فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 67 (پاییز 1401)

Undoubtedly, man as a social being is related to other human beings. Because human behavior can be influenced by others, it is important to recognize the factors that affect social relationships. The research method is descriptive-correlational and the statistical population consists of graduate students of Tehran universities in the first half of 1400, from which 160 eligible people were selected by random cluster sampling and self-identification questionnaire (Ghorbani et al., 2008). , Defense mechanisms (DSQ-40) responded to emotional self-regulation (Hoffman and Kashedan, 2010) and the quality of interpersonal relationships (Pierce et al., 1991). Research data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the components of cohesive self-knowledge (reflective self-knowledge, experiential self-knowledge and cohesive self-knowledge) have a positive relationship with the quality of interpersonal relationships. Undeveloped negative relationship and no significant relationship was found between the mechanism of disturbed psychology and the quality of interpersonal relationships. Among the components of emotional self-regulation, adaptation and tolerance have a positive relationship, and tolerance of a negative relationship has a significant relationship with the quality of interpersonal relationships. The findings of this study showed that emotional self-regulation, defense mechanisms and cohesive self-knowledge are effective factors in the quality of interpersonal relationships, so by identifying these variables in individuals and improving them, the quality of relationships can be improved.

The goal of this research was to determine and compare the effectiveness of PARISA and PARS cognitive rehabilitation packages in improving working memory and attention retention in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. The research was conducted in the form of a Semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test. A total of 33 students aged 9 to 12 years, third to fifth grade, with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, were selected by the targeted sampling Method and placed in three peer groups. Rehabilitation interventions were performed in 14 sessions of 45 minutes, with PARISA in group 1 and PARS cognitive rehabilitation package on group2.The control group did not receive any intervention. After 45 days, follow-up test was performed. N back test and continuous performance test were used to measure the variables. Data analysis with multivariate analysis of Covariance and Bonferoni post hoc test showed that both PARISA and PARS cognitive rehabilitation packages were effective in improving working memory and attention retention. The data also showed that both rehabilitation packages have the same effect on the components of working memory and attention retention. But, PARISA rehabilitation package has been effective on the working memory response time.

Rumination is a common residual symptom of depression which plays an important role in onset and permanence of depressive episodes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Rumination-Focused cognitive behavior therapy on decreasing rumination habit, depressive symptoms and improving problem solving strategies.

The research method was single-subject with multiple baseline and repetitive evaluation design. Seven participants (4 women and 3 men-one woman as pilot participant) meeting the including criteria, took part in 12, 60 minute therapy sessions. Depression, rumination and problem solving strategies were measured by BDI-II, Response Style Questionnaire (RSQ) and Cassidy and Long’s problem-solving Scale, before first session, during therapy sessions and after last one. Treatment specifically focused on switching patients from less helpful to more helpful styles of thinking through the use of functional analysis, experiential/imagery exercises and behavioral experiments.

Treatment produced significant improvements in depressive symptoms and rumination: Nearly % 71/43 of the sample showed % 50/6 reduction in RSQ and % 51/6 reduction in BDI-II. The improvement was sustained in one month fallow up. The sample’s scores in orienting strategy of Cassidy and Long’s problem-solving Scale showed some increasement. After treatment, participants did not fulfill criteria for Major Depressive Disorder.

Treating depressive rumination appears to yield generalized improvement in depression and co-morbidity. This study provides preliminary evidence that rumination-focused CBT may be an efficacious treatment for medication-refractory residual depression.

The aim of this study was to investigate the causal modeling of recovery from bipolar I disorder based on reward sensitivity and with the mediating role of sleep disturbance and cognitive insight. This cross-sectional study was performed by available sampling method on 126 patients with bipolar I disorder in the manic phase, which was referred to the psychiatric clinics of Yazd province in the period of October 2020 to May 2021, was performed. Sample subjects were reassessed for mania severity 30 days after completing the questionnaires and initial assessment. A researcher-made questionnaire, Clinical Global Impressions Scale for Bipolar Disorder, Young Mania Rating Scale, Emotional Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Daneman & Carpenter Working Memory Test, and the Sensitive to Reward and Sensitive to Punishment Scale were used to assess individuals. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Smartpls-3 software. The results showed that the value of t-statistic for all pathways except the path of reward sensitivity to cognitive insight and the path of cognitive insight to recovery from the disorder, is higher than 1.96 and as a result are significant at 95% confidence level. It can be concluded that Reward sensitivity can directly and indirectly (through its effect on sleep disturbance) affect the recovery from bipolar I disorder. However, reward sensitivity through cognitive insight has no effect on recovery from bipolar I disorder.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of abnormal personality dimensions, body image and symptoms of dramatic personality disorder in predicting marital dissatisfaction of women seeking divorce. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was women who filed for divorce and referred to family courts in 1400. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 160 people who were selected and examined using the available sampling method based on entry and exit criteria. Enrich's marital dissatisfaction questionnaire, abnormal personality dimensions of Krueger et al, Sueto and Garcia's self-concept and clinical-Millon multi-axis questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple (simultaneous) regression analysis. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between abnormal dimensions of personality (negative emotion, failure, opposition, restraint) and symptoms of dramatic personality disorder with marital dissatisfaction. Marital dissatisfaction also increases. There is also a negative and significant relationship between body image satisfaction and marital dissatisfaction. So that with increasing satisfaction body image, marital dissatisfaction decreases. The results of regression analysis also showed that the variables of dramatic personality disorder, negative emotion and opposition, dark dimensions of personality and satisfaction with body image can negatively and significantly predict the marital dissatisfaction of women seeking divorce. Attention to personality traits and body image satisfaction play an important role in marital dissatisfaction.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on the components of episodic memory and the ability to transfigure patients with schizophrenia patients. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and control group. The study population of all schizophrenia patients under treatment and care in Farabi Hospital, Isfahan (Year 2021). The statistical sample consisted of 30 male and female schizophrenic patients treated in Farabi Hospital, Isfahan who were voluntarily selected according to the inclusion criteria and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The independent variable of treatment was based on cognitive rehabilitation (Brekke and Ansel 1999, Baker and Thompson 1999), which was held for the experimental group in 12 sessions (In groups for 30 to 45 minutes), while the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments were Bandar Gestalt visual-motor test and N-Beck test (working memory). The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that treatment based on cognitive rehabilitation had a significant effect on the components of episodic memory and the ability to transcribe the shape in patients with schizophrenia (p <0.01). And the stability of the effect of the obtained results remained until the one-month follow-up stage (p <0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that treatment for cognitive ability is a way to Improvement episodic memory and use shape resorption in schizophrenia and it can be used in designing and modifying interventions to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia.

The aim of the study was to determine the role of temperament-character and neuroticism in predicting the regulation of arousal. For this purpose, 300 students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University were selected by cluster sampling and completed the Cloninger temperament character inventory (TCI), Neuroticism Scale (SPI-5), Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire (FMI-SF), and the physical arousal scale. The results of factor analysis showed that the two-factor model of arousal has good construct validity. There is a positive correlation between perseverance and self-transcendence with the factor of believing in awareness of emotions and a negative correlation between self-direction and belief in awareness of emotions. There is also a positive relationship between perseverance and self-transcendence with the belief in changing consciousness and a negative relationship between neuroticism and harm avoidance with the belief in changing consciousness. There is also a positive relationship between self-direction, cooperation, and self-transcendence with mindfulness and a negative relationship between neuroticism, novelty-seeking, and harm avoidance with mindfulness. In addition, findings showed that self-transcendence, perseverance, self-direction, and reward-dependence were able to significantly predict the regulation of arousal through the factor of believing in emotional awareness. The self-direction, self-transcendence, perseverance, neuroticism, and harm avoidance were also able to significantly predict the arousal regulation through the belief in changing consciousness. On the other hand, neuroticism, harm avoidance, and self-direction were able to explain the changes in arousal regulation through mindfulness. In general, it can be concluded that the psychobiological aspects of personality can play an important role in regulating arousal

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mindfulness training on increasing attention and controlling aggression in music students aged 7 to 12 years in music schools. The method of the present study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study included children of music students in the music school of Tehran Art House in the winter of 2020 and the spring of 2021. From this community, 30 children were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research instruments included the aggression questionnaire of Vahedi et al. (2008) and Manley et al. (1999) attention test. The experimental group received eight sessions of mindfulness intervention according to the protocol provided by Bayer (2006) but the control group did not receive any psychological intervention. In addition to descriptive indicators, multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that mindfulness training has a significant effect on improving attention (sustained attention, selective attention and attention control) and reducing aggression (verbal-aggressive, physical-aggressive, relational and impulsive anger) in children of music students (P<0/05). The results showed that the use of mindfulness as a psychological treatment to improve attention and reduce aggression in children of music students should be considered and used.

The aim of this study was the effectiveness of Cattell personality-systemic couple therapy on couple relationship disorder and differentiation of women with depressive disorder. The research design was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was depressed women in the summer of 2020 in the city of Urmia who had referred to one of the three centers of counseling and psychological services Pendar, Ravan Bonyan and Behraz, of which 30 people according to the structured interview The basis of diagnostic and statistical guidelines for mental disorders and cut scores of 20 to 28 in Beck Depression Inventory were selected by purposive sampling and were divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control group (15 people). Beck Depression Inventory (2001), Scourne Differentiation Questionnaire (2003) and Barati-Sanaei (2015) couple relationship disorder were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that personality-systemic couple therapy has an effect on the disorder of couple relationship and differentiation in women with depressive disorder and significantly reduces couple relationship disorder and increases the degree of differentiation. Therefore, paying attention to personality-systemic couple therapy has an important role in reducing the confusion of the marital relationship and improving the differentiation of women with depressive disorder.

The mother is the first person with whom the child has a relationship, so she has the most important role in child rearing. Aim of the present study was to design and test a model of casual Relationship between calling-childrearing and psychological well-being, self-efficacy of children with mediating psychological well-being, parental efficacy, of women teachers in Jalal Abad Afghanistan. The study participants included 250 female teachers and 250 of their children aged 16 years living in Jalalabad, Afghanistan who were selected by random sampling. Female participants completed the subjective sense of calling Questionnaire (Coulson et al., 2012), the Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (Reef, 1989), and the Parental Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Dumka et al., 1996). Children completed the Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (Reef, 1989) and general Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Scherer et al., 1982). In order to evaluate the proposed model, structural equation modeling and for testing of the mediators effects the bootstrap method of Amos software was used. The research findings showed that the designed model had a relatively good model fit. In addition, the research findings showed that all direct paths of parenting calling to mother psychological well-being, parental self-efficacy, children's psychological well-being and children's self-efficacy were positive and significant. Also, the parenting calling indirectly and through women's psychological well-being and parental self-efficacy had a positive and significant effect on children's psychological well-being and self-efficacy. It is suggested that in order to increase the psychological well-being and self-efficacy of children, women should become more familiar with their parenting calling.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral stress management with positive imagination of recovery on quality of life and general health in the patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The research method was experimental with pre test, post test and control group. The method of this research was a quasi experimental design with pre test, post test and control group. The sample consisted of 30 women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) who were selected based on clinical interview, diagnosis of internal medicine and gastroenterology and a questionnaire that measures symptoms (IBS). They were randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control group (n=15). The experimental group received 10 sessions of cognitive behavioral stress management with positive imagination of recovery in one 90 minute sessions per week. The study data were collected using Goldberg general health questionnaire (GHQ) and quality of life in irritable bowel patients (IBS-QOL) questionnaire in 2 time points; before the intervention and after it. The obtained data were analyzed by analysis of covariance in SPSS V. 22. The results of covariance analysis showed cognitive behavioral stress management with positive imagination of recovery increased general health and quality of life (P < 0.001) in the experimental group compared with the control group at the post test. psychological intervention special cognitive behavioral stress management with positive imagination of recovery can be effective in improving the general health and quality of life of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Attention to emotions is one of the basic components in the field of psychopathology and with clarity of emotion make a wider frame work of emotion awareness. Attention to emotions shows the measure of the person’s concern and control on his emotions is made of two sub scales including involuntary and voluntary attention to emotions. This scale is designed to reach the goal of measuring this event. And its psychometric feature is confirmed in non-Iranian population. But it hasn’t been investigated in Iranian population yet.The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of this scale in the Iranian population. In this study 263 people answered the questionnaire that includes attention to emotion scale, Pennsylvania scale, depression, anxiety and stress scale, and positive and negative emotions with the method of available sampling. Finally, the result data was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha statistical analysis, confirmatory facts analysis and Pearson correlation test. The final amount in the questionnaire using Cronbach’s alpha was:0/752. In addition to check the structure of the questionnaire by confirmatory factor analysis was used and the result of the study shows a desirable suitability of parameters. (RMSEA = 0/055, CFI = 0/925, GFI = 0/928, CMIN/DF= 1/777). This questionnaire like the English version contains a desirable psychometric parameter including two factors: involuntary and Voluntary attention to emotions in Iranian population. It just needs to eliminate one item (item 9 because of lacking significance difference) and it can be used as a reliable tool for the future research.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between communication patterns and family emotional atmosphere with academic vitality mediated by students' academic resilience. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of the study was all high school students in Qazvin in the academic year 1399-1400. The statistical sample consisted of 387 high school students in Qazvin who were selected using available sampling. The Fitzpatrick and Ritchie (1994) Family Pattern Communication Patterns Questionnaire, the Hillburn Family Emotional Questionnaire (1964), Hossein Chari and Dehghanizadeh (2014) Academic Vitality Questionnaire, and the Samuels (2004) Academic Resilience Questionnaire were used to collect data. The data analysis method was structural equation modeling that all analyzes were performed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software. Findings showed that the structural relationship between communication patterns and emotional atmosphere of the family with academic vitality through the mediation of students' academic resilience is appropriate. The results of direct relations between the research variables in the final model show that in the whole sample all path coefficients except the orientation of compliance with academic resilience were statistically significant. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the relationship between communication patterns and emotional atmosphere of the family with academic vitality is appropriate due to the role of academic resilience.

The aim of this study was to study the effect of intelligence enhancement program based on successful intelligence theory in three areas of verbal and numerical visuals on improving the multiple intelligence abilities of elementary students. The research design was quasi-experimental with two experimental and control groups and post-test design. The statistical sample consisted of 44 female students in the fourth grade of elementary school who were selected by multi-stage random sampling from girls' primary schools in Qom in the academic year of 2020-2021, and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The students in the experimental group underwent an intelligence training program during 12 sessions of 75 minutes and the control group did not receive any training in this regard. Students in both groups answered the Chapman and Chislett (2005) Multiple Intelligences Questionnaire after completing the training and the data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. The findings showed; Successful intelligence-based intelligence-enhancing activities are effective in promoting students' multiple intelligences at the level (p <0.05), and in relation to the components of multiple intelligences have a positive and significant effect on language, math and spatial abilities. But there was no significant difference between the two groups on interpersonal, intrapersonal, musical and kinetic-motor abilities. As a result, the intelligence program, based on Sternberg's theory of successful intelligence, can be used as a useful intervention method to increase students' multiple intelligence skills.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy in improving physical intelligence, anxiety tolerance, and sense of cohesion in patients with essential hypertension. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The population under study included all men with essential hypertension referring to Shams boarding clinic in Bonab city in the first half of 2022. The research sample consisted of 40 people selected voluntarily and randomly assigned to two groups of 20 people (experimental and control). Metacognitive therapy was held in nine sessions of 90 minutes and one session per week for the experimental group. The sense of cohesion (Antonovsky, 1987), physical intelligence (Anderson, 2006) and distress tolerance (Simons and Gaher, 2005) questionnaires were used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was applied to analyze the data. Based on the results, metacognitive therapy increased physical intelligence, distress tolerance, and sense of cohesion in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.01). The results suggested that the counselors and psychologists of psychotherapy centers apply metacognitive therapy to improve psychological conditions and reduce the physical problems of people with essential hypertension.

The aim of this study was to determine the Effectiveness of Positive Youth Development Education on adolescents' psychological capital and anxiety. The study population was the first grade high school students in Tehran Region 1 and the study sample was 30 girls aged 12 to 17 years (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) in the year 1999-99. The experimental group participated in a positive adolescent transformation training program during 12 two-hour sessions. Data collection tools were Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire(1970) and Lutans Psychological Capital(2007). Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software and analysis of covariance. The results showed that between the experimental and control groups in anxiety scores; Anxiety status, anxiety traits and psychological capital scores; There is a significant difference between optimism and self-efficacy (P> 0.05). The mean post-test scores of the experimental group increased significantly in the components of optimism and self-efficacy and decreased significantly in the components of anxiety, which indicates the effectiveness of adolescent positive development education on anxiety and psychological capital of adolescents. Emphasis on the components of positive transformation can be an appropriate practical program for the treatment of anxiety and the promotion of psychological capital with an emphasis on self-efficacy and optimism in adolescents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy on depression, anxiety and stress in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group.The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients of Shahid Madani Hospital in Tabriz who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery between August 6, 2019 to August 5, 2020, from which 30 patients were selected by purposive sampling method and were assigned into two groups: experimental (15 couples) and control (15 couples).Couples in the experimental group were exposed to cognitive-behavioral couple therapy intervention for 10 sessions once a week for 90 minute each time; While the control group couples did not receive this intervention.The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to collect data. Subjects of both groups answered the research questionnaire in the pre-test and post-test stages.Analysis of covariance (Ancova) was used for statistical analysis of data using SPSS software.Findings showed that cognitive-behavioral couple therapy improves the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (P = 0.001).Cognitive-behavioral Couple Therapy can be effective in improving couples' relationships and increasing their emotional support and treating patients' psychological disorders by making changes in couples' cognitions and behaviors using various techniques and teaching effective skills.

Some people, despite the natural or almost natural appearance of their body, have a constant preoccupation with their physical appearance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of emotion regulation training on self-interpretation, emotional creativity and interpersonal emotion regulation in girls with body deformity disorder. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all girls with body deformity disorder in Pooyesh Fahim Clinic in Tehran in 2021, from which 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly in two experimental groups (15 people). And the control group (15 people) were replaced. The research instruments were the modified Yale-Brown Scale for Body Deformity Disorder, Hardin et al.'s Self-Interpretation Questionnaire, the April Emotional Creativity Questionnaire, and the Huffman et al. Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The experimental group received emotion regulation skills based on the Gross model in 8 sessions of 60 minutes. The collected data were analyzed by one-way analysis of covariance. The results showed that emotion regulation training is effective on self-interpretation, emotional creativity and interpersonal emotion regulation in girls with body deformity disorder (P<0.05). Based on the research findings, it can be said that emotion regulation training is effective in reducing independent self-interpretation, increasing emotional creativity and interpersonal emotion regulation in girls with body deformity disorder.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and self-criticism of adolescent girls experiencing parental divorce mourning. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test and was applied in terms of purpose and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of the present study was 16-14 years old girls from divorced families living in Tehran in 1398 and the sampling method was purposeful and based on the criteria, 30 people were selected as a sample and in two experimental groups (15 people). And control group (15). Data collection tools in this study, three standard questionnaires of cognitive emotion regulation Garnfsky et al. (2001), Hogan et al. (2001) mourning list and Thompson Vazurov (2004) self-critical levels were used. The results showed that emotion-based therapy is effective on emotional cognitive regulation and self-criticism of adolescent girls with parental divorce mourning experience. In fact, emotion therapy improves the cognitive regulation of emotion and self-criticism in adolescents. Therefore, emotion-oriented therapy has an important role in increasing cognitive emotion regulation and reducing self-criticism in adolescents.

Childhood trauma leads to negative consequences for mental health such as anxiety disorders. This study examined the mediating role of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance in the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety. The research method was correlational structural equations and the statistical population of the study included students of Bo Ali Sina University of Hamedan in the academic year of 99-98. According to the number of observed variables in the study, 350 people were selected by available sampling method. Research instruments included Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Brief Experimental Avoidance Scale, Cognitive Fusion Scale, and Leibovitz Social Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed by structural equation method. Based on the research findings, there was a significant relationship between childhood trauma, cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance and social anxiety (p <0.01). According to the values of fit indices such as RMSEA, CFI, IFI, SRMR, etc., the proposed conceptual model was fitted. The mediating role of cognitive fusion and empirical avoidance was also confirmed. Experimental avoidance and cognitive fusion can be special ways to affect trauma on anxiety.

The aim of current study is to examine modeling of prediction to work quality of life based on organizational climate with mediating to stress coping strategies. The proced Employees ure of this research was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population of this study is all personel in Branches of General Administration at 1400 years working in social security organization. We selected 184 Employees based on Green formula. Method of sampling was convenience. The instruments of this study were work quality of life questionnaire of qasemzadeh (1384), Hoy, Tarter & Kottkamp's organizational climate questionnaire (1991) & Lazarus & Folkman's stress coping strategies inventory (1974). The collective data was analyzed by structural equation modeling. The data showed that stress coping strategies mediates the relationship between organizational climate and work quality of life positive significantly in in Employees with social security organization. Also problem-focused coping strategy positive significantly and emotion-focused coping strategy negative significantly mediates the relationship between organizational climate and work quality of life. Also organizational climate has a positive effect on work quality of life. Based on the findings, it can be said that part of the effect of organizational climate on work quality of life could be applied through stress coping strategies. The better organizational climate as well as problem-focused coping strategy led to high health-related quality of life in Employees in Branches of General Administration working in social security organization.Keywords: organizational climate, stress coping strategies, work quality of life, Employees

The aim of this study was the effectiveness of schema therapy on self-criticism and emotional self-regulation of depressed women. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was depressed women in the winter of 1399 in Tehran who had referred to one of the three counseling centers and psychological services, of which 30 people according to the interview structured based on the diagnostic and statistical guidelines of mental disorders. And scores above 11 in Beck Depression Inventory were selected by purposive sampling and were divided into two experimental groups (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). Beck Depression Inventory, Thompson and Zarov Self-Criticism Scale and Beaufort Emotional Self-Regulation Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that schema therapy has an effect on self-criticism and emotional self-regulation in women with depressive disorder and significantly reduces self-criticism and increases emotional self-regulation. Therefore, attention to schema therapy has an important role in reducing self-criticism and improving emotional self-regulation in women with depressive disorder.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between child abuse and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo with the mediating role of experiential avoidance and the moderating role of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder. In this study, the correlation of the statistical population included 1066 people in the age range of 18 to 60 years. At first, 40 of those who denied child abuse were excluded from the study and then the remaining individuals were divided into two groups based on the z score of the ADHD questionnaire. Research instruments include Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale (BAARS), Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Second Edition (AAQ-II). The findings showed that experiential avoidance mediates the relationship between child abuse and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder only modulates the relationship between child abuse and experiential avoidance. Conclusion Experimental avoidance mediates the relationship between child abuse and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and can play a role in the symptoms of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo. Therefore, researchers and therapists are advised to pay attention to the mediating role of experiential avoidance in the onset of symptoms of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in victims of child abuse.

Emotional and behavioral problems usually start in pre-primary school, and parent-centered meta-emotional training and family-centered play therapy are interventions that can be effective in this field. The purpose of the present study was to compare parent-centered meta-emotional education and family-centered play therapy on the disruptive behaviors of preschool children. This research was applied and its method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included preschool children in Tehran in 1400-1401, 45 of them were selected by a purposive sampling method and were divided into three equal experimental and control groups by a simple random method. The parents of the first experimental group underwent parent-centered meta-emotional education, and the parents of the second experimental group underwent family-centered play therapy, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Rater's behavioral problems questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The results showed that parent-centered meta-emotional education and family-centered play therapy had a significant effect on reducing children's behavioral problems in the post-test and follow-up phase (P<0.001). There were not significant difference between the effectiveness of the two groups (P>0.05). parent-centered meta-emotional education and family-centered play therapy can be used as an effective intervention in reducing children's behavioral problems.

This study was intendedn to investigate the impact of communicational skills based spirituality therapy on the consumption greed of drugs, hope and psychological well-being of treated drug addicts. This study was a semi-experimental study based on pre-posttests group and control group. Population consisted of addicts referred to addiction retreat camp of Dedaye Omid (N=40) who 30 addict were selected among them randomly and were grouped in two groups including experimental group (15) and control group (15). In this study, three standard questionnaires were used to measure data including greedy use of drugs of Fdardi materials, Bafrafan and Ziaee (2008), Snider et.al. (1991) hope questionnaire and Ryff (1995) psychological well-being questionnaire Results showed that spiritual therapy positively and significantly impacted on greedy use of drugs, hope to life and its components and psychological well-being and its components. Psychologists and counselors in the field of addiction treatment can use spiritual therapy as a complementary treatment in the treatment of addiction and preventing temptation and relapse.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassionate mind training on psychological well-being and distress tolerance of women involved in marital conflict. The research applied a quasi-experimental design including pre-test, post-test, and control group. The statistical population included all women who had gone to counseling centers in Isfahan due to experiencing marital conflict. The statistical sample consisted of 24 women selected by purposive sampling method according to the entry and exit criteria and randomly replaced in two groups of 12 experimental and control. Before the training, both groups were tested by the Barati and Sanai marital conflict test, the psychological well-being of Reef and Keys, and the distress tolerance of Simmons and Gaher. Training sessions for the experimental group were held once a week (90 minutes) for eight sessions. After the sessions, a post-test was performed for both groups. Data analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that compassionate mind training had a significant effect on increasing psychological well-being (components of positive relationships with others, autonomy, and mastery of the environment) and distress tolerance (tolerance and absorption components) (p <0.05). In general, compassionate mind training can increase the psychological well-being and tolerance of the women experiencing marital conflict.

The present study was entitled "Predicting adolescents' emotional self-awareness based on parenting stress, parenting styles and parental self-criticism among families in Yazd" in 1400. This research is a descriptive-correlative study with a survey method. The statistical population of this study was all adolescents (12-19 years old) with their parents. 220 adolescents with one of their parents who were available were selected as a sample. Data was collected by Reef et al.'s(2007) Emotional Self-Awareness Questionnaire, Abidin Parenting Stress(1990), Baumrind Parenting Style(1991), and Thompson and Zuroff(2004) Self-Criticism Questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS and Amos software. The results showed that all three variables of parenting stress, parenting style, and parents' self-criticism directly related to adolescent emotional self-awareness. inverse and significant relationship between Parental self-criticism and adolescent emotional self-awareness (P<0.001), inverse and significant relationship between parenting stress and emotional self-awareness(P<0.05), direct and significant relationship authoritative parenting style and emotional self-awareness (P< 0/001), significant inverse relationship between permissive parenting style and emotional self-awareness (P< 0/001) and no significant relationship was found between authoritarian parenting style and emotional self-awareness (P>0/05). Therefore, It can be concluded that parental self-criticism, parenting stress, and parenting style directly affect adolescents’ emotional awareness

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of attachment-based psychoanalytic psychotherapy inimproving insecure attachment and obsessive love in women with obsessive love style. The research design was in the framework of a single-subject experimental design with a single baseline with a follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all women referring to medical and counseling centers in Mashhad who presented with problems in intimate relationships in 1998-99, that were selected by purposive sampling of three women. Materials with a research design were measured at the baseline stage using the Frilly et al.'s (2000) Close Relationship Experience Questionnaire and the Phalango Love Addiction Questionnaire (2012). Then, in the intervention phase, during 50 sessions (two sessions of 45 minutes per week), attachment-based psychoanalytic psychotherapy was performed based on the model. In this regard, the scores of the variables were measured in the intermediate stage, after treatment and two month follow-up. For data analysis, visual and graphical analysis methods as well as calculation of recovery percentage were used. Data analysis showed that attachment-based psychoanalytic psychotherapy was affected on improvement the anxious insecure attachment and obsessive love style also the results showed that attachment-based psychoanalytic psychotherapy had little effect on modifying the avoidant insecure attachment style of women. These findings can have practical implications in clinical fields and improve obsessive love style and anxious attachment in women.

The aim of this study was the effectiveness of reality therapy and positive thinking training on self-disability and negative problem orientation, with a moderating role in blind high school students in Ardabil. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and follow-up. The statistical population consisted of blind male and female high school students in Ardabil (academic year 1399). Sixty-six volunteers were purposefully selected by random sampling in two experimental groups and one control group (22 people in each group). Intervention training was considered for the reality therapy group for 10 sessions and positive thinking for 8 sessions. Absolute blindness and education in secondary school were considered as entrance criteria and not being under the supervision of a psychiatrist, not taking medication and not attending more than 3 sessions were considered as exit criteria. Data were collected through a questionnaire of self-disability and negative orientation to the problem. Multivariate analysis of covariance and Beferroni post hoc test using SPSS 21 software were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that positive-thinking therapy intervention and reality-therapy resulted in differences between the experimental and control groups with a gender-modulating role in self-disability and negative orientation to the problem, which was persistent in the follow-up period (P <0.05). It can be concluded that reality therapy and positive thinking training is effective in improving the condition of the experimental group in the field of self-disability and negative orientation to the problem, so its use is emphasized in blind students..

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy with acceptance and commitment based therapy on quality of life and emotion regulation of women victims of domestic violence in Kermanshah. The research design of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population consists of women victims of domestic violence in Kermanshah who referred to counseling centers in 2021. Among those who had voluntarily registered through the call to participate in this course, 45 people were randomly selected in the experimental and control groups based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. The research instruments were the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The interventions of the two groups were performed in groups for 8 sessions of 90 minutes twice a week. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software and statistical tests of univariate analysis of covariance and Benferoni post hoc test with a probability value of 0/05. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment to the control group were significantly effective on quality of life and emotion regulation of women victims of domestic violence (P<0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed between the two treatments (P=1). According to the research results, it can be said that these treatment methods can be used in family counseling and psychotherapy environments.