مجله آموزش پرستاری
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 58، خرداد و تیر 1402)

In the past years, the evaluation of educational program in nursing education has been considered. A variety of evaluation models have been developed in the history of nursing education. Knowing the dimensions of these models guarantees their rational use.

In this review study, the narrative of scientific databases, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and scholar Google search engine from 1960-2022 was investigated by combining the keywords Curriculum evaluation, Educational evaluation, Evaluation models, nursing.

Out of 186 articles related to the purpose, 34 articles were included in the study. During the review, four models: Tyler’s objective model, Stake’s responsive model, Scriven’s goal free model and Stufflebeam’s CIPP model, have been widely used in educational evaluation.

Evaluation models have their strengths and weaknesses. Nursing educators must be flexible. In implementing the model, consider your needs and assessment experiences. By matching the model with the nursing education program, choose the appropriate model.

During the covid-19 epidemic, the use of online electronic education in Islamic Azad University centers grew especially. The use of this educational system among the students of these centers was considered new and associated with educational consequences. Therefore, on this basis, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between self-efficacy with self-regulated learning in virtual education of students during the epidemic of Covid-19.

This study was conducted with a descriptive correlational method. The statistical population was all the nursing and midwifery students of the nursing and midwifery faculties of the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran province, in the number of 1248 people, of which 297 people were selected by stratified random sampling according to the Karajesi and Morgan table (midwifery = 125 people and nursing = 172 people). The research tools are Pinterich and Diegrot's (1990) self-regulation learning strategies questionnaires with 47 items and Scherer's (1982) general self-efficacy questionnaires with 17 items. In order to analyze the data, descriptive tests such as mean, standard deviation and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. All statistical topics were analyzed using SPSS version 23 statistical software and significance level (p<0.05).

Resuls: 

The results showed that between self-efficacy and its dimensions (effort, perseverance, and initiative) with self-regulation learning (p<0.001) and its dimensions (internal goal orientation (p<0.001), task value (There is a significant positive (direct) relationship between critical thinking (p<0.001) and critical thinking (p<0.001) in online courses.

In general, it can be concluded that with the increase in self-efficacy, the level of self-regulated learning in nursing and midwifery students increases. Therefore, one effective way to increase students' self-regulated learning in online courses is to pay attention and focus on their self-efficacy.

Educational programs are a potential way to improve nurses' knowledge about pain and provide a suitable opportunity to deal with negative attitudes and beliefs. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of education on the level of knowledge and attitude of nursing students in the management of children's pain. 

In this quasi-experimental study, a pre-test-post-test design was used. Census sampling design used and statistical sample includes 55 third-year undergraduate students (Islamic Azad University and School of Nursing affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences) of Mahabad city in 2021-2022. Knowledge and attitude towards children's pain were evaluated by PPKAQ questionnaire in two stages before and after training. The educational intervention was presented using a modified lecture and demonstration method. The face and content validity and reliability of the tool was evaluated by test-retest method (r=0.821). Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistical (t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient) methods through SPSS software version 26 at a significance level of 0.05. 

The results of this study show that the level of knowledge and attitude of nursing students increased significantly (P<0.01) after training. The average total scores obtained by nursing students increased from 34.22±11.02 in the pre-test to 56.73±6.07 in the post-test. There is a positive and significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (P<0.001, r=0.632). 

In this study, providing education was effective in improving the knowledge and attitude of nursing students towards children's pain management. It seems necessary to pay more attention to the issue of children's pain management in nursing courses and to hold training courses and continue these trainings until reaching an appropriate and acceptable level of knowledge and attitude.

Reducing financial costs is one of the benefits that are considered important from the perspective of both patients and organizations. The purpose of this short review study is to investigate the financial and economic benefits of nurse prescribing for patients, nurses, and the health care delivery system in general.

The current study is an integrated review research in five stages of text search, text selection, data evaluation, data extraction, and data classification. Articles were searched in PubMed, Cochrane library, and Science Direct databases with the keywords Prescription, and Nurse without considering the time limit. Finally, 7 articles were included in the study.

There are many reasons for giving nurses the opportunity to write prescriptions, but the main reason is to reduce the costs of the health system. improving teamwork , reducing physicians " fatigue, improving the quality of delivery services, reducing hospital errors, the correct choice of treatment by patients, increasing access to the health care team and health insurance that is caused by the assignment of prescriptions to nurses, leads to a reduction in medical costs and reduction of health problems in health system. 

The review of studies showed that prescribing by nurses improves the teamwork of nurses, reduces the prescription of expensive drugs, advises patients to choose the right drug and use them correctly, and reduces the workload of doctors, which can lead to reduce the financial burden in the health system.

The mission of comparative study is to find out the differences and similarities of various educational systems and to identify the reasons for the success and failure of the systems and to use resulting experiences in the advancement and development of the educational system. Nursing education has a special place in the education of higher medical sciences and rapid expansion in recent decades. This study aimed to compare the educational program of the medical surgical nursing master's degree in Iran and Mahatma Gandhi University in India.

This descriptive-comparative study was carried out in 2022 using the four-step Bereday’s method (description, interpretation, juxtaposition and comparison). In this study, the Master of Science educational programs in medical surgical nursing available on the website of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Iran and the faculty of nursing in Mahatma Gandhi University, India were compared.

The findings showed that in Iran's educational program, attention to moral, human dignity, legal, Islamic and religious aspects is much more prominent. In the Mahatma Gandhi University, having work experience is a condition for admission to this field, and there is also a clear difference between the total practical and clinical hours (except for the thesis) between these two educational programs, which is much more in Mahatma Gandhi's educational program.

The findings of this study can help planners to improve the quality level of this nursing’s field, considering the importance and scope of this nursing trend. It seems necessary for the educational planners to pay more attention to the practical and clinical aspects of the master's degree program in medical surgical nursing in Iran, so that improve one of the basic defects of this field, which is the gap between theory and practice.

Clinical education is one of the most important educational topics in the fields of medical sciences, especially nursing, midwifery and surgical technology, which is effective in both students' clinical performance and their future careers. Due to the importance of the quality of clinical education in this study. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the quality of clinical education and related factors from the perspective of students of the School of Nursing and Midwifery of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 250 students of the School of Nursing and Midwifery of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2019 and 2020 by census method. In order to collect information from the demographic questionnaire and the questionnaire to assess the factors affecting the quality of clinical education, it was taken from the study of Ghorbanian and colleagues. After completing the sampling, the data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 software and descriptive and inferential statistics .

Based on the results of the analysis, 158 (63.2%) participants were female. Most of the students were 135 (54%) nursing students and most of them were in the 6th semester (22.8%). From the students' point of view, the educational goals and program with an average and standard deviation of 22.74 ± 3.12 were among the educational strengths. In the field of dealing with students, the mean and standard deviation was 7.544 ± 1.541. Based on the results of the analysis, there was no relationship between age,gender and place of residence the areas under evaluation (p> 0.05), but there was a relationship between students' with the areas of objectives and curriculum, student treatment, learning environment, monitoring and evaluation, and self-efficacy.

The quality of clinical education from the perspective of students in all fields of nursing and midwifery of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences is acceptable. However, in order to improve the weak points in order to improve the quality of clinical education, attention should be paid to the demographic characteristics of students as well as the different aspects of the quality of clinical education.

 Safe medication and prevention of medication errors are important tasks of the nursing profession; it seems that one of the causes of medication errors by nurses is incorrect habitual practices and actions without reflection.  The aim of the study was to Investigate the effect of reflection by nurses on their medication errors in Shahid Motahari Hospital in Jahrom.

This study was a quasi-experimental before and after single-group study, which was conducted on 30 nurses working in Motahhari Hospital in 2021 who were enrolled in the study by the census. The reflection training was conducted in three sessions in a presentation using the Gibbs cycle; In addition, nurses were trained for one month on the reflection process by using scientific and scenarios related to medication errors on WhatsApp. The 20-item medication error questionnaire with a specificity of 0.91 and reliability of r = 0.86 was completed by nurses before and 3 months after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test using SPSS20 software.

The results of the Wilcoxon test showed that the mean of total medication errors of nurses before the intervention was (22.20±26.44) and three months after the intervention was (12.57±17.33), and statistically, there was a significant decrease in the average medication errors of nurses (P = 0.001).

Performing reflection by nurses reduced their medication errors. Therefore, it is suggested to use this learning method in order to guide nurses to use critical and reflective thinking in playing a critical role in drug therapy in order to prevent medication errors and maintain patient safety.

The study of covid-19 vaccines and its psychological effects, including acceptance or doubt about these effects, is a complex phenomenon that requires further study. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of trust and collective responsibility in the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and willingness to get the covid-19 vaccine in students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

The present study was a correlational descriptive study, and its statistical society consisted of all students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 1401-1402. The number of sample members in this research was considered to be 300 people who were selected by cluster random sampling method. To collect the data, the scale of the COVID-19 Conspiracy Beliefs, the scale of COVID-19 Vaccination Intention, and the scale of trust and Collective responsibility were used. Data were analyzed using path analysis and SPSS-22 and Lisrel 8.8. A significance level of 0.05 was considered.

The age range of the subjects was between 18 and 30 years, with an average age of 21.75 and a standard deviation of age of 1.93. The findings of the research showed that the highest correlation between willingness to get vaccinated and collective responsibility (p<0.01 and r=0.67) and the lowest correlation between trust and risk rejection (p<0.01 and r=-0.16) was observed. In addition, the indirect effect of risk acceptance (β = -0.02) and risk rejection (β = -0.04) on the willingness to get vaccinated and through trust and the indirect effect of risk acceptance (β = -0.04) and risk rejection (β = -0.16) on willingness to get vaccinated through responsibility was negative and significant.

Considering the mediating role of trust and responsibility in the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and the desire to get the Covid-19 vaccine, it seems necessary to consider the role of these constructs when counseling, treating, and educating medical science students.

The six thinking hats technique is one of the problem-solving methods that can be used to identify problems, and solutions, and discover ideas that are being ignored by a group. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the problem-solving method with the technique of six thinking hats on the creativity and caring behavior of nurses working in the emergency department of Baqiyatallah Al-Azam Aliabad Katoul Hospital in 2019.

This quasi-experimental study with a one-group pre-test-post-test design was performed on 40 nurses of the emergency department of Baqiyatallah Hospital in Aliabad Katoul by census method. Then, the studied nurses received training in creativity and caring behavior with the method of six thinking hats in 2 sessions of 8 hours in 4 groups of 10 people for two consecutive days. Data were collected using questionnaires of demographic characteristics, Torrance creativity, and caring behavior and entered in SPS20 software, then it was analyzed with paired t-tests, multivariate covariance analysis, and Pearson correlation at a significance level of p<0.05.

The mean and standard deviation of creativity before the intervention was 127.91 ± 6.61 and after the intervention was 144.37 ± 16.12 and the mean and standard deviation of caring behavior before the intervention was 160.17 ± 9.53 and after the intervention was177.28 ± 20.30, which had a statistically significant difference (p <0.001). Also, according to the significance level of less than 5% of Pearson's correlation test, it can be said that there was a significant correlation between creativity and  the caring behavior of nurses (r = 0.799, p <0.001).

Using the six thinking hats method had an effect on the creativity and caring behavior of nurses. Putting the training of problem-solving methods in patient care intervention programs and teaching nurses can increase the creative skills of nurses and their performance level.

Breast cancer is one of the common diseases in women that threatens their physical and mental health. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program on psychological well-being, health anxiety, and body image in women with mastectomy breast cancer.

The present study is quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up group design. The statistical population of this research included all women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy surgery and were referred to Namazi and Amir Shiraz hospitals in 2021. A total of 30 women with breast cancer were selected in a purposeful way and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Data collection was done using the demographic form and psychological well-being questionnaire, health anxiety inventory, and body image concern inventory. After the pre-test, the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of a 90-minute stress reduction program based on mindfulness. The instruments were completed by the experimental and control groups in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Data analysis was done in SPSS software version 24 with a significance level (p<0.05).

The average scores of psychological well-being, health anxiety, and body image before training in the experimental and control groups were 29.67±4.98 and 29.47±6.62, 56.73±5.41 and 56.33±5.73, 57.67±4.73 and 57.40±3.96 respectively. There was a significant difference between the mindfulness experiment group and the control group after training (p<0.001). The largest effect size was related to body image (0.69), health anxiety (0.61), and psychological well-being (0.58).

The stress reduction program based on mindfulness led to increases in psychological well-being, a decrease in health anxiety, and concern about body image. Therefore suggested that this program be used for the rehabilitation of women with breast cancer who have undergone mastectomy surgery.

Medical personnel are faced with many problems, including professional commitment, personal safety, and other psychological disorders that complicate their working conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to predict career adaptability and career plateauing based on subjective unemployment and psychological capital in health personnel. 

This study is a correlational and applied study. The statistical population included all hospitals in Tehran several hospitals were selected based on available sampling method and after coordination with hospitals, research questionnaires were distributed among health personnel and data were analyzed at descriptive and inferential levels by SPSS 26 using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression.

Findings showed that psychological capital has a significant and negative relationship with plateauing (r = -0.38) and a significant and positive relationship with career adaptability (r = 0.65) and subjective underemployment has a significant and positive relationship with plateauing (r = 0.53) and a significant and negative relationship with career adaptability (r = -0.17) at an error level of p<0.05. Moreover, findings showed that psychological capital and subjective underemployment can predict career adaptability and career plateauing.

the results of this study showed that psychological capital and subjective underemployment are factors that can predict career plateauing (AR2 = 0.44) and career adaptability (AR2 = 0.42); therefore, it is required to pay attention to these variables in human resources management of hospitals.

The psychological health of teachers has an effect on their performance and the mental health of students, so it is necessary to apply appropriate psychological training to teachers. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of teaching positivity skills on the quality of life and psychological development of primary school teachers in Chabahar city.

The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, and post-test design, in which elementary school teachers of Chabahar city were studied in 2019. The number 40 male and female teachers were selected randomly in the group using the available sampling method experimental and control groups were assigned (20 teachers in each group). The experimental group received positivity skills training in February 2019 during 8 sessions of 90 minutes following the health protocol. To collect data, Walton's quality of life questionnaires and Hejbarian et al.'s psychological flourishing scale were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and using multivariate analysis of covariance test at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The pre-test average of quality of life and psychological flourishing variables before the intervention in the experimental group was 102.20 and 37.50 respectively, which changed to 118.75 and 51.60 after the intervention. Also, the findings showed a significant difference in the variables of quality of life and psychological flourishing of teachers in the pre-test and post-test in the experimental group (P<0.001). In other words, 41% of the differences in the post-test scores of the quality of life and 51% of the differences in the post-test scores of teachers' psychological flourishing were related to the effect of positive education.

The results of this research showed that holding training courses on positive thinking skills in the form of a written and regular program during the training courses while serving the teachers should be considered by the experts and planners of the education system.