نشریه مطالعات جامعه شناختی در ورزش
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 5، زمستان 1401)

What follows is an overview of the views and ideas of Marcel Mouss, the conqueror of the new land of sports sociology.A land where man is called the product of his body and it is thought that all techniques of the body are the result of the cultural context and the process of socialization, and physical activitys are closely related to culture and social system."Mars Mouss" is the conqueror of a land that heralds the entry of social science into the field of physical activity as well as games and sporting events, thus laying the foundation for the sociology of sport.

The research method of this study is based on the nature of the subject of documents, and accordingly, the library technique was used to collect information.

In this article, first a brief look at the life and works of this French sociologist and then his theoretical application in the field of games and sports is explained and the foundations of his thoughts in the field of emerging science of sports sociology are examined and then the foundation is explained. His ideas about total social realities, including games and sports, are theoretically emphasized by focusing on the article "Techniques crops" and focus on human nature and the nature of physical techniques, as well as human emotions, all of which have a cultural flavor and a common sociological element. He follows the name "habitus", and finally analyzes the games using the" Potlatch" Customs which "Marcel Mouss" borrowed from the natives of the East Coast, and claims that according to this Customs, the primitive tribes have human motivation and purpose.

The game is not just about financial gain, but also non-economic goals, including strengthening relationships and promoting social status.

The general purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of passion, satisfaction of needs and conflict in the perception of burnout in athletes.

The current research was a descriptive correlational research based on structural equation modeling, and the data was collected in the survey and through a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research was made up of all volleyball players aged 13 to 17 in Tehran, whose number was 295. In this research, the questionnaires of passion (Wallerand et al. 2003), satisfaction of needs in sports (Lopez et al. 2020), conflict (Wallerand et al. 2010), athlete burnout (Raedeke and Smith, 2001) were used.

The results showed that adaptive passion has a significant negative effect on conflict in athletes. While harmonious passion has a significant positive effect on the satisfaction of needs in athletes. Also, obsessive passion has a significant positive effect on conflict in athletes. While extreme passion has a significant negative effect on the satisfaction of needs in athletes. In addition, contrast has a significant positive effect on attrition in athletes. Satisfaction of needs has a significant negative effect on burnout in athletes.

Basic psychological needs should be considered as the necessary energy to help actively engage with the environment, develop skills and healthy growth. Because when players receive more positive energy from attending training and matches and have a desire for more active interactions in training and match environments, in this case, their burnout rate will decrease.

The purpose of this study was to identify the preconditions, strategies and consequences of implementing ethical management in sports in the country based on data theory and provide a model.

The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data search and based on data theory and in terms of analytical-exploratory data analysis method and in terms of time of research is present-type. The information was collected in the field method. The statistical population of the study includes all sports experts in the country. The statistical sample was purposeful and finally interviewed with 35 people. Data collection was done through semi-organized and exploratory interviews with sports experts in the country. Foundation data analysis methods were used to analyze the data.

 Results:

 The results showed that the concepts obtained from coding signs in the category of predecessors include 17 items in two categories of organizational and extra-organizational concepts, in the category of strategies including 43 items and three categories of organizational strategies, group strategies and individual-personality strategies and concepts. Regarding the future, 29 items were divided into three categories: micro-level (individual), medium-level (group) and macro-level (organization).

The country's sports managers can use the concepts obtained to implement ethical management in sports and the implementation of ethical management in the country's sports causes the effectiveness of individual, group and organizational activities in order to achieve organizational goals.

The purpose of this research was to present a model of sports talent management of Iranian students based on grounded theory.

In this research, the grounded theory method was utilized to theorize the topic based on a series of data coding steps using MAXQDA software, which ultimately resulted in the identification of the final list of key factors to present a model of sports talent management of Iranian students. The participants of this study consisted of sports management professors and experts with rich experiences in the field of sports talent management. The sampling method was purposeful with professors and experts in the field of sports talent management and it was used up until theoretical saturation. Therefore, 16 experts in this field were interviewed.

After familiarizing and mastering the data, initial coding was carried out. In the second stage, after refining the initial codes, we came up with 28 concepts. The final categories were counted after categorizing 9 categories, and the way they are used is included in the model. This model considered leadership and management of sports talent, the growth and excellence of human force, the design of the system for monitoring, evaluation, and the provision of space, equipment and technology as causal conditions. An intervening condition in this model was talent motivation management. The model also included two categories of expanding the talent identification discourse and regulating interactions with institutions and families as background conditions. Talent identification, talent cultivation and talent management are also assumed as the main strategies in this model. Finally, as is also assumed in the last section, the result of this model should increase the vitality and hope for the future in students.

It is expected that the senior officials of the Ministry of Education would implement a model of sports talent management of students at the country level to provide efficient and effective human resources for the future of the Iran's sports.

When it comes to identifying and developing talent in sports for athletes with disabilities, it is important to note that high-performance sports for people with disabilities are fundamentally different from those of healthy people in terms of discovering and developing new talents. Extraordinary performances and success in sports for the disabled and providing an environment for the development of talents such as non-sports for the disabled is simply not possible and the success or failure of sports depends on factors such as: economic, social and human resources in a country. The present study aimed to provide a paradigm model of the characteristics of the talent development environment of Paralympic athletes.

This research has been done in the framework of a qualitative approach and by applying the data research method of the foundation. Participants in this study were physical education and sports science specialists, Paralympic and world champion athletes and disabled sports coaches who were selected by purposive and theoretical sampling for semi-structured interviews and the interviews continued until the theoretical saturation stage. Data were analyzed simultaneously with data collection using Strauss and Corbin method. The acceptability of the data was confirmed based on 5 criteria.

Results:

 The results show that 15 main categories and 76 subcategories in the form of 6 dimensions of the paradigm model include: 1- Causal causes including 4 categories: individual, cultural, economic and social factors; 2- The main phenomenon includes 1 category: a special approach to cultivating sports talent for the disabled; 3- Strategy includes 2 categories: management system design, process-oriented strategy; 4- Ground characteristics including 3 categories: planning, support, supportive background; 5- The intervener includes 2 categories: infrastructural factors, environmental factors; 6- Outcome includes 3 categories: successful disability, championship, development of sports abilities of the disabled; The paradigm model is the characteristics of the talent development environment of Paralympic athletes.

The integration of categories based on the relationships between them around the axis of the talent development environment of paralympic athletes forms a paradigm model reflecting the pattern of managers involved in the talent development environment of Paralympic athletes.

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of the effect of social responsibility on organizational reputation with the mediating role of professional ethics among managers and employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth in Kermanshah province.

The research method was descriptive-survey, and based on structural equations, which was done in the field. The statistical population of the study included 320 managers and employees of sports and youth departments of Kermanshah province, who based on Cochran's formula, 175 people were selected as a statistical sample by stratified random sampling. Data collection tools were the use of three questionnaires: Brown et al.'s Ethical Leadership (2005), Carol's Social Responsibility (1979), and Loma-Aho's (2008) Organizational Reputation. In this research, structural equations have been used to investigate the relationships between model components and Smart PLS software has been used to analyze the data.

Results: 

The findings showed that professional ethics had a positive and significant impact on organizational reputation, professional ethics on social responsibility and social responsibility on organizational reputation. Based on this, social responsibility has the greatest impact on organizational reputation and professional ethics has the least impact on organizational reputation.

According to the research findings, it is suggested to the managers of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Kermanshah province, to have a dynamic organization by performing social responsibilities in economic, social, moral and humanitarian dimensions and also to create a commitment to professional ethics. Build organizational reputation among your employees, and increase the overall performance of your organization.

The purpose of this research was to design a strategic map and operational model of Iran Judo Federation's strategies using the balanced scorecard method.

The research method is descriptive and practical in terms of purpose. The research data was collected in a survey and in a mixed way. The statistical population in the quantitative part was 70 people, including officials of the federation and judo boards and managers of the country's first-level judo clubs, and in the qualitative part, 12 people were judo experts. Due to the limitation of members, the statistical sample was equal to the population. The research tool was a questionnaire to determine the landscape of strategies. For data analysis, frequency percentage and chi-chi-square test were used in the quantitative part, and experts' opinions, logical induction method and strategic council meetings were used in the qualitative part.

Results: 

The findings showed that there are four aspects of finance and development, customer, internal processes and growth and learning. 36 strategic goals, 37 criteria and 39 actions and initiatives were formulated. It can be said that with measures such as the increase of talent centers and participating clubs in basic development, the increase of talent coaches, the increase of qualitative targeted courses and the development of comparative studies and statistics, the most important international measures for the development of judo in terms of growth and learning. It will facilitate the realization of the strategies of the processes and will help the officials to achieve the foundation and considered development and professionalization of judo sport, stabilization and continuity of judo honors at the Asian and global levels.

Due to the relationship between strategies and strategic goals, measures and actions and initiatives of the Judo Federation in different perspectives, this model has the ability to create a basis for the achievement of the country's long-term judo goals

The aim of this study was to investigating the role of emotional persuasion on self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude of sports students (an experimental study).

The present study is a quasi-experimental and applied research that was conducted in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The research population consists of graduate and undergraduate students of sports sciences of Mashhad universities who according to the research protocol, 150 people were randomly selected as a sample. For data collection, the samples (150 people) were first classified into three virtual groups (telegram): positive, negative persuasion and control. An online questionnaire was provided to the samples during the pre-test and post-test. Positive and negative persuasion messages were then sent to the groups for one month.

Results: 

The findings show that positive emotional motivation has a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy and change in attitudes toward entrepreneurship of sports students. Also, negative emotional persuasion had no effect on students' entrepreneurial attitude, but in relation to the self-efficacy variable, it shows a significant effect.

If a person is encouraged towards entrepreneurship by various factors, we can hope that his belief and self-efficacy will be strengthened and his attitude towards entrepreneurship will change in a positive direction. Because as the results of research show, a person's emotions can be effective in this direction. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to deal with the fear and the phenomenon of student unemployment, positive incentives be used in the educational environment to see the adjustment of unemployment of this segment of society in the future