نشریه تحقیقات نوین میان رشته ای حقوق
پیاپی 1 (تابستان 1400)

According to a statistical comparison of industrialized countries' counseling, health, and legal procedures, the number of Iranians referring to these institutes is numerous. As a result, specialized referrals to therapy centers and advocacy will be quite helpful in solving issues. This relationship is inoperable due to a lack of experience in contacting a professional lawyer. The need for educational and judicial organizations to handle this form of discourse has grown unavoidable in recent years, as language analysis methodologies have gained prominence and expanded throughout society. The physician's, judge's, and lawyer's adherence to the oath is a good predictor of management efficiency. This study discusses the use of language analysis from a scientific perspective in detecting the perpetrator and establishing the crime by the judge, as well as the lawyer's emphasis on the persuasive manner in addressing psychological issues by the adviser. This paper aims to fill in the gaps with theoretical ethics in the manner of libraries compiled in the expression of scientific linguistics. As a result, educational, cultural, and judicial institutions require a unique system for drafting new regulations. It is hoped is that by acting in a metalanguage way, a change in the presentation of discourse will be achieved.

According to human historical experience, the result of the confrontation between power and freedom has been the domination of governmental power and the suppression of the rights and freedoms of individuals; Thus, constitutions - especially the constitutions of civilized countries - in order to protect human dignity - with the logic that power must be regulated and rights and freedoms guaranteed - first in the position of expression, revival and guarantee of freedoms and then in the position of integration. And reconciliation between the power of the government and the rights and freedoms of the people, and in this regard have carried out numerous supervisory duties In order to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals for government forces have been specified and emphasized. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a democratic system, fundamental rights and freedoms, as an area accepted by reason and sharia, are at the top of social expectations, and in this regard, in addition to criminalization, various government guarantees in various manifestations to protect rights and legal action in case of violation is provided; In the same direction and with considering the central importance of freedom and the repeated provisions of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the need to protect rights and freedoms, while considering the original role of the judiciary in protecting rights and freedoms, while discussing freedom and the general concept Supervision, evaluation of the oversight duties of the Judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran in relation to rights and freedoms are considered by the author.

International transport contracts have a variety of effects on international trade law as well as domestic law. In the field of international trade law, the transfer of goods and the speed of trade are fundamental factors in the dynamics and production of wealth and turnover. In this regard, transportation is an operational tool of international trade that is done by air, rail, road and sea. This study is concerned with the international transport of goods by road, which is done in accordance with the CMR Convention. An attempt has been made to answer the question of what the meaning, definition and features of the bill of loading and guidelines in international road transport is in domestic law and uniform international document with a comparative view and library and analytical method. In order to unify the domestic and global legal system, we should also get acquainted with the legal regime of the said convention. Finally, we come to the conclusion that there are substantial differences between the Consignment note and the bill of loading. The bill of loading is a commercial document, but it is not a document of ownership and transfer and it cannot be collateralized. Both the bill of loading and the Consignment note are the reason for the existence of a transport contract and the receipt of the goods by the Carrier.

One of the global institutions that plays an important role in trade rules and regulations in different countries of the world is the World Trade Organization. The organization also considers rights arising from material and intellectual property, and most domestic laws in this area affect the domestic laws of different countries. Acceptance of these rules by different countries can have positive or negative consequences, and each of these effects leads to the adoption of pros and cons in this regard. In this regard, the present study examines the ethical implications of respecting and accepting Iran's intellectual property rights and membership in the World Trade Organization. Therefore, the research question is: What are the moral implications of Iran's acceptance of intellectual property rights and its membership in the World Trade Organization? In this research, using descriptive-analytical method, it is determined what are the meanings and components of intellectual property rights? What is the history of intellectual property rights and their effects in different countries and international organizations? And finally, what are the moral implications of accepting and respecting intellectual property rights? The results of the research show that the observance of intellectual property rights from moral aspects helps to protect real and legal trademarks, accept healthy competition among citizens, scientific and economic development of society and also respect the rights of citizens.

The discussion of "States' Obligations to Comply with the Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law", which is discussed in this paper in a descriptive-analytical manner from library and documentary sources, is one of the most important issues in international law because one of the most terrifying aspects today is the widespread deterioration of the environment, especially during activities such as the establishment of chemical plants and the outbreak of conflict, where nature and the environment is the first and weakest victim. Therefore, in order to protect the environment, and in particular, the international environment, countries and international legal institutions, have set and developed rules. These are international treaties that have been drafted globally and regionally and have made binding commitments to them in this regard. Now we must continue to protect the environment both in times of conflict and in times of peace, and this study seeks to explain how and on what basis the environment can and should be protected and held governments accountable. The internationalization of governments is the result of a gross violation of environmental principles based on which international principles and rules, and its theoretical foundations are described. This responsibility is an obligation imposed on each member of the international community, and in the event of a breach of that obligation, the government will be liable for damages. The process of international responsibility resulting from gross environmental violations has undergone relatively positive changes and many ups and downs. over time but these developments have been very slow and time consuming. In a way, it may not be far from the truth to say that the process of change in this area has been much slower than in other areas of international law. This study concludes that the international liability of states resulting from gross environmental violations in the present age is generally subject to the general rules of international liability in public international law.

Absolute constitutionalists are thinkers who, on the one hand, rely on the importance of adhering to democracy, human rights and the rule of law in good governance and want to form a government based on these characteristics, and on the other hand, reject mashruteh government (religious government), and believe this kind of government is in serious incompatibility with these characteristics. Absolute non-religious constitutionalists fundamentally do not believe in religion and consequently religious government, and absolute religious constitutionalists consider the special function of religion to be the training of the transcendent man and the awakening of his rational nature rather than giving directions for the formation of a special social, political system different from what the intellect of ordinary human beings finds in every age. In this study, we have tried to examine the views of some absolute Muslim constitutionalists on the relationship between constitutional government and sharia, and briefly evaluate the strength of their arguments and the consistency of their claims. Mahdi Bazargan, Yousefi Eshkevari, Mahdi Haeri Yazdi, Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari, Hossein Bashirieh, Mohammad Abedaljaberi, Ali Abdolraziq and Mohammad Saeed Ashmavi are the thinkers whose views have been addressed in this study. An examination of the views of these thinkers shows that religious intellectuals still have a long way to go to prove a convincing and plausible non-political interpretation of Islam. It seems that if a non-political interpretation of Islam is fundamentally possible, it is not justifiably possible simply for reasons of the nature of what these thinkers have presented