فصلنامه یافته
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 93، پاییز 1401)

Child abuse and neglect are global problems with negative outcomes in the quality of life among children. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group training on child-abuser mothers and the quality of life of children.

This interventional study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all preschool children in kindergartens in Khorramabad, Iran. Using the cluster sampling method, 23 children who gained the abuse score were selected, along with their mothers were selected and randomly divided into an experimental (n=10) and a control (n=13) group. The mothers in the experimental group received cognitive-behavioral training for eight 90-minute sessions. The tools used to collect data consisted of the Child Abuse Scale (Mohammadkhani, 2011) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire (Fakkes, 2000). The gathered data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of <0.05.

The data analysis of this study showed that group cognitive-behavioral training had a significant effect on the reduction of all dimensions of mother’s child abuse (P<0.05) and a positive effect on evaluating the quality of life of children from their mother's point of view (P<0.05).

In general, the results of the study indicated that cognitive-behavioral training was effective in reducing mothers’ child abuse and improvement of the quality of life of preschool children.

Although studies has shown the effectiveness of large visual illusion and external focus of attention on motor learning in novices, there is no research evidence about the combined effect of these variables. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of large visual illusion and external focus of attention on learning dart throwing skill in novices.

In the present study, 40 novice participants aged 18-40 voluntarily participated and were randomly divided into four groups; large visual illusion, external focus of attention, combined, and control group. The study consisted of a pre-test, practice phase, post-test, and retention test. Data analysis was performed by repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software version 20 (P≤0.05).

The results of the analysis of the variance test for the acquisition of dart throwing performance showed that all three effects of stage, group, and interaction were significant (P≤0.05). Accuracy increased in all groups, from pre-test to post-test. In the post-test and retention test, the experimental groups were more accurate than the control group; however, no significant difference was observed between them (P>0.05).

External focus instructions and manipulations that enhance more perceptual processes may lead to optimal performance and learning. The findings of the present study suggest that although combining large visual illusion and external focus can independently improve motor learning, the combination of these manipulations has no additive benefits.

Standards-based prescribing can increase the effectiveness of treatment and the optimal management of financial resources, including reducing the costs of insurance deductions. Therefore, reducing insurance deductions is necessary for pharmacy management. So, this study aimed to analysis the prescriptions and insurance deductions of the governmental pharmacy of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences.

This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study that includes a review of all prescriptions of the Social Security and the Armed Forces insurances. The information was collected through the checklist. Then, they were statistically analyzed by SPSS22 and excel software’s.

The results showed that the highest number of prescriptions is related to general practitioners and the highest monetary amounts of the monthly deductions related to the Armed Forces Insurance is “price adjustment and low demand” (1700606 Rials) and the highest monetary amounts of the deductions in connection with the Social Security Insurance is “wrong code of the medical system (4617125 Rials).

Based on the results, it can be concluded that the most important causes of the deductions are related to human errors. Hence to reduce the deductions, first be more coordination’s between the insurances and pharmacies for covered items and the regulations second monitoring and up-to-date training of individuals on the correct entry of information based on the standards and regulations.

 The spread and epidemic of COVID-19, as a new disease, challenged many health achievements. In hospitals, as the center of crisis management activities, it is very important to develop a crisis preparedness plan. In this study, the response-readiness of Khorram Abad hospitals in the crisis of COVID-19 was discussed.

 This study is a descriptive and applied research that was conducted cross-sectionally in the summer of 1400 in two stages. In the first stage, the condition of 3 Khorram Abad University Hospitals was based on a checklist WHO-EMRO evaluation of the hospital's response readiness to deal with the covid disease was done. The data were analyzed after being recorded in Excel. Based on the obtained results, the weak points of each hospital were extracted and examined through the management panel and individual interviews, and finally implementation solutions were presented.

 Hospital "A" is relatively prepared in terms of human resources, rapid identification and infection control; Hospital "B" was relatively prepared in the fields of continuity of services, rapid identification, isolation and management of patients; Hospital "C" was also relatively prepared in the fields of information, human resources, rapid identification and infection control; They were fully prepared in other areas. Two hospitals "B and C" are at the level of full readiness and hospital "A" is at the border of full readiness and the overall level of readiness with 81% was estimated at the optimal level.

 Considering the optimal preparation of Khorram Abad hospitals in dealing with the crisis of the COVID-19 epidemic, it is necessary to train and allocate sufficient manpower to face future crises, and allocate budget to the program. Crisis preparedness, standard supply chain design and evaluation of crisis management programs should be given more attention.

Due to usually late diagnoses, breast cancer is accompanied by a high mortality rate. Breast self-examination increases the success of treatment and survival rates. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of postmenopausal women residing in Khorramabad, Iran, about breast self-examination.

The present descriptive-analytical study was performed on 333 postmenopausal women referring to health centers in Khorramabad in 2019. The participants were selected using cluster sampling. The required data were collected using a questionnaire containing items on demographic characteristics as well as variables of knowledge and practice of breast self-examination. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software version 22 using the Spearman correlation coefficient, the Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test.

The mean age of the subjects was 55.13±8.13. It was found that 55% of women had moderate knowledge and 43.8% had a moderate performance. The most common source of information was through health center staff (52.9%). Knowledge and performance showed a direct and significant correlation with breast self-examination (r=0.530, P<0.001). There was a statistically significant relationship between knowledge and performance on the one hand, and visiting a doctor and having a history of attending classes on the other (P<0.05). There was also a statistically significant relationship between performance and marital status (P<0.05).

Due to the significant relationship between knowledge and performance variables and behaviors such as attending classes and visiting doctors, it is recommended to design educational programs to encourage postmenopausal women to perform breast self-examination.

Rifampin is one of the common drugs used to treat tuberculosis and is considered a strong toxic agent for the liver. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cinnamon extract administration on rifampin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Liver damage and induction of oxidative stress were caused by administration of 80 mg/kg/day rifampin. Different doses of cinnamon extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) were administered to sick mice by daily gavage in three experimental groups. Liver damage caused by rifampin was evaluated by examining serum biochemical factors as well as the amount of reactive oxygen species, glutathione, antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes in liver tissue. Data analysis was done using Prism version 6 software and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.

The administration of rifampin at the rate of 80 mg/kg for 21 consecutive days caused liver damage (P<0.05). On the other hand, administration of different doses of cinnamon extract could significantly improve the liver damage caused by rifampin consumption (P<0.05)

According to the results of this study, cinnamon extract with antioxidant properties protects the liver against oxidative damage caused by rifampin. These healing effects were shown in the form of reduction of liver damage markers in serum, reduction of oxidative stress markers and improvement of liver tissue damage.

Primary healthcare (PHC) is the best method to provide primary healthcare for the people, and is the most efficient and effective way to achieve and improve a high level of health in any society. Failure to pay attention to PHC and low-quality health services can lead to an increase in various diseases, and consequently a higher number of death toll in any society, which would cause economic damages. PHC in Iran received a lot of attention after the revolution in 1979. In PHC, a healthcare network was established throughout the country. With the development of PHC in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the causes of death have decreased, and the death due to infectious diseases, pregnancy, and childbirth problems have also decreased. Despite the vast achievements of PHC in Iran, in recent years, enough attention has not been paid to its reconstruction and consecration. Lack of sufficient financial resources, non-implementation of family doctors in cities and executive problems in family doctors, lack of human resources, lack of attention to the education of students in the health sector, their lack of students’ interest in learning the activities of this field, and structural and administrative problems are some of the existing challenges. Results of the present study suggest that policymakers in Iran need to invest more in PHC in order to improve health indicators, reduce patient admissions to hospitals, and make more appropriate use of limited financial resources. Using the infrastructure that already exists in this sector and strengthening the network of PHC play an important role in reducing household expenses; also, the position of the family doctor and its functions can be properly implemented in the society.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes an asymmetric pattern in the strength of the muscles on both sides of the body. So far, the amount of asymmetry in the isometric strength of knee muscles in Iranian women with MS has not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the extent of bilateral asymmetry in the isometric strength of knee flexor and extensor muscles in Iranian women with MS.

This is a causal-comparative study. From 93 MS patients, 27 females (20-50 years with an expanded disability status scale of less than 4) were selected as the statistical sample. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee flexor and extensor muscles was measured at the angles of 20 and 70 degrees using a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. The asymmetric score in muscle strength was also calculated as a percentage of the ratio between the peak torque isometric strength in the muscles of the weak leg to the strong one. The data were analyzed using the correlated t-test at the 95% confidence level.

The results showed a significant difference in MVIC of the knee extensor and flexor muscles between the strong and the weak leg at the angles of 20 and 70 degrees in the statistical sample of the present study (P=0.001). Additionally, in terms of asymmetry in strength, the results showed that the highest percentage of bilateral asymmetry between strong and weak legs was in the strength of knee extensor muscle at the angle of 20 degrees (31.2%), and the lowest percentage was in knee flexor muscles at 70 degrees (16.1%).

The results of this study showed that the asymmetric rate in the strength of flexor and extensor muscles of the strong and weak leg is about 16% to 31% in Iranian women with MS with an expanded disability status scale of less than 4.