فصلنامه نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 40، زمستان 1401)

The spread of the COVID-19 threatens the citizens health, especially the elderly, in community spaces. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of the pandemic on the presence of vulnerable groups such as the elderly in community spaces, with the aim of providing lessons in order to be prepared for the post-Corona architecture and healthy environment.

The research method is "meta-analysis" of the documents and scientific reports development regarding the impacts of pandemic on architecture and planning. The research which was carried out with a comprehensive method and a designerly approach. The theoretical framework of the research is a synthesis of the highperformance architecture theory and theory of healthy environment. The methodology analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of urban community spaces in critical paradigm.

Studies show that after the spread of Corona virus and pandemic of COVID-19, the presence of the elderly and other vulnerable groups in urban spaces became less than before. As a result, urban spaces have moved towards polarization, which endangered the value and the quality urban spaces.

The outcomes of the study show that collective open spaces should be planned and designed based on an integrated approach to theories such as "healthy environment" and "healthy city" in order to allow the presence of vulnerable groups, especially the elderly in order to increase the quality of the urban environment. The performance-based design should span from visual-thermal comfort to pollution dispersion and healthy corridor design.

Cities play a key role in promoting human values. Nowadays, population growth, widespread urbanization in developing countries, demographic change, environmental challenges, economic problems, urban transportation problems, advances in information and communication technology, and bureaucracy have necessitated the need for smart urban governance. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide a model of smart urban governance with a future study approach.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and exploratory. The statistical community is experts in the field of research. The sample size was determined using Roscoe rules 45 people and the sampling method is snowball.

 the key drivers of smart city governance were extracted from Latin sources as well as the Delphi method, 9 key drivers for the future of smart city governance were considered. In the next step, scenarios were developed for each driver and strategies were considered for each desired scenario. Finally, the model of smart city governance in Rasht was presented.

direct citizenship education, design of public participation opportunities, formulation of local policies, integrated urban management, create a financial model to allocate appropriate budgets, development of data communication infrastructure and access network, encourage investors, develop The law as a means of attracting private sector investment in public infrastructure, Creating open data portals, enacting strong laws to protect the privacy, providing online services and eliminating bureaucracy and careful planning of smart government at the national level, the highest score in achieving They achieved the model of futuristic smart city governance.

In the indoor space, the temperature and relative humidity are often controlled and even without the use of heating and cooling systems, the temperature and relative humidity changes in the indoor space are less than the outdoor space. Buildings are relatively protected against pollutants of external origin. The main problem of the research is to analyze and investigate the environmental effects of exposure to particles and gases that are released or produced inside the house; And especially the effect of these pollutants on the health of residents.

The research method of this study is based on logical reasoning. The scientific foundations of the subject are analyzed with a quasi-experimental approach, and the results are presented with the combined modeling method. In terms of methodology, in this research, chemical reactions carried out in indoor spaces are investigated. In this direction, the mechanisms and kinetics of reactions, the characteristics of different surfaces and the effect of factors such as light and temperature
will be investigated.

A healthy environment is a prerequisite for a healthy life for residents; This is as important in closed spaces as in open and semi-open spaces. Research findings emphasize the special importance of micropollutants and their impact on residents' health.

Clarifying the importance and role of building materials in indoor air health is one of the most important achievements of this research. An achievement that above all emphasizes the importance of environmental education in promoting healthy buildings, bio-computing and the use of environmentally friendly materials.

Indoor comfort is affected not only by dwellings architecture, but also by physiological adaptation and behavioral settings. Since the human behavior plays an important role in their thermal balance with the environment, the subject of this research is adaptive behaviors of the occupants due to environmental, architectural, and individual-demographic variables and the role of factors affecting the occupant thermal satisfaction.This research aimed at investigating the thermal adaptation of residential dwellings occupants of Rasht in winter to save energy.

The research is an applied type, collection of required data is an in-situ method and the main question is,"Which behavioral patterns of villa and apartment dwellings occupants affect thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption in cold periods of the year?"The required data gathered through questionnaires and field surveys, and data analysis based on bivariate, multivariate regression models.

According to ASHRAE (±1), the occupants in comfort zone were 88.8% and 84.3% for villa and apartment units. The adaptability of villa house occupants is -4.9 and +1.9, and apartment unit occupants -2.1 and 0.8 C from the lower and upper limits of the comfort standard range (21-25). Occupants used many adaptive behaviors, indicating the priority of using passive solutions over active solutions to achieve thermal comfort.

The results of the multiple regression model showed that environmental factors in villa houses and individual-demographic in apartments have the greatest effect on thermal comfort.The research results can be useful in designing more suitable and flexible residential spaces, leading to an energy consumption reduction.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of vegetation in reducing nuisance wind speed on the Imam Street sidewalk. Imam Street is one of the main arteries in Tabriz, and the nuisance wind speed on its sidewalks disturbs the climate comfort for pedestrians, especially during the cold season.

A descriptive-analytical method is used in this study, and numerical simulations are performed using Dlubal RWIND 2.02 to evaluate the wind flow for the current condition and the proposed alternatives. In this context, the effect of vegetation height, spacing and arrangement (with tree bench) as independent variables on wind speed at pedestrian height as dependent variable was investigated. Spearman correlation test is used to evaluate the relationship between variables.

The studies have shown that trees with a height of 4 meters, distributed at a distance of 5 meters according to the pattern 1, can reduce the flow velocity on the pedestrian level by 52%.

The results show that the implementation of vegetation in appropriate spacing and pattern can significantly reduce wind speed. Placing tree benches on the sidewalk changes the airflow toward the street and reduces wind speed at the pedestrian level.

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the performance and impact of the building shell on natural lighting components and radiation reception, as components affecting the quality of the interior space, through designing a shell with Voronoi algorithm.

For this purpose, using the genetic algorithm and taking into account the Useful Daylight Illumination and the Total Radiation, optimal configurations are presented from among the design options of the shell, which is based on the Voronoi algorithm. The working method has been multi-objective optimization using NSGA-II and linear modeling in the Rhino platform and Grasshopper plugin using environmental analysis tools such as Energy Plus and Radiance for numerical calculations. Also, skins are analyzed in three cases: 1-an infilled wall without the second skin, 2-using horizontal louvers, and 3- Voronoi skin as the second skin.

It has been indicated that with Voronoi skin, the amount of average Useful Daylight Illuminance has increased by 63.86% compared to the case without the second skin, and by 21.02% compared to the case using horizontal louvers the second skin. Also, by this design idea, the amount of total solar radiation decreases by 63.86% compared to the case without the second shell and decreases by 15.38% compared to the issue of using horizontal louvers as the second shell.

The designed shell resulting from the optimization process and the use of Voronoi geometry has a good performance in improving the Useful Daylight Illuminance and reducing the amount of sunlight.

Foresight is a knowledge, art, accepting the uncertainty of the future and considering the possibility of the occurrence of various states of the future instead of a specific future. foresight is one of the new technologies in the field of contemporary urban planning. In this study, researchers seek to identify the components of humanistic urban planning and promote participatory urban planning based on scenario writing and futurism

The main research method is based on the use of the Delphi technique and screenwriting. In the first community, elites, experts, and managers are the three main stakeholders. In the second community, citizens who live in 5 districts of Tehran are the main beneficiary group.

Based on the results, the first scenarios in the areas of intelligence, participation, transparency, various transportation options, revenue generation, neighborhood orientation, and justice show the best and the sixth scenario and to some extent, the fifth scenario shows the worst possible scenarios.

The results of the research showed that the development of electronic services and businesses in domestic and foreign platforms, putting people at the head of programs in order to create partnerships, increasing income through sustainable methods in order to generate income, consolidating and developing the position of localities in the matter Participation, increasing the share of access to all non-automotive modes, transparency in all matters of organizational offices and establishing justice in the distribution of services are at the top of importance.