فصلنامه پژوهش های جغرافیایی برنامه ریزی شهری
سال دهم شماره 1 (بهار 1401)

AbstractStrengthening the vitality of urban neighborhoods as the smallest unit of urban management and the geographical center of the formation of local communities is the foundation of a vibrant, dynamic and pioneer city. One of the factors affecting the vitality of urban neighborhoods is social factor, and in various researches the effect of this notion on urban spaces development, social sustainability, local sustainable development, satisfaction of residents and local management has been investigated. Though the effect of social capital and its constructive components on the vitality of urban neighborhoods have been chosen as the main objective of the present study. The research methodology was descriptive-analytical and was practical in the terms of purpose. To this end, in a survey method, 392 questionnaires were completed in Bagh-e-Sheikh and KianAbad neighborhoods of Ahwaz city, and the obtained results were analyzed using one sample t-test and independent t-test in SPSS software and structural equation modeling in Amos graphic software. The results showed that the respondents evaluated the components of social capital (social trust, social participation, social cohesion and social relations) in the studied areas significantly higher than the average, and the amount of the mentioned components had no significant difference in the two mentioned neighborhood. In evaluating the designed structural equation, the value of the indices confirms the fitting of the mentioned equation, hence; the conceptual model of the research was acceptable and the positive and significant impact of the social capital on the vitality of the urban neighborhoods was confirmed. The largest contribution in explaining the social capital structure was related to the social participation, and in case of vitality, it was related to the availability and mobility componentsExtended AbstractIntroductionVitality is one of the qualities of urban spaces that the most important of which is the self-evident presence of citizens in public spaces and the shaping of the vital force of the place. In fact, the vitality or active and passionate presence of people in urban spaces is one of the important and positive characteristics of such spaces that neglecting them causes urban spaces to lose their social function and appear cold and lifeless. Enhancing the vitality of urban neighborhoods as the smallest unit of urban management and the geographical focus of the formation of local communities is the infrastructure of the creation of a vibrant, dynamic and progressive city. Some of the effective factors on the vitality of urban neighborhoods is social factors and in various studies the impact of them on urban spaces development, social sustainability, local sustainable development, residents' satisfaction and local management has been investigated. In this study, however, the impact of social capital and its components on the vitality of urban neighborhoods has been selected as the main objective of the present study and the it seeks to answer the following questions: Do the components of social capital and vitality differ significantly in the studied neighborhoods? How is the impact of social capital on the formation of vitality in neighborhoods?According to the research objectives and questions, the accuracy of the following hypotheses in the study was investigated:- Social capital has a positive and significant impact on neighborhood vitality.- The studied neighborhoods have significant differences in terms of social capital components.- Kianabad neighborhood is significantly more vibrant than Bagh-e-Sheikh neighborhood. MethodologyThe method of this study is analytical quantitative and after library studies the data were collected through questionnaire. To select the sample, two neighborhoods of Ahvaz were selected by clustering method and questionnaires were distributed among the analysis units (households) according to the population of the neighborhoods. The sample size was estimated to be 384 using the Cochran formula according to the sample population that in order to complete not less than 100 questionnaires in each neighborhood, a total of 400 questionnaires were completed by systematically classified method. After refining the completed questionnaires, totally the information of 392 questionnaires including 101 questionnaires in Bagh-e-Sheikh neighborhood and 291 questionnaires in Kianabad neighborhood were analyzed. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics including univariate and independent t-tests in SPSS software and structural equation modeling using Amos Graphic software. Results and discussionThe results showed that, contrary to the third hypothesis, residents' evaluation of the vitality of Bagh-e-Sheikh neighborhood is higher that factors such as neighborhood safety, more use at night, convenient access to nearby locations, and meeting needs through downtown has had a significant impact on this issue. However, it should be noted that the evaluation of vitality in this study was not based on objective factors and residents' evaluation of the components of vitality included presence, attractiveness and satisfaction which is certainly influenced by variables such as rooting and attachment to residence, the case that has not been investigated. Although the mean of the components of vitality was evaluated higher than the average from the viewpoints of residents (and the difference is statistically significant), the score of the attractiveness of the component was lower than the assumed average and the weakness of the studied sample are evident in terms of the presence of meeting spaces and hangouts, the possibility of walking, the presence of traditional and modern markets, and the amusement facilities in the neighborhoods. Considering the social capital with regard to the characteristics and antiquity of Bagh-e-Sheikh neighborhood, it was expected that the stronger social capital would be achieved in this neighborhood. The results show that although the social capital of Bagh-e-Sheikh neighborhood is slightly higher than Kianabad and there is more standard deviation in Kianabad neighborhood, there is no significant difference in social capital and its components in studied neighborhoods. Intervention and the impact of downtown commercial context (adjoining dense context and transferring its traffic passing), population displacement caused by burnout and slow renovation and also the conversion of large-scale neighborhoods into cellar and deserted neighborhoods may be the reason for the decline of the social capital in the neighborhood that has made its social capital not significantly different from the relatively modern Kianabad neighborhood. In Bagh-e-Sheikh neighborhood, the participation and the social cohesion were higher and the social trust was the lowest component, and in particular, institutional trust items in this neighborhood have been evaluated weak as indicating dissatisfaction with the performance of urban managers and the inefficiency of programs in this worn-out and old context of the town. In evaluating the designed structural equation, the value of the indices confirms the fit of the mentioned equation, so the conceptual model of the research is acceptable and the positive and significant impact of the social capital on the vitality of urban neighborhoods is confirmed. The greatest contribution to explaining the structure of the social capital is related to social participation and is case of the vitality is related to the component of presence and mobility. ConclusionThe results show that the respondents evaluated the social capital components (social trust, social participation, social cohesion, and social relations) as significantly higher than the mean in the studied neighborhoods, and the value of the mentioned components was not significantly different in the two studied neighborhoods. Investigating the structural equation of research shows that the stronger the social capital and its components in urban neighborhoods, the more likely to have a vibrant neighborhood. This issue demonstrates the importance of neighborhood social actions in line of enhancing the presence of people in public spaces. Neighborhood social relations are formed in the context of public spaces. The impact of social capital on the development and quality of this space has also been confirmed in previous studies. For example, Rezazadeh et al. (1392) have examined the role of the social capitals in addition to the physical capital in local sustainable development in the investigation of the asset-based approach to the local sustainable development, in which vitality, dynamism, adaptation and diversity considered the principles of the local sustainability and they have endorsed the relationship between the social capitals and the sustainable local development. Consequently, the results of this study are in line with the above research. According to the results of the study, it is recommended that in order to enhance the vitality of the studied neighborhoods, the policy making to enhance participation (the most influential component of the social capital formation) and social trust (the weakest component of social capital in the studied neighborhoods) should be implemented through mechanisms related to various areas of urban management and socio-cultural management to enhance the vitality of neighborhoods through social capital as well.

A significant part of the mental image of people is affected by the landscape fundamental qualities. It is not evident how and to what extent the public place landscape qualities are affected concerning the mental image of the brand created by the commercial-entertainment axes. In this regard, the current study aims to development of practical topics in promoting the mental image of the brand affected by landscape and seeks to investigate and analyze the qualities affecting the commercial-recreational axis mental image of the study area. The type of research is developmental-applied in terms of purpose, and its methodological approach is mixed. A purposeful method was used for sample selection, and the number of sample elements was determined based on the method of determining the sample size for an unlimited community. Findings reveal that a set of important qualities of the business-entertainment-oriented dimension of studies, as a public place, explain and estimate a total of 81% of the changes in the mental image of the created brand. The effect of diversity (form), eye-catching, and visual proportions qualities are not significant according to the environmental conditions of the study, but the effect of the qualities of sensory richness, continuity, symmetry, personalization, and legibility is not significant. Consequently, it can be said that the landscape dimension qualities of the place can play a role in branding processes, and paying attention to them, along with other dimensions of the place, deliver the ground for the prosperity and development of the brand mental image.

With regard to the key effects that spatial-functional correlations between urban public facilities have on the quality of urban life, the aim of this article was to analyze the correlations between public facilities in Yazd city. To do this, four different methods, including the nearest neighbor index, K-Ripley function, spatial correlation index and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for two different groups of facilities including homogeneous public facilities and heterogeneous public facilities have been carried out in this article. Results have shown that although facilities such as technical and vocational training centers and public health services have shown a clustered pattern according to the nearest neighbor index, as the K-Ripley function has indicated, their distribution does not follow the same pattern at different scales of analysis. The analysis of the spatial correlation between the distribution of population and the distribution of public facilities has also shown that there is a negative correlation between them, except hygenic facilities. In addition, as the analysis of the spatial correlation between heterogeneous facilities has shown, except the correlation between higher education facilities and sports facilities, there was a positive but not strong relationship between all of them. Finally, it has been argued, according to the ANOVA method, that the high values of spatial correlation between heterogeneous public facilities do not necessarily mean that they are close to each other spatially.

Although the nature of Pedestrian-streets is to create popular and vibrant urban spaces, their planning and designing complexities are always fraught with sensitivities. The present study, understanding the importance of this issue, has analyzed citizens satisfaction about the quality of Hafezieh and Eram pedestrian-streets in Shiraz. The research is based on documentary studies, field surveys and receiving feedback from visitors. Accordingly, after collecting the quality variables of pedestrian-streets from reliable articles, a questionnaire was designed based on the questions of the Likert scale. The validity of the questions was confirmed by receiving expert opinions and the reliability was also confirmed according to the Cronbach's alpha test value. In order to estimate the sample size, Cochran's formula was used. According to the population of Shiraz, the sample size (with an error coefficient of 0.7) was equal to 196 people, which was considered 200 people approximately. The data obtained from the questionnaires were entered in SPSS software and evaluated by exploratory factor analysis and linear multivariate regression. Findings show that 24 quality indicators of urban pedestrian-street are classified into five factors, which include Vitality, Inviting, Ease of Movement, Environmental Comfort and Accessibility, respectively. Also, the comparison of the two pedestrian-streets shows the relative superiority of Eram pedestrian-street over Hafezieh pedestrian-street in generally. Finally, based on these findings, operational strategies have been proposed to enhance these two urban spaces.

Urban green spaces are one of the most important components in dealing with the harmful effects of cities. This part of land use has an effective role in environmental and ecological services in cities. Considering the limited land and resources, achieving maximum performance of urban green space is one of the issues that city planners are facing. The performance of urban green space is greatly influenced by its network. Accordingly, in this article, the structural quality index of urban green space network is introduced based on the theoretical foundations of landscape ecology and urban green space functions. Numerical calculations of this index and other metrics used in its compilation were performed to evaluate the structural quality of the green space network in District 16 of Tehran Municipality. Results show that the Besat neighborhood has the highest level of structural quality in green space. Also, in this article, moving window analysis was used to map the structural quality index. The structural quality map of the green space network can be used optimally in the process of managing and improving the performance of urban green space

District 12, the birthplace and vital and historical core of Tehran, has undergone various changes during the new development, especially in the last six decades, one of which has been the expansion of specialized activities in the streets and axes adjacent to the main bazaar. With the decline and inefficiency of the region, especially in terms of residential function, it has been accompanied and accompanied. For this purpose and in completing the available data and information, a questionnaire with 27 items among 280 residents, businesses and experts of District 12 was completed and the data obtained in three dimensions "physical-environmental", economic-activity "and" social The results show that the physical-environmental dimension with 13 indicators and with a specific value of 10.620 has the highest share; the economic dimension with 7 indicators and the special value of 8.238 in the second place and the social dimension with 4 The reagent and the special value of 4.081 show the effects and consequences of specialized activities in the adjacent spaces in the third place.The alignment of the result of this research and some similar researches indicates that the accompaniment and conformity of creating and expanding directions with specialized commercial activities with The inefficiency and decline of residential functions in adjacent spaces and neighborhoods in the central part of the city is a general process, a phenomenon that has also occurred in the 12th district of Tehran.

Megamalls are among the large-scale projects that have various economic, social, and cultural effects and consequences on the cities. Therefore, given the increasing growth of their construction in recent years, megamalls are considered among the most challenging urban issues. Therefore, the present study seeks to explore, explain and theorize about the consequences of the formation of multi-purpose commercial complexes in residential neighborhoods and for their inhabitants. Also, it seeks to study the effects of this phenomenon on the public interest of citizens. For this purpose, Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory has been used. The data were collected from 15 semi-structured interviews with residents of Ekbatan neighborhood, as a case study. In addition, field observations and existing documents and discourse materials have been used as study data. The result of the article is a theory about the citizens' perception and understanding of the process of constructing megamalls in their neighborhood, which in 6 stages presents how residents face the construction of megamalls. These stages also provide the resulting changes in the neighborhood, which are: 1. Appreciation; 2. Loss of trust; 3. Dissatisfaction; 4. Being silent; 5. Nostalgia; 6. Conditional acceptance. In each stage, the effects of actions and interventions of urban planning and public institutions on the interests of citizens and citizens' perception of how to use the stage are explored. Based on this, the perception of satisfying and securing the public interest in urban planning requires focusing on discourse as a tool to reach agreement and consensus.

the aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of city form on fuel consumption in Karaj metropolis. The data and information required for the research have been collected in two ways: library (study of documents, plans, articles, etc.) and referring to related organizations (municipality, National Petroleum Products Distribution Company, etc.). In order to analyze the data, G statistical test and the Moran model were used to determine the pattern of gasoline consumption in Karaj, and geographic weight regression (GWR) was used to determine the spatial variation between city form variables (mixing, accessibility) and gasoline consumption. The results showed that central neighborhoods of areas 5,1,7,8,9 such as; Dehghan Villas 1 and2, Hyderabad, western Golshahr 1 and 2, Movahedan town, eastern Golshahr, Mehrvila and Karmandan dormitory have the highest accessibility index, and Mehrshahr suburbs, districts 10 and 6 have the lowest accessibility index to services, administrative, commercial, educational. Also, according to the value; 462 / 10Z-Scorse = and the value of P-Value = 0, it was determined that the pattern of gasoline consumption in Karaj is clustered. Also, the value of R2 of the accessibility variable is equal to 0.88. That is, the city form index according to this variable at the 95% confidence level justifies 88% of gasoline consumption. The value of R2 of the user mixing variable is equal to 0.87. That is, according to this variable at the 95% confidence level the city form index justifies 87% of gasoline consumption.

The spatial and physical structure of the city has an important role in the social functions and behaviors of citizens. Land use as the starting and ending point of the trip is one of the most important factors in creating movement in the city. Intermediate passages are those that are not necessarily the origin or the destination, but must be crossed to reach the destination. How these spaces are chosen by people to reach the destination is explained using the space syntax method. This research is of applied type and the research method is based on examining the significant relationship between spatial-physical factors including land use and syntactic variables (spatial arrangement) with observational factors including the volume of trips in urban areas. In this study, based on the theory of "space syntax" and its concept in the form of "natural motion" in urban space, after examining the spatial-physical structure of Rasht city in three basic steps, using graph analysis of syntactic parameters (integration, connectivity, control, and mean depth) as well as multiple regression method in SPSS software, it was found that spatial syntax and land use layout has a significant direct relationship with citizens' travel behavior and up to 75% of its changes can be predicted. Meanwhile, the beta coefficient of the Space Syntax is 0.63, which is higher than the land use with a coefficient of 0.34. Considering the essential role of physical and spatial characteristics in urban traffic the development of transportation systems can be targeted by developing favorable policies in this field, while identifying the origin and destination of trips and high-traffic routes. And plan to improve the pattern of urban travel and the integration of transportation systems with an emphasis on public transportation and walking.

The rapid growth of urbanization has paved the way for the spread of the phenomenon of informal settlements in the vicinity of cities and has made the concept of quality of urban life important. The main purpose of this research is to measure and classify the dimensions of quality. Residents of informal settlements in the desired neighborhoods in the city of Urmia and provide solutions to improve them. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. Research data were collected through documentary study methods, questionnaires and interviews. Using cluster sampling method, from 31 neighborhoods of informal settlements in Urmia, 4 towns of Islamabad 1, Haji Pirloo, Islamabad 2 and Terzilo were selected as the desired neighborhoods. This questionnaire was designed from 31 objective and subjective goals and using Cochran's formula, a sample of 400 people was determined for each of the settlements. Finally, Excel, Spss and sample T-tests, analysis of variance and Duncan were used to analyze the data. The final results of T and Duncan test in all aspects of quality of life show that The informal settlements of Tarzilo and Islamabad 2 are in good condition, Haji Pirloo is in moderate condition and Islamabad 1 is in poor condition compared to other neighborhoods and the first to fourth floors of Duncan table are allocated to prioritize the target neighborhoods.

The discussion of urban management in the past few decades has been pathologized from various political, social, infrastructural, etc. dimensions and integrated management has always been raised as a response to current problems, but the role of reference location information and its infrastructure in this cycle has not been considered. Therefore, systems based on spatial data infrastructure such as Web-based GIS, by integrating and classifying all urban information, allow users to access it at any time and place to plan and make a quick, accurate and coordinated decision of the urban management complex with maximum citizen participation. . Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify the weaknesses of information mechanisms of Sanandaj urban management complex and provide executive solutions to address them using Web-based GIS capabilities. This research is of applied type and the research method in this study is of descriptive-analytical type, the statistics and information of which have been obtained through field methods (interviews) and libraries. The statistical population of the study was Sanandaj urban management personnel and its statistical samples were selected from experts and managers in the field of spatial information (25 people) and the coding method (open, axial, selective) was used to analyze the interviews. All devices and information conflict between sectoral, extra-sectoral and organizational between them, lack of information transparency at different levels and an island approach to information and poor governance due to lack of proper infrastructure to classify them.

One significant problem in cities is the existence of dysfunctional tissues that need to be rehabilitated. Inefficient urban contexts are one of the most important challenges for cities. Urban regeneration is a comprehensive approach to solving the problems of dysfunctional tissues. In this research, the smart city approach has been used to achieve urban revitalization. This research is of applied type and its method is combined. In the qualitative section, by studying internal and external texts, effective indicators in the field of smart city neighborhoods and revitalization were extracted. In the quantitative part, using the exploratory factor analysis method, the effective factors in smart city neighborhoods were extracted and in regression analysis, the impact of smart city neighborhood factors on the dimensions of renewal was used. In this research, research tools such as questionnaires and field observation in the Nizamabad neighborhood have been used. Exploratory factor analysis and step-by-step regression calculation were used to analyze the questionnaire data. Nizamabad's old neighborhood is in dire need of repair due to physical deterioration, economic and social issues. Finally, by applying the principles of smart city neighborhoods in the social dimension with a variance of 12.1%, the economic dimension with a variance of 62.1%, and in the physical-environmental dimension with a variance of 19.8%, we can promote urban revitalization in Nizamabad neighborhood. . This indicates that a significant part of the changes in the economic dimension of urban revitalization in this neighborhood is expressed by the agents of smart city neighborhoods.