نشریه مطالعات کتابداری و علم اطلاعات
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 39، بهار 1401)

The process of teaching and research in universities is dynamic, complex and requires extensive change and transformation. As a result of advances in information and communication technology, the world of academia also entered the age of the information society. Its manifestation is the use of academic management information systems, test and evaluation information systems, online education systems, student information systems, faculty member information systems, etc. in universities. The main idea behind the use of all these systems is to collect relevant data, represent it and illustrate it based on the needs of different academic users. The management information system with the aim of providing the required information, helps managers in issues such as planning, control and decision making and provides the necessary support to make strategic and optimal decisions for managers of the educational system. Provides. This paper has studied interoperability factors of information system among Iranian universities. The lack of interoperability among Iranian universities has verified the importance of this article.

This paper is an exploratory qualitative study which base on its objectives classifies under applied researches. Several key factors of interoperability have been extracted precisely, and results have been analyzed by experts along using Delphi technique (Zeinali et al. 2017 & Namli et al, 2009). The population of this study has concluded all information system experts and managers at different branches of Islamic Azad University (IAU) which had qualified to interview with their corresponding experiences. The sample population has been made of both faculty members and manger level participants that participate in Delphi rounds

Increasing the volume of data has been one of the major concerns of organizations. They are trying to facilitate its by using information management mechanism. Lack of a comprehensive and systematic approach over time leads to the implementation of a variety of information systems in an organization with different data structures and programming that complicate their usage. Over the years, the issue of information systems interoperability under these conditions has been considered.Results have proven that the key factors of technical interoperability in information system of IAU are:·  Ability to interact with information systems and Data exchangeability·Link-ability to decision support system (DSS)·Standard format of saved Data· Centralized security· Centralized Data monitoring· Integrated processing and Synchronization· Easy communication with other systems·Ability to use virtually, online and distance education And so on.Similarly, this study had claimed the below listed items as the critical organizational interoperability factors of information system in Iranian university case study:Its mechanism regarding information delivery and updating ·Flexibility and ability to Change and update·  Dynamic and flexible setting·Changeable task manager· Efficiency measurement and feedback Expandable architecture Ability to develop regarding new demands·Service-oriented architectureAnd finally, the most significant semantic interoperability factors of information system in Iranian university case study had highlighted as below:·Ability to code the learning symbols and identifiers  Ability to communicating with independent clients not considering languages.  Using standard coding and identifiers·XML interpreter service· Map service· Preparing a standard format of texting between clients· Content Based Routing· Being user friendly considering user’s knowledge and vocabulary   

At the end, this paper significantly had determined that the architecture of university information system should guaranty the integration of information process while eases the flowing data between the departments or clients smoothly. In the other word, establishing an interoperable information system which covers all technical, Organizational and Semantic aspects and share demanded information with clients on time is the most crucial characteristic of modern organizations. Furthermore, lack of these aspects (technical, Organizational and Semantic) obstructs systems achieving efficiency, development and interoperability, and it may affect their decisions at current competitive market. On the other hand, improving these factors significantly simplifies the communication between clients and increases the effectiveness, efficiency, and customer satisfaction as well.

The purpose was to identify the Effective Factors on the Commercialization of Research Projects in Universities of Medical Sciences in Iran.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of the Mixed method with the exploratory design. The society in the qualitative section (17 experts with a targeted sampling and in a quantitative section, 318 people selected by random sampling from the Stratified and formula of Cochran were selected from 1851 people. A questionnaire with 5 factors (individual, environmental, context, structural and content) and 74 questions used. Face and content validity confirmed by experts and their construct validity was more than 0.5 with a factor load, and their reliability was 0.91. The data analyzed using descriptive statistics from mean and standard deviation. In the section of inferential statistics were used Kendall's tau coefficient test, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

There is a positive and significant relationship between commercialization with all five factors individual, environmental, context, structural and content. The content dimension with the factor load of 0.873 is the highest impact and the environmental dimension with 0.663 has the least. There is a strong positive and significant relationship between the dimensions with their components.

There is a positive and significant relationship between commercialization with all five factors. The results showed that content factor (factor load was 0.761), structural (0.735), underlying (0.652), individual (0.530) and environmental (0.439) have the highest significant role in commercializing of the results of scientific researches.

This study aimed to identify the attitudes of managers towards the status of Cybernetic model components in public libraries of Isfahan province.

The research is conducted by the analytical survey method. The statistical population of the study includes the officials of Isfahan public libraries who completed the questionnaire out of 176 people, 126 people. The required data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on Byrne Baum's view. This questionnaire includes 7 components of Interactions, Balance, Hierarchy, Leadership, Supervision and Control, Decision making, and Weak and Hard links. To evaluate the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire is calculated to be 0.753, which indicated that the questionnaire was reliable. Data analysis is performed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS 21 software.

The results showed that the components of the Cybernetic model in the management of Isfahan public libraries are considered. The findings also showed that the components of Control and Supervision, Interaction, Leadership, Weak and Hard links, Balance in management, Decision making, and Hierarchy are in the first to seventh ranks, respectively.

The attention of public library managers in Isfahan province to the components of the Cybernetic model indicates that managers are well aware of the functions, structure, goals, tasks, and services of their libraries. According to the research results, it might be better to provide more effective interaction between employees and manager. It is necessary to improve the organizational performance of the library by dividing tasks, rule of law, and observance of hierarchy, the level of employee satisfaction and performance, and evolve the organization step by step.

Utilizing the experience of leading countries in the field of public libraries can create beneficial developments in the field of public libraries in Iran. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of implementing European Union programs related to public libraries in Iran from the perspective of Iranian public library professionals. This research is part of the commitments related to the Jean Monnet International Joint Project conducted by Allameh Tabataba'i University. The project titled “European Union Plans and Experiences for Public Libraries: Applicability for Iran." The proposal of the project was submitted by Allameh Tabataba’i University to the European Union’s Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency in the form of a Jean Monnet Programmed grant proposal.  In September 2019 it was judged and announced as the sole grant winner from Iran. This project was the first joint project with the European Union in the Knowledge and Information Science disciplines in Iran. The topics studied in this research, which are based on the review of specialized texts that were identified and compiled, include changes in public library structure, organization, policies and management, library collections and selection of resources, as well as clientele and needs assessment and training.

In this survey study, 378 librarians in public libraries across the country were selected through stratified random sampling and were asked to respond to a researcher-designed questionnaire after confirming the content validity and reliability.  The dimensions of the questionnaire, which was identified and compiled based on a review of specialized texts, include five areas: 1. Structure, organization, policies and management, 2. Collection and selection of resources, 3. Clientel and needs assessment, 4. Services and dissemination of information, and 5. was training. First, the questionnaire was distributed among 25 librarians and professors of Knowledge and Information Science and who were familiar with the issues of public libraries in Iran and amendments were made to it.In order to identify the main factors or structures of the questionnaire, the components related to the use of EU programs were identified using exploratory factor analysis methods. The Varimax rotation method has also been used to ensure the independence of the agents. To confirm the adequacy of the sample, KMO index (Kaiser-Mir-Olkin test) and Bartlett test were used to identify the correlation between items.  In order to evaluate the fitness of the measurement model, three criteria of Cronbach's alpha coefficients, combined reliability and explained mean variance were used. In this study, the Fornell-Locker index was used to evaluate the divergent validity.

In this study, 60.7% of the respondents were women and 39.3% were men. Up to (.96 %) of the respondents had a postgraduate education and were at least 31 years old. The distribution of participants in terms of work experience was in the categories of 5-10 years and 25-16 years.  Iranian librarians believed that to a large extent it was possible to implement programs similar to those of the EU public libraries. Findings showed that the greatest possibility of implementing new programs related to services and information dissemination, and training. Multiple analysis of variance test showed that there was no significant difference in the scores of different domains according to age, sex and education.

It can be concluded that changes to such matters as public library collection and selection of resources, as well as clientele and needs assessment and training, services and dissemination of information are applicable in Iran. In this study, services and information dissemination obtained the highest average scores related to public libraries, which shows the growing importance of information and the need to save cost and time for users.

The present study aims at investigating the effect of communication and task conflict on the employees’ knowledge sharing with the mediating role of trust and psychological empowerment in the Hamadan Education Organization.

This is an applied study, and a data collection form was used to conduct a survey. The statistical population includes the authorities and employees of the Hamadan Education Organization. Since the population is infinite, 384 people were selected out of the employees, experts, and authorities of this organization by simple random sampling. The variables were measured by a standard questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling (SEM).

According to the results, task conflict can explain the variance of the employee’s communication conflicts by 64.3% and the psychological empowerment of the employees by 29.8%. Communication conflicts can explain the differences in psychological empowerment of 71.1% of employees, trust of 6.9% of employees, and knowledge sharing of 19.9% of employees. Psychological empowerment can explain 28.8% of employee trust fluctuations and 23.4% of employee knowledge sharing. The employees’ trust can explain 37.5% of the variance of the employees’ knowledge sharing in Hamadan Education Organization.

In the first hypothesis, the effect of task conflict on communication conflict was approved by 0.643. The results of the present study are consistent with the findings reported by Wei-Tsong Wang et al. (2019). In the second hypothesis, the effect of task conflict on the psychological empowerment of the employees was approved by -0.298. The standardized coefficient of correlation between these two variables is negative. So, this further strongly suggests that an increase in task conflict leads to a decrease in psychological empowerment of the employees, and vice versa. The results of this research are consistent with the findings reported by Mohammad et al. (2013). In the third hypothesis, the effect of communication conflict on the psychological empowerment of the employees was approved by 0.071. The results are consistent with the findings reported by Wei-Tsong Wang et al. (2019). So also, another hypothesis has approved the effect of communication conflict on the employees’ trust by 0.288. The results are consistent with the findings reported by Wei-Tsong Wang et al. (2019).  In the fifth hypothesis, the effect of psychological empowerment on the employees’ trust was approved by 0.069. The results are consistent with the findings reported by Alajmi (2017).  In the sixth hypothesis, the effect of psychological empowerment on the employees’ knowledge sharing in the Education Department was approved by 0.158. This finding is consistent with the results of studies performed by Helmy et al. (2019) and Ghalavandi et al. (2017).   In the seventh hypothesis, the effect of trust on employees’ knowledge sharing in the Hamadan Education Department was approved by 0.375. This finding is consistent with the results of studies performed by Hasanzadeh and Alizadeh (2017) and Ebrahimi et al. (2012). This hypothesis suggests that there is a significant positive relationship between the components of organizational trust and all the dimensions of knowledge management. Furthermore, trust components including the employees’ trust in each other, trust with the manager, and institutional trust can also play a significantly positive predictive role in explaining knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge application, and knowledge preservation. In other words, it can be concluded from this hypothesis that higher trust leads to participation in knowledge sharing and management that can eventually be effective in capability and performance. In the eighth hypothesis, the effect of communication conflict on the employees’ knowledge sharing was approved by 0.199. This finding is consistent with the results reported by Wei-Tsong Wang et al. (2019). Finally, the ninth hypothesis approved the effect of task conflict on the employees’ knowledge sharing in the Hamadan Education Department by -0.23. As the standardized coefficient of correlation between these two variables is negative, an increase in task conflict leads to a decrease in the employees’ knowledge sharing, and vice versa. Therefore, the research hypotheses show that the lower the conflict between the employees, the higher their trust in the organization will be. Thus, they will be more motivated to participate in group and systemic activities such as knowledge sharing and information exchange between different sectors. As shown in current and previous surveys, the factors mentioned can promote and improve employee performance and thus organizational performance.

The concept of “ National information policy” emerged in the early 1960s as a direct response to relevant fields to the information National Information policy is necessary for avoiding deficit/inaccurate and incoherent exploitation of the information, wasting time, failing innovation, and losing popularity and efficient exploitation of information and information technology and acquiring competitiveness advantage in the ever-changing environment. Perhaps a systematic national information policy can lead a society towards the development and advancement of information. The purpose of this study is to develop a holistic framework for national information policy that is the infrastructure for this systematic approach.

18 studies containing dimensions and components of information policy discovered in the literature. Then, using the meta-synthesis method the similarities and differences among the different perspectives are coded and categorized and a comprehensive framework is designed.

Based on the results, a national Information Policy Framework encompasses six dimensions such as human resources and skills, laws and regulations, the information society and infrastructure, broadcast and telecommunications, information markets. In the meantime, laws and regulations dimension with more components is perhaps more crucial than other dimensions.

The proposed framework provides a guideline for policymakers to move towards a comprehensive policy on the creation, dissemination, and exploitation of information and to form one of the most important infrastructures of the information society.

The present study aimed to analyze the recruitment process and employment challenges of Information Science and Knowledge Studies students in order to provide policy solutions to meet the needs of the higher education system.

This research is an applied research and its method is a qualitative method in the interviews section and descriptive-analytical in the documents and statistics section. In order to study the process of attracting students of Information Science and Knowledge Studies, statistical data of the Institute of Research and Planning of Higher Education during the years 2011-12 to 2017-18 were used. In order to collect information from the qualitative department, a purposeful semi-structured interview was conducted with 14 graduate and doctoral students in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies. Descriptive analysis method has been used to analyze the data of the statistics section and thematic analysis has been used as a research strategy to analyze the semi-structured interviews section.

The findings of the research in the statistical review section showed that the highest number of enrollees in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies in the doctoral program in the academic year 2016-2017, in the master's degree program in the academic year 2016-2017, and in the undergraduate program in 2011-2012. In terms of gender, in all the years studied, the total number of female enrollees was more than the number of male enrollees. Findings indicated that the highest number of enrollments in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies was related to the academic year 2011-2012. Then the enrollment has taken a downward trend in the academic year 2014-2015 with a slight, there has been an increase.

To address the employment challenges of graduates in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies, three steps should be considered before the student and during the student recruitment process, during the student and post-student. Before attracting and admitting students, it is necessary to pay attention to their basic practical skills and competencies and their motivation and interest in this field. During their student time, it is necessary to find employment courses for students in this field to get acquainted with various jobs related to their expertise should be held and while identifying the needs and skills required by jobs, society and industry by the university and policy-making institutions and their application in university content and topics, carding skills, communication skills, scientific research skills, knowledge and practical skills of students. This field should be strengthened in the university. Also, the titles of dissertations and doctoral dissertations in this field should be selected based on the needs assessment of the labor market and society and the demand-oriented approach.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in librarians based on the conditions of the station, heavy work and its relationship with burnout, job stress and job motivation in libraries in Kermanshah province.

The applied study method is survey-descriptive. The statistical population was 170 librarians working in public libraries of Kermanshah province, which according to the Cochran's formula, the sample size was 118 people. Data collection tools were the standard Nordic musculoskeletal disorder questionnaire, the Mazlach standard burnout standard questionnaire, the Hse standard work stress questionnaire, and the standard job motivation questionnaire. Data were obtained using Pearson correlation coefficient, logistics, Chi-square test.

The results showed that the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was in the lumbar region, back area, neck area, hip or thigh area, respectively, and the lowest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was in the knee, shoulder and wrist area. And the elbow area has been reported. Between burnout and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, back, buttocks or thighs, shoulders, elbows and wrists is significant (P <0.05). Between job stress and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, There is a significant correlation between job motivation and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (P <0.05). According to the results of Chi-square test, there is no significant statistical relationship between the sex of librarians and musculoskeletal disorders (P <0.05). There is a statistically significant relationship between the sex of librarians and musculoskeletal disorders of the lumbar and wrist areas (P <0.05). There is no significant statistical relationship between marital status, age, level of education and work experience of librarians and musculoskeletal disorders (P <0.05).

According to the results of the present study, musculoskeletal disorders have a high frequency among employees of public libraries in Kermanshah province. In this regard, ergonomic intervention programs in the workplace seem to be essential. To teach users about the ergonomic principles of working with a computer, designing a workstation and shift work can be mentioned as components of this program program program