مجله طب نظامی
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 120، خرداد و تیر 1402)

Bioterrorist incidents and the epidemic of emerging and re-emerging diseases highlight the necessity of preparation for countries more than ever. Due to the biological threats nature, managers and employees of healthcare centers are the first people to face the consequences of a biological attack. Therefore, the healthcare system must make the necessary preparations to deal with biological threats. One way to prepare is to do various exercises in this field. The aim of the current study was to identify dimensions and components of hospital exercises to Preparedness for biological incidents and threats.

Data were collected through library and internet searches in electronic sources including Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, GoogleScholar and SID using the keywords of research, preparedness against incidents and biological threats, and hospital exercises program between 2000 and 2022. Collected data were analyzed by MAXQDA v18 software.

The findings of the study consist of 9 dimensions: 1) Leadership, command, and coordination, 2) Communication, information management, and information, 3) Planning and formulation of protocols, 4) Development of scenarios, training, and types of exercises, 5) Overcapacity and resource management, 6) Exercise organization and human capital, 7) Exercise implementation and response operations, 8) Safety and security, 9) Retrieval, evaluation, and lessons learned, and 31 components as well.

According to the results obtained in this study, hospitals must implement each of the 9 dimensions and 31 sub-components carefully and in detail for the correct implementation of the biological practice.

Aedes mosquitoes are very important due to the transmission of dangerous arboviral diseases. Dengue Fever, Yellow fever, Chikungunya, and Zika are some of these diseases, which have become a global public health concern in recent years. Vector control is a key strategy against these diseases, and numerous research is conducted on the vectors of these diseases, which require the rearing of the vector in controlled laboratory conditions. Temperature, humidity, and light are considered the most important factors in insect rearing. These factors are adjusted in the insectary based on the selected species. Insectary, the insect reproduction laboratory, is a sensitive place, and significant attention must be paid to its cleanliness of it. Moreover, the probability of insects escaping from the colony should be reduced to zero. The life cycle of Aedes mosquitoes includes four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Knowing the biology and behavior of mosquitoes in each stage helps us in the rearing process. The mosquitoes of the genus Aedes are different from the other genera, in terms of egg-laying and blood-feeding patterns, resulting in a more complicated rearing process of this genus. The present study investigates the design of the insectary and the rearing process of Aedes mosquitoes, including egg hatching, larval rearing, pupa sorting and rearing, adult rearing, egg collection, and egg storage.

 Awareness of the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic status of military personnel can be effective in designing preventive programs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the ergonomic status and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders of the administrative staff of a military center in Tehran province.

 One hundred administrative staff with more than 8 years of experience were purposefully selected and available. The Nordic questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in different body organs and the QEC questionnaire was used to assess the ergonomic status in 40 workrooms. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests and SPSS software version 19 were used for data analysis at a significance level of 0.05.

 The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was in the neck (57%), knees (56%), and wrist (52%), respectively, and there was a significant relationship between the three variables of age, work experience, and weight with musculoskeletal disorders (P<0.0001) was observed. Also, the majority of employees (44%) are at the level of ergonomic risk 4 (very high) with a QEC score of more than 70%, and the majority of employees with symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders, at least in one of the nine areas of the body (91%) ergonomic risk 4 (very high) have been on duty.

 The administrative staff of military centers are working in inappropriate conditions and with a high risk of ergonomic level. Considering that the three variables of age, work experience, and weight play an important role in the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in administrative workers, screening programs and prescribing corrective exercise and exercise therapy should be done seriously and promptly.

This study aimed to investigate the performance of visual search and attention functions of aeronauts based on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).

This study was a non-randomized, semi-experimental, with a single-blind crossover design. The statistical population of the study was military aviators of a training center in Tehran in 2022. Twelve aeronauts (mean age 37.53±4.82) were selected by purposive sampling method and were examined in three rounds under extracranial electrical stimulation with an interval of two days for each stimulation. measurement tools included continuous performance tests and Concentration Attention Test.

The results of testing the hypotheses using analysis of covariance showed that direct electrical stimulation of the brain has a significant effect on reducing the visual search response time and increasing the correct visual search response (P≤0.5). Also, direct electrical stimulation of the brain had a significant effect on reducing the response time of tinnitus and the correct response of tinnitus by aerobic trainers. Also, the study of the difference in stimulation position showed that Anodal stimulation is more effective than other stimulation positions (P≤0.05).

It seems that transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain can be used to maintain concentration and manage the attention of the aeronaut (that is, they have awareness and control at any moment and their attention is best directed to the signals related to the goal).

Physical and mental disorders are abundantly observed in veterans and disabled people, and in addition to causing concern, they have very adverse effects on various aspects of their lives. Considering that physical and mental health can play an important role in the general health of veterans and disabled people, it is vital to address these aspects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to predict social trust, self-control, and self-efficacy based on the level of physical activity in veterans and disabled people.

The method of the study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was composed of veterans and disabled people of Yazd province. One hundred and nine people (62 veterans and 47 disabled) were selected as a statistical sample using the convenient method. Sharkey's physical activity (1997), Tanji's self-control (2004), Safarinia and Sharif's social trust (2009), and Sherer et al.'s self-efficacy (1982) scales were used to examine the research variables. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between variables and simple linear regression to predict variables.

The findings showed that physical activity level scores can significantly predict self-control (r=0.39) and social trust (r=0.31) variables in veterans and disabled people (P<0.01). However, due to the low correlation with the self-efficacy variable (r=0.14), the level of physical activity does not have the ability to predict this variable (P=0.19) significantly.

According to the results, it is suggested that appropriate planning should be considered for the participation of veterans and disabled people in regular physical activities to increase self-control and social trust and consequently increase life quality.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the prevalent cause of mortality, morbidity. We need to do more research on the animal model to study this injury in detail. So, this study aimed to create a moderate TBI model with a pendulum in male rats.

In this study, 14 male Wistar rats weighing 230±10 grams were prepared and kept in the laboratory environment for one week to adapt to the laboratory conditions. Grouping was done randomly in two groups the control and the trauma group. To create TBI, a pendulum with a weight of 10 kg and a length of 40 cm was made with steel profiles of 2 cm. The force on the skull caused a moderate brain injury. Then, the mice were tested by examining their behavior (Morris blue puzzle test) and using a microCT-Scan.

In the study of the images obtained from the CT scan by comparing the two groups, moderate subdural brain damage was confirmed in the trauma group (P<0.001). The first week was for training and learning the mice in the environment of this experiment. The learning process was carried out during the first week when the duration of finding the glass platform of each mouse was recorded on different days. Further investigation of the behavior of rats in the trauma group showed that the average duration of finding the platform increased compared to the control group (P<0.001).

The device designed in this study could create a rat brain trauma model, so it is hoped that this device can be used in other studies.

Despite the essential need for T cells to eradicate infection, the protective role of the humoral response is also evident in the defense response. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunogenic and immunogenic role of rTF/Bp26/Omp31 recombinant chimeric protein in BALB/c mice as a new vaccine candidate.

In this experimental study, in order to evaluate the immunogenicity of the designed recombinant protein, clone, and gene expression were performed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The protein extracted from the culture of the mentioned cells was purified by Ni-NTA column. Nisome nanocarriers were made using Tovin and Span surfactants, cholesterol, and chloroform through standard methods, and then mixed with the purified protein and prepared for injection into BALB/c laboratory mice.

The evaluation of the immune response indicated the production of antibodies against niosomes containing the recombinant protein, and the amount of antibody production was also different in different injection methods. The statistical data analysis showed the appropriate response of the immune system of laboratory mice.

The results of the study indicate the better efficacy of the nanoniosomes form in the design of the Brucella vaccine and its immune function, and this immunogen structure can be suitable for the design of a vaccine against brucellosis.

 Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (R. mucilaginosa) has emerged as a potential pathogen in immunosuppressed hosts. This fungal agent rarely causes onychomycosis in immunocompetent hosts. In this study, onychomycosis caused by this strain on different fingernails and toenails in an Immunocompetent young adult is reported.

Case Report: 

The patient was an 18-year-old woman with clinical symptoms of powdery, hyperkeratosis brief around erythema in the distal part of a toenail and deformity with a groove on surface of a fingernail who was referred to the Medical Mycology Laboratory of Hazrat Ghaem therapeutic center. After diagnostic procedures, he was treated with oral itraconazole 200 mg/day for 2 months along with topical clotrimazole and sulfacetamide ointment and was cured. The nails responded satisfactorily to the treatment. After two months of stopping the drug, the absence of fungus elements in the clinical samples was confirmed. Diagnosis and identification of the fungus was confirmed by morphological characteristics, culture, and DNA molecular method, and R. mucilaginosa was reported as the etiological agent of onychomycosis. Antifungal drug susceptibility was determined in laboratory using the disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines.

 The isolated species was reported as an unusual species of onychomycosis, which needs to be considered by mycology laboratory and clinical specialists for its sensitivity to ketoconazole, itraconazole, and econazole and its resistance to amphotericin B and nystatin.