مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال بیست و دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 168، فروردین 1402)

Increasingly, cyberbullying has become a common phenomenon eroding the social media environment. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the structural relationship pattern of cyber aggression based on self-control with the mediation of mobile phone addiction in adolescents.

In this descriptive study, the statistical population included male students of the second-level secondary school of Ardabil city in the academic year of 2022. From this population, a sample of 190 people was selected by available sampling method and answered the questionnaires of self-control, cyber aggression, and mobile phone addiction. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

The results showed that self-control with a coefficient value of -0.15 has a significant direct effect on cyber aggression, and self-control with a coefficient value of -0.25 has a significant indirect effect on cyber aggression with the mediation of mobile phone addiction.

In general, according to the results of the current research, it is recommended to hold educational workshops to teach cyber ethics awareness, along with self-control training and managing the correct use of mobile phones.

Children with down syndrome show the weakness of balance and postural control. The Purpose of this study was the investigation the effects of eight weeks Cawthorne Cooksey training on static and dynamic balance in children with Down syndrome.

In this quasi-experimental study, the statistical sample consisted of 30 boys with Down syndrome, ages 8 to 10 years and an Intelligence quotient between 50 to 70 from Shahryar city in 2021, who selected based on convenience sampling method and then divided into two similar groups of 15 people in experimental and control group. For measuring static balance, the Sharpand Romberg test was used and for measuring dynamic balance, the Berg balance test was used. The Cawthorne Cooksey exercise implemented in experimental group, for 8 weeks (3 sessions of 45 minutes per week). The control group did not receive any intervention. Static and Dynamic Balance was assessed before and after the training program and compared between groups. To analyze data, independent t test and multivariate analysis of covariance were used.

The results of this study showed the eight weeks of Cawthorne Cooksey training had significant effects on improvement of the static Balance (on foam and firm surface) and dynamic balance in children with Down syndrome (P<0.05). The effect size value for static balance on soft and firm surface was 0.81 and 0.52 and for dynamic balance was 0.55 (P=0.001).

The results of our study showed the improvement of static and dynamic balance after 8 week Cawthorne Cooksey training. Therefore, the Cawthorne Cooksey training is suggested as an effective exercise to improve the static and dynamic balance and postural stability in children with Down syndrome

Divorce is considered as one of the factors of family collapse, and compatibility after that is important for couples. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of structural relationships of women's reconciliation after the event of divorce based on mindfulness and self-compassion with the mediating role of distress tolerance.

The research method was descriptive and structural equations modeling type. The statistical population of the research included all the divorced women of Sanandaj City in 2020-2021, who had been divorced for at least 3 months and at most 36 months. Out of which, 222 were selected through convenience sampling. The instruments used in the research included Rees et al.’s Self-Compassion, Bauer et al.’s Mindfulness, Simmons and Gaher’s Emotional Distress Tolerance, and Fisher’s Agreeableness Scales. Data were analyzed using structural equations modeling.

The results indicated the fit of the general research model to the experimental data. The findings showed that mindfulness, self-compassion, and distress tolerance can directly predict women’s adjustment after the divorce event (p<0.05). Also, the indirect effect of mindfulness (p=0.011) and self-compassion (p<0.010) with the mediation of distress tolerance on women’s reconciliation after divorce was significant.

Based on the findings of the research, it can be said that mindfulness, self-compassion, and tolerance of distress play a key role in predicting the adjustment of women after the divorce event, and it seems necessary for counseling and psychotherapy centers to pay more attention to these variables in predicting the adjustment of women after the divorce event.

Cancers are the second cause of death among children. In this study, the clinical manifestations of leukemia and lymphoma in children under 15 years old, referring to Besat Hospital in Hamadan from 2010 to 2020, were investigated.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted retrospectively on 203 patients with leukemia and 77 patients with lymphoma aged less than 15 years. Required data including age, gender, place of residence, initial clinical symptoms and manifestations, first laboratory findings, and type of leukemia and lymphoma were extracted from the patients’ records. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square test.

Leukemia and lymphoma showed more frequency in boys. The most frequent manifestation of the disease in leukemia was fever or weakness in 13 people (39.9%), and the symptom of the disease was pallor in 77 people (37.9%). There was a significant difference between the two types of leukemia in terms of average age (p=0.005), bleeding (p=0.011), and lymphadenopathy (p=0.038). The frequency of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was 38 (49.4%) and 39 (50.6%), respectively. Cervical lymphadenopathy was the most common type of lymphadenopathy in patients (56 cases, 72.7%). Lymph node pain and edema were the most common symptoms (57 people, 74%). There was a significant relationship between mediastinal lymphadenopathy and the type of lymphoma (p=0.018), so that mediastinal lymphadenopathy was more frequent in Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Fever is the most common clinical manifestation and pallor is the most common initial clinical symptom of leukemia, and in children with lymphoma, lymph node pain is the most important clinical manifestation.

Sprain is one of the most common sports injuries of the ankle. The aim of this research was to compare the effect of 8 weeks of training in water and dry environment on pain and range of motion of athletes with acute ankle sprain.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study, in which 30 soccer players with acute ankle sprain were selected as subjects and then randomly divided in two groups, water and land training groups. They were compared before and after 8 weeks of training intervention. To measure pain, the VAS (Visual Analog Scale) was used, and the range of motion of the ankle was measured using a universal goniometer in four directions. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measure ANOVA. 

Both protocols reduced the pain in the injured players' ankles (p<0.001). The results showed that the interaction between group and time was significant, and in the water group, pain reduction was greater (p<0.001). The ankle range of motion significantly increased in both groups (p<0.001). The improvement rate of pain variable in the water exercise group (62%) was higher than the dry group (50%).

Considering the effect of water and land exercises and the significance of time and group interaction, it is recommended to use water exercise or a combination of water and land exercise to rehabilitate acute ankle sprains.

Suicide, with the concept of ending human life, is considered one of the highest causes of death in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of the suicide rate with the indices of homicide, peace, life expectancy, human development, and gender inequality. It also compared these indices in 2016 and 2019 in different countries of the world.

In this ecological study, the information of the study variables was extracted from reports and reliable websites for 144 countries of the world. The correlation between study variables was checked using Spearman test. Then, linear regression was used to check the relationship of each index with the suicide rate. Also, the mean and median of the variables in 2016 and 2019 were compared using paired t-test and Wilcoxon test.

In the studied countries, the average suicide rate in 2019 (7.15) decreased compared to 2016 (7.25) per 100,000 people. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a direct relationship between suicide and gender inequality (r=0.406; p<0.001). Also, there was an inverse correlation between suicide rate and homicide index (r=-0.260; p<0.05) and peace (r=-0.371; p<0.001) in this study. The results of the regression analysis showed that the independent variables of gender inequality, suicide, peace, and life expectancy can probably predict changes in the suicide index in the studied countries.

Based on the results of the present study, suicide is related to indicators of gender inequality, homicide, peace, and life expectancy. It seems that the reduction of social inequalities can lead to suicide prevention in the world.

Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental risks to human health. Ambient air pollution caused 4.2 million premature deaths worldwide in 2019. Particulate Matters are one of the most dangerous organic pollutants that are associated with heart and lung diseases, asthma attacks, reduced lung function, stroke, respiratory symptoms, and adverse birth outcomes. Considering the importance of air pollution and its effects on health, this article examines the statistics of deaths caused by air pollution in the world and Iran and deals with the new air quality guidelines of the World Health Organization and the strategies to achieve the level of the guidelines.