فصلنامه پژوهش های اطلاعاتی و جنایی
سال هفدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 68، زمستان 1401)

Research in the developmental dimension (degree of development of countries) and macroeconomics has dealt with the economic context of crime (number of homicides). The aim is to specify the economic model (number of homicides) and estimate its regression between countries for selected countries and Iran.

The model is experimental and the meta-analysis method is used. It is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational research in terms of data collection and analysis. The statistical population consists of all countries in the world, the sample size is 24 countries and in it the variables of human development degree were used as an index of development, inflation rate, consumer price index, unemployment rate and urban population percentage and were estimated by balanced data panel technique. Data were extracted from the Human Development Report of the United Nations, the World Bank and the World Health Organization during the period 1990-2018.

The initial estimation of the model showed that the coefficient of variable percentage of urban population in 24 selected countries is meaningless and the model specification test showed that it is a disturbing variable, so it was removed from the model and the model was estimated again.

The degree of development has a negative and significant effect on the number of homicides in countries, the variables of inflation rate and unemployment rate have a positive and significant effect on the number of homicides. Comparison of the results showed that the coefficient of variable degree of development in Iran is 13 times higher than the group of selected countries and the unemployment rate is higher but the inflation rate is lower. Practical suggestion: Allow the law enforcement force to increase its mission and extensive activities in detecting and clearing corruption gangs in the government.

This study aims to investigate the multifaceted actions of non-judicial institutions and activists for the release of prisoners. The declining criminal population over the past two decades has gripped domestic, regional, and international public opinion. Research

This research is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of research method and the statistical population of this research has been judicial, social and cultural experts. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire and the statistical population of experts is three categories of Diyeh headquarters, Prison Support Association and the country's Prisons Cooperative Foundation, whose data have been analyzed through advanced statistical methods.

The findings show that non-judicial actors can play an effective role in reducing the population and increasing public security, away from any political action and only in order to reduce the criminal population.

Among the components, "the structural role of non-judicial actors in reducing the criminal population of prisons" in the first place; "The role of non-judicial governmental and non-governmental micro-level organizations" is in the second place and "Individual role and legal knowledge of non-judicial actors" are in the third place in prioritizing in order to reduce the criminal population of the country's prisons.

Most countries have specific criminal policies against dangerous criminals. The police, as one of the institutions of criminal justice, play a role in controlling the crimes of this group of criminals according to the law.In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify the loopholes in the interaction of executive criminal policy, especially the police with judicial criminal policy and the existing challenges.

This is a qualitative research and In terms of implementation method, it is descriptive-analytical. The data related to the documentation method have been collected and analyzed by carefully analyzing the laws, existing documents and examining the theories of jurists and criminologists.

Iran's criminal policy towards dangerous criminals for various reasons, including the problems of Crime detection; Structural and instrumental in the process of controlling dangerous criminals and accepting the theory of deprivation of liberty is mostly based on criminal and Societal response, while the acceptance of this model of criminal policy has created problems in the process of combating their crimes.

the policy of entitlement penalties due to the problems of inflation of the prison population causes the reactions of those in charge of detection to be difficult and recognizing the loopholes in Adaptive strategies andThe use of identification methods and strategies in this research has led to its organization and coherence of Iran'scriminal policies against dangerous criminals.

Geographic information system is one of the most important tools for identifying and understanding spatial patterns of crime that reveals the relationship between crime and place. Accordingly, purpose of the present research is Geographic Information System (GIS) application in geography identification of drug abuse crime in Kermanshah.

The present research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population is related to the legal boundaries of Kermanshah city in 2020. For the centers determination of drug abuse have been used methods such as standard deviation oval and mean center, Moran statistics and kernel density in GIS environment. Friedman test was used to rank the factors affecting the formation of drug abuse focus centers.

Moran's index (equal to 0.58) and Z value (71.80) indicate the clustering of all crimes within Kermanshah city. Moran index in the distribution of drug-related points, drug storage, drug transportation and storage, purchase and sale and transportation and drug storage and trafficking and purchase and sale and transportation and drug storage, respectively, equal to 0.93, 0.87, 99, . 0.0, 0.98 and 0.99. Therefore, the distribution of the points of these crimes is statistically clustered.

Variables have the greatest impact on the formation of crime hotspots in Kermanshah, respectively. These variables include unemployment, poverty, addiction, education, lack of control over parks by guards, a long distance from law enforcement and security centers, the presence of worn and disordered tissues and slums, family disputes and family breakdown, semi-finished buildings, lack of formal and informal supervision and lack of formation of neighborhood networks. suggestions such as the participation of donors and the use of people's capacities; Strengthening sectorial and extra-sectorial cooperation and central research is effective in the fight against drug abuse in Kermanshah city.

Premeditated murder is carried out in accordance with scientific and technological changes as well as lifestyle with various methods and techniques, and in the future these methods and techniques will become more complex. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the functional model of premeditated murder.

The present qualitative research is a development-applied research that was conducted by content analysis method. The participating population consisted of 32 judges, experts and scientific and executive elites in the field of murder, the number of whom was selected based on the principle of theoretical saturation and using semi-structured individual and focus group interview tools, information was obtained from them and categorized in Max Kiuda software. And were coded.

According to the objectives of the research, 73 basic themes were extracted and then themes with the same meanings were merged and 5 organizing themes including disciplinary measures, detective measures, scientific-laboratory measures, technical, intelligence-criminal measures and operational measures were identified.

Considering the increasing complexities of premeditated murder, it is necessary for the law enforcement force to improve its functional measures in the field of premeditated murder by strengthening the components and indicators identified in this study.

Cyberspace is an inherently global sphere, and this feature is the starting point for the challenge of this space with national security, which is known within a certain range. When it comes to cyber threats, there is a similarity between cyberspace and national security. On the one hand, the uncontrollable space in creating threats appears as a real threat to national security, but on the other hand. Neither the threats of this space can affect national security nor the global face of this space can be challenging to commit anti-security crimes.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature.

The findings showed that cyberspace is a young environment for creating threats against national security, but with the computerization of all things, this space can gradually increase its threats in a way that challenges national security.

The solution is based on the use of two types of security measures to control the content and exchange of information on the one hand and preventive measures and actions of cyber police on the other hand.

In order to eliminate or reduce the harms caused by addiction, the anti- narcotics police and addiction treatment centers have a serious role to play, but regardless of their important function, the prevention of addiction and its return requires recognizing the undrelying factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the social causes of returning to addiction and providing strategies to prevent it.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by random-class random sampling method among 150 people from the statistical population, including: 1-Clients, 2-helpers and advisors and 3- Clients' family members, using a researcher-made questionnaire whose its validity was confirmed by 30 experts and its reliability was determined through Cronbach's alpha. It was performed in addiction treatment centers under supervision of Andimeshk welfare office in 1398. To analyze the data using spss software, descriptive statistics and inferential tests including: single Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, X2 Cochran test and Friedman ranking were used.

The findings indicated that among the eight items of the variable social factors, the availability of drug or consumption tools in the society has most effect and the homelessness has the lowest effect on return to addiction.

The social factors affecting the return to addiction can include the components of the availability of the availability of drug or consumption tools in the society, lack of supervision or poor supervision of family, lack of support and rejection by the family or community and living in the infected environments.

Identifying illegal drug farms using ground and aerial methods is not only costly but also dangerous. The purpose of this research is to determine the appropriate method for identifying drug cultivation fields using available multi-spectral satellite images.

This research is applied with an exploratory approach. In this research, Landsat-8 satellite images were obtained and preliminary pre-processing was done. Landsat 8 medium resolution satellite images and target detection approach using matched mixed pixel adjustment filter (MTMF) algorithm have been used. From the visual interpretation of Google Earth images of 2016, the image characteristics of 30 drug cultivation fields were identified, and in the next step, the spectral characteristics of those fields during the flowering period were extracted from the image.

Out of 30 farms identified using Google Earth, 26 cases (about 87%) have been revealed. Today, satellite imaging is widely considered due to its low cost, lack of risk of life and regular and continuous time monitoring.

In addition to facilitating the process of identifying drug cultivation fields, the use of satellite images can prevent a series of additional costs.

new psychoactive substances can be divided into natural and synthetic categories based on their origin. Most NPS of natural origin have stimulant and/or hallucinogenic effects, and a few exhibit sedative properties. Little information is available regarding the identification of plant materials, as a result, most of them are not identified. The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying new plant psychoactive substances (NPS).

The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and experimental research in terms of its implementation method. In the present research, material samples were collected from areas that are prone to the growth of these types of plants and were analyzed in the period of 1395-1398 using instrumental methods such as infrared and mass spectrometry-gas chromatography.

How to prepare and adjust infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 8 plants including salvia, datura, magic mushroom, betel, peyote and St. Peter cactus, khat, lotus and kratom, which has a new psychoactive ingredient. Was obtained.

The comparison of the spectra obtained for the psychoactive substances found in salvia, datura, magic mushroom, betel, peyote cactus, khat, pitch lily and kratom plants with the standard spectra available in the international organization UNODC shows, methods of preparation of plant samples and settings A device obtained in this research can be used to identify psychoactive substances in all types of real samples containing these substances.