نشریه معمار شهر
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1401)

In Iran, there are no laws for the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context, on the other hand, there is no specific program in organizations such as cultural heritage, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and other related organizations in the form of codified and organized laws, and all these organizations are subject to the laws. The Athens Charter states that these laws and regulations are international and do not pay attention to the local aspect; although the implementation of these laws in Iranian organizations has created a structural order in the construction of intermediate buildings; But it has been used for a long time without updating and paying attention to the canvas. Construction patterns in historical contexts are subject to many disagreements among theorists.

In this research, the classification of urban patterns in the architecture of historical bodies in the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context has been discussed. Also, discussion in this research, urban patterns in the construction of buildings in the historical context are divided into three pattern categories, including1."Decorative/decorative"pattern, 2.

In the following the advantages and disadvantages and opinions of other theorists have been discussed in connection with each of the implemented models and examples. It is hoped that by examining this issue, we will be able to find a specific framework for the construction of new buildings in historical contexts in different cities of Iran.

Light is the essence of reading existence and Orsi is a window facing the light. Orsi has become famous in the history of art since the Safavid era and has played a multidimensional role as one of the components of traditional Iranian arts in the architecture of buildings. But in passing from traditional architecture to modern architecture, it is on the verge of being forgotten. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the functions of the Orsi in the traditional architecture of Iran and to recognize its characteristics so that contemporary architects can make it the essence and support for the design of contemporary spaces. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the functions of Orsi in the interior architecture of the residential space and to investigate the effect of the Orsi element in the sample under study (Orsi Khaneh in Tehran). The current research is a qualitative descriptive study that in the process of advancing the research, the case study method (single sample) was used and library and field research was used in order to collect texts; So that in the first part of the research (theoretical framework of the research) from the concept to the example, and in the second part, which includes the case study, from the example to the concept. The results of the current research show that Orsis have six functions in traditional houses (health improvement, thermal comfort, decoration, increasing privacy, enhancing flexibility and providing light and view). In a case example, modern Orsis have been used for the design of interior spaces and facade design, and the Orsi windows have answered all six functions.

Artificial intelligence is an evolving technology that has drawn great economic and social benefits for the future. This technology has the capacity to create a revolution in the way we live, work, learn, discover and interact. But its use in architecture has received less attention. The aim of this research is to identify the characteristics of the belonging architectural space by examining the theoretical foundations of environmental psychology, and then by examining a case study, the effect of the use of artificial intelligence in the creation of the belonging architectural space is examined from a formal aspect. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and of a qualitative type, which was done by studying library sources and then analyzing the data in a logical way. The research tool in this research is the Midjourney artificial intelligence, which has been introduced for some time in the field of creating artistic images from input words and has been the focus of various artists and architects. Finally, we can conclude that it is true that we are dealing with conceptual designs that will not become reality in the near future, but they can have a positive impact on the creativity of architects and create a future that most people cannot imagine today. The use of these images in creating belonging spaces is only one example of the use of artificial intelligence in the architectural design process and can be an inspiration for architectural researchers in various fields

The energy crisis and the necessity of managing its consumption has turned the revision of the ways of shaping the structure of the space and the body of today's buildings into the main principle of architectural planning. Historical baths, public benefit buildings and worthy of attention with high spatial and geometric diversity, are a set of the most obvious practical optimization solutions in Iranian architecture, which contain extractable and valuable lessons from the configuration, hierarchy and control of spatial communication in relation to energy. Therefore, this research aims to solve the problem of matching the performance of the thermal system and the spatial physical structure of the historical baths of Iran and explores the relationships between the spaces as well as the geometric and spatial measures for thermal and functional isolation. The main question of the research is that what are the differences in the physical proportions and spatial structure of historical baths in the cold and dry climates of Qazvin and the temperate and humid climates of Gilan in terms of adaptation to the thermal system? The research method is descriptive, analytical and logical reasoning. The method of data collection is library and field, and the data analysis tool is the specialized software of space syntax. The samples include 8 baths in the two climatic regions of Qazvin and Gilan with different physical dimensions and patterns despite the geographical proximity of the two mentioned regions. The results of the research determine the differences and similarities regarding the area ratio of Garmkhane to Sarbineh, the entrance structure, the communication nodes and the degree of connectivity, integration and spatial depth of the samples in relation to energy conservation and management of the thermal system. Also, the results show that the difference in the physical spatial structure of Gilan baths is more obvious and in general, the reduction of the effect of climatic force has led to an increase in the diversity of the spatial structure in this group. While the similarity of the physical structure of Qazvin baths is due to the necessity of adapting to the thermal system and responding to more difficult climatic conditions.

The construction of religious buildings such as Hosseiniyehs was very prosperous during the Qajar period in the Shiye city of Kashan, which stood out and represented the religious culture of the people of this region. Considering the disorder and cultural discontinuity that can be seen in the architecture of Kashan city, the need for culture-building is felt in connection with the use of past patterns. According to the religious and cultural background of Kashan, the most obvious and lasting of these models is the architectural model of the Qajar period Hosseiniyehs, which are considered to be the hallmark of Kashan city. Therefore, the main goals that are followed in the research are the design of a cultural and educational space to spend leisure time and pay attention to the social and cultural development of the region, as well as culture and promotion of the native culture of Kashan region, inspiration from Islamic religious values and the presentation of a lasting work, preserving the identity and historical social values in accordance with the context and creating a responsive space. In this regard, it has been tried to design the cultural center and its spaces with a qualitative method based on the characteristics of the Hosseinieh architectural model. Therefore, spaces were created that, while having an independent personality and appropriate to their function, are connected with other spaces and have the ability to respond to the diverse needs of the audience by creating sociable and inviting spaces while defining the territory and maintaining to have security and finally to provide an integrated collection to increase social interactions and cultural exchanges along with educational programs and most importantly familiarity with the native culture of the region which was the main goal of the collection design; Therefore, the attention and emphasis of the plan is on the application of identity and cultural-religious concepts of the region, which is manifested in the form and spaces of the cultural center.

Architects, interior architects, and interior designers have all considered how the poetic of space affects the human senses when creating a building's interior architecture. Lack of appropriate daytime lighting, color, and most crucially, unprincipled design, have all been linked to depression and a lack of a sense of freshness in humans. As a result, these factors have had a significant impact on human perception and behavior. In terms of research methodology, the current study was descriptive-analytical. The method of library research and written documents have been employed in the process of data collection by reviewing the current book. The purpose of the review of the book "Design Based on Human Perception and Behavior" is to understand the human being in various interactions and direct the goals of the design process in resolving the analyzed issues. After making an effort to fully comprehend the design process of the architectural environment, interior architecture, and its impact on the human spirit, the present work is divided into four chapters: the first chapter, "What is Interior Design?"; the second, "Perception"; the third, "Human Behavior," and the fourth, "Interior Design Guide."

The importance of quality of life studies in social policies and its role is an effective tool for urban management and planning. This research aims to evaluate the quality of life to achieve the principles of social sustainability design of residential complexes. The present research is quantitative in terms of approach.The research method is quantitative and case sample method. A questionnaire was used to collect information. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaires was 0.843 statistical population of the present study is the residents of the Ghadir Arak residential complex. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula of 280 people. The data were analyzed using Spss software and Kolmogorov Smirnov parametric statistical tests, Pearson correlation about the measurement and evaluation of the quality of life indicators. The findings of the present research indicate that the quality of life in residential complexes is directly related to the participation of residents in socio-cultural contexts, a sense of belonging to mental dimensions, and physical and environmental contexts to objective dimensions. Therefore, the quality of life in the mental, social and cultural dimensions and sense of belonging is higher than in the objective, physical, and environmental dimensions. Components such as socio-cultural, physical, environmental, and sense of belonging are reliable tools for measuring the quality of life. According to the lifestyle of citizens, they can be used to achieve the principles of social sustainability design in residential complexes such as the Ghadir Arak Complex.