. Therefore, the relevant authorities working in the field of education should pay special attention of teacher Corrective feedback in this Covid-19 course in order to reduce the level of anxiety in students with depression.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for identifying the consequences of psychological distress during the spread of coronavirus pandemic by mediating role of family emotional climate, which was a practical research in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlative in nature. The statistical population of the study included all Iranians in the country during the spread of coronavirus pandemic. The sample was 590 people who were selected from men and women from different provinces. Sampling was performed based on multistage cluster method which twelve provinces were selected as the target and then the questionnaires were completed by online survey. Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (2002), Steger meaning of life (2010) and researcher-constructed feeling loneliness and Emotional Family Climate Scale were used to collect the data. Structural equation model was used for statistical analysis. Findings showed that psychological distress had a positive causal relationship with the feeling of loneliness and a negative causal relationship with the meaning of life and also, the emotional climate of the family had a mediating role in the relationship between psychological distress and loneliness and meaning of life. As a result, psychologists, sociologists, and other social media professionals should consider the high capacity of the family's emotional climate as a key factor in Reducing of the effects of psychological distress resulting from the spread of crises such as the coronavirus pandemic on individual and collective living condition.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of media literacy in predicting attitudes toward e-learning of students and professors in the corona. The present study was applied in terms of descriptive-survey research method. The statistical population of the study includes all students and professors of Payame Noor University of Kerman, of which 473 (366 students and 107 professors) were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included Seyed Taghavi (2007) e-learning attitude questionnaire and phalsafi media literacy (2014). Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Findings showed that the attitude towards e-learning among students, professors and the whole research sample with a significance level of less than 0.05 is significantly higher than the average (4) (P <0.05). The status of media literacy among students, professors and the whole research sample with a significance level of 0.001 is significantly higher than the average (3) (P <0.01). There is a positive and significant relationship between media literacy and attitudes toward e-learning in students and professors during the Corona era (P <0.01). The media literacy variable positively and significantly predicted the attitude towards e-learning in students and professors during the coronation period (p <0.01, β = 0.81). Based on the results, it is possible to increase the media literacy skills of students and professors by holding training courses to create a positive attitude towards e-learning.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mindfulness and teachers' life satisfaction with regard to the mediating role of coping styles in coping with the corona epidemic. The research method was correlation with the application of structural equations in terms of applied purpose, in terms of quantitative nature and in terms of data collection. The statistical population was the primary school teachers of Bukan city in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 189 were purposefully selected as a sample. And colleagues (1399) and the Bauer et al.'s (2006) pentagonal mindfulness scale responded. For data analysis, the partial least squares (PLS) method was used using SPSS and PLS3 software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between research variables and positive and negative coping styles have a mediating role in the relationship between mindfulness and life satisfaction and 19% of the effect of total mindfulness on teachers' life satisfaction through indirect Positive coping styles are explained by the mediating variable. Also, 18% of the effect of total mindfulness on teachers' life satisfaction is indirectly explained by the mediating variable of negative coping styles. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that mindfulness as a positive and valuable trait by influencing coping styles in the face of the corona epidemic, can lead to increased life satisfaction of teachers.

The aim of this study was to develop a coronary anxiety model in students based on the dimensions of positive psychology. The research method was descriptive correlational studies and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all high school students in Mashhad in the year 1401-1400 with 983 people who were selected using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method of 276 people. The data collection tools were corona anxiety and positive psychology questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed using content and face validity. Its reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.77 and 0.89, respectively. In addition to descriptive statistics, statistical techniques such as Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the dimensions of positive psychology (happiness, mental well-being, optimism, self-worth, hope, interpersonal skills and responsibility) have a direct and significant effect on coronary anxiety in students. The results of the fit model indices indicated a good fit of the model, and in fact the general result is that the designed model of students' coronary anxiety based on the dimensions of positive psychology has a good fit.

The aim of this study was to analyze the education in multi-grade classes in the days of coronary heart disease and virtual education. For this purpose, a qualitative approach and a descriptive phenomenological method were used. The statistical population includes 187 teachers of multi-grade primary schools in the years 2020-2021 in Markazi province. 5 teachers were purposefully selected, then 10 other teachers were identified and studied by introducing the previous ones by snowball sampling. Were located. The data of this study were saturated from interviews with 15 people. Semi-organized interviews were used to collect data. Analyzing the data with a clause pattern and during 7 steps including: careful study of interviews, extraction of main themes, formulation of known meanings, classification of codes, integration of codes, clarification of the structure of the phenomenon, final validation; Done. Findings of the research were divided into 5 main themes including restructuring of multigrade classrooms, students, parents, teachers and educational facilities and 17 sub-themes. The results show that in the days of the outbreak of coronary heart disease, education in multi-grade classes has been removed from being multi-grade and as a result, the benefits of this type of training have been reduced. Also, the limitations of e-learning in multi-grade classes due to lack of access to smartphones and the Internet have become more apparent.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of emotion regulation and resilience in academic adjustment and quality of life of students during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included male and female of secondary high school students in Mashhad in the academic year 2020-2021, 400 students were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling. Research tools include Gross & John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003), the Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003), the Baker and Siryk Academic Adjustment Questionnaire (1984), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (1998). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression of enter method. Data analysis showed that there was a significant positive relationship between emotion regulation with academic adjustment (P<0/05) and quality of life (p<0/01). Also, there was a significant positive relationship between resilience and quality of life (P<0/01). But there was no significant relationship between resilience and academic adjustment of students. Based on the results of regression analysis, only emotion regulation was a significant predictor of academic adjustment (P<0/05). Also, emotion regulation and resilience were both good predictors of students quality of life (P<0/01). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that during the Covid-19 pandemic, emotion regulation skills in students play a significant role in academic adjustment, as well as high levels of emotion regulation and resilience in this period have a significant role in students' quality of life.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers' attitudes toward change and job burnout in the Covid-19 pandemic with the mediating role of virtual education acceptance. The research method was descriptive-correlation and in particular modeling of structural equations. From the statistical population of teachers in Khuzestan and Ilam provinces in the academic year 2021-2022, 353 people were selected by cluster random sampling. The research instruments were the Dunham et al, standard questionnaire of attitude towards change, 1989; Hosseini et al.e admission e-learning questionnaire, 2014; Maslach & Jackson job burnout questionnaire, 1997. The results showed a significant direct relationship between teachers attitudes toward change and virtual education acceptance(p<0.01), a direct relationship between virtual education acceptance and burnout was significant(p<0.01), but the direct relationship between attitudes toward change and burnout was not statistically significant (P >0.05). There was a significant indirect relationship between attitudes toward change and burnout through e-learning(p<0.01). Therefore, it can be said that a positive attitude towards change, by affecting the acceptance rate of e-learning in teachers, indirectly predicts burnout in the period of the covid-19 pandemic.

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life , mental health, alexithymia and Distress tolerance of nurses working in intensive care units of Covid-19 (Corona) patients with nurses in other wards. which was done by descriptive method of causal-comparative studies. The statistical population of this study was selected from all hospitals in Tehran's third district and the sample size was equal to 97 people (47 nurses in the intensive care unit and 50 nurses in the normal ward). Data collection tools in this study included the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire(short form) (1989), Goldberg and Hiller General Health Questionnaire(1979), Toronto Bagby et al (1994). Emotional Dysfunction Scale, Simmons and Gaher(2005). Methods of data analysis in this study using the questionnaires in the descriptive section including describing the demographic characteristics of the sample group, mean, standard deviation, and preparing a frequency distribution table, statistical graphs, and in the analysis of hypotheses. Achieving the result was analyzed using independent t-test by SPSS22 software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between quality of life in nurses working in intensive care units and nurses working in normal wards. The quality of life of nurses working in normal wards is higher than nurses in special wards and also mental health, emotional malaise and tolerance of anxiety of nurses working in special wards are higher than nurses in normal wards.

The spread of Corona disease and Corona anxiety has affected students' academic and educational lives by closing schools and rapidly changing teaching methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Corona anxiety and students' academic well-being with respect to the mediating role of academic hope. The method of the present study was correlational method. The statistical population of the study was first and second high school students in Urmia. The research sample consisted of 400 people who were selected by the available sampling method. Research tools included method anxiety, academic well-being and academic hope, which were prepared online for students. SPSS and LISREL software were used for data analysis. The results showed that Corona anxiety affects students 'academic hope and academic well-being and academic hope has a mediating role between Corona anxiety and students' academic well-being. Based on the results, it is necessary for schools and the education system to take the necessary tools and counseling to improve coronary anxiety, academic well-being and students' academic hope after the end of Covid 19 disease and the reopening of schools.

The purpose of this study is to describe in depth the lived experience of doctoral students of Tehran, Allameh Tabatabai and Amirkabir universities of their university socialization during the Corona period. Using a qualitative approach and interrogative strategy and theoretical sampling, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 18 doctoral students (in 1399). The information obtained from the interviews was then coded and selected using MAXQDA11 software. 139 open codes, 20 central codes and 5 elective codes including education (5), research (4), interactions of scientific actors (6), daily life (3) and international scientific interactions (2) were extracted. Findings showed that using professors of other universities for teaching, comprehensive virtual exam, lack of skills through the virtual system, learning disabilities, delays in study opportunities abroad, limited access to required resources, limitations Disciplinary and interdisciplinary communication has been the experience of feeling lonely, reducing the opportunity for teaching assistants, reducing the sense of dynamism of students' experiences in the process of academic socialization during the outbreak of Corona virus. The Corona crisis has invalidated previous teaching methods and even some research methods. The need to prevent communities (scientific and non-scientific) has affected communication and communities. Students find the reduction of interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary interactions with other students harmful. On the other hand, the significant increase in conferences, seminars and virtual live due to low cost and the possibility of participation from different parts of the country and the world. Provides interactions between faculty, students, and professionals, and strengthens academic communities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the emerging challenges of education and teaching in Corona from the perspective of teachers and principals of primary schools in Isfahan. ‌ The research method is applied in terms of purpose and content analysis approach. Semi-structured interview tools were used to collect data. Participants in the study were teachers and principals of primary schools in Isfahan in the academic year 1399-1400, which through theoretical sampling and data collection process in ten interviews achieved theoretical saturation. Data were analyzed using data analysis steps through three steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding using 10 MAX QDA software. In general, the number of open codes 150, central codes 137 and optional codes 4 were identified and obtained and showed that economic factors (cost and lack of sufficient equipment, lack of response to all students' problems, lack of family control, lack of communication between students , Not taking the class seriously, problems in the way of teaching), in-service training for teachers (teaching aid tools during the corona, holding training courses for teachers and creating an incentive program for students), content production (creating attractive educational content and program Virtual bug fixes (and interaction and communication), parent-teacher interaction, virtual incentive program, parent collaboration, strategic features, and software features were identified. The overall results of the study showed that due to the educational conteproblems and the creation of an incentive program, the emerging challenges of education and teaching in the corona can be minimized.

In addition to causing physical harm, coronavirus disease also has a serious impact on people's mental health So.The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of moral intelligence on psychological well-being and academic ethics of female high school students in Urmia in the Corona Epidemic. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental in which the sample was divided into experimental and control groups and educational interventions were performed on the experimental group. The statistical population of the study was female high school students in Urmia in the academic year 400-99. Using simple random sampling method, 40 female students were selected from among the high school students in Urmia and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. First, both groups were tested using the Golparvar Academic Ethics Scale (2010) and the Reef Short Form Psychological Welfare Scale (2004). The experimental group then participated in 11 sessions of moral intelligence training, while the control group was placed on a waiting list and did not receive training. After the sessions, post-test was taken from both groups. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, it was found that 1) moral intelligence training has an effect on psychological well-being and academic ethics. (05/0> P). Therefore, it is recommended to teach moral intelligence to students as a suitable intervention method to promote the psychological well-being of their academic ethics.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural relationships between fear of Covid 19 disease and Covid 19 anxiety and coping methods with the mediating role of anger. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlation (structural equation modeling). The statistical population of the present study consisted of all students of the Faculty of Psychology, Azad University of South Tehran in the academic year 1399-1400 who were over 20 years old. The sampling method of the present study was available. According to the size of the population, at least 285 people were calculated based on the Cochran's formula. The research instruments included the Fear of Coronavirus Aharso et al. (2020), the Coronary Anxiety Scale of Alipour et al. (1398), the Spielberger Anger-Expression Questionnaire (1988) and the Andler Parker (1990) Coping Questionnaire. Findings were analyzed using Pearson correlation method in SPSS software and structural equation modeling in Smart Plus software. The results of structural equation modeling show that the coronary artery anxiety variable has a direct and positive effect on the coronary artery fear variable with a coefficient of 0.67, but other research variables do not have a significant effect on the coronary artery fear variable. According to the results of the present study, it is necessary to conduct appropriate training workshops to reduce anxiety and anger in individuals, in order to prevent the occurrence of fear of coronation.