فصلنامه بیهوشی و درد
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (بهار 1402)

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance & commitment therapy on intensity of pain experience & life satisfaction of patients with epilepsy.

This study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest & follow up control group design. The statistical population of the research consisted of all men with epilepsy in Tabriz who were members of the Epilepsy Society of this city in 2022. 30 people were randomly selected into two groups (15 people each) by following the criteria for entering and leaving the research and using the purposeful sampling method. The members of the experimental group received acceptance and commitment-based therapy in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours; but the control group did not receive any treatment. Analysis of findings through repeated measures analysis of variance test.

In the pretest, mean and standard deviation of the acceptance & commitment therapy for intensity of pain experience (76.93±4.49) and for life satisfaction (40.40±3.85), and in the control group for intensity of pain experience ( 78.27±4.14) and for life satisfaction (40.60±3.52) (P>0.05). Acceptance & commitment therapy, compared to the control group, the intensity of pain experience (78.27±4.14) and life satisfaction (78.27±4.14) of patients with epilepsy decreased and increased respectively in the post-test (p<0.001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of treatment on the intensity of pain experience and life satisfaction was lasting (p<0.001).

Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy has reduced the intensity of pain experience and increased life satisfaction of patients with epilepsy.

Genuvarum is a common complication among girls aged 12-16 years. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of NASM and Theraband correction exercises on balance and kinematic variables of the knee in girls aged 16-12 years suffering pain due to genuvarum.

The research sample includes 30 of these individuals who were randomly selected and then randomly divided into three groups of 10 controls (age: 14.20 ± 1.31 years, height: 1.59 ± 0.059). M, weight: 54.80 ± 7.61, BMI: 21.26 ± 2.19 kg / m2), Theraband group (age: 14.70 ± 0.94 years, height: 1.61 ± 0.06 M, weight: 54.40 ± 4.37 kg, BMI: 21.51 ± 1.23 kg / m2) and NASM group (age: 14.71 ± 1.16 years, height: 1.66 ± 0.053 M, weight: 56.70 ± 4.47 kg, BMI: 20.52 ± 0.87 kg / m2). In this study, a balance was assessed using the Walking on the balance wood test. Also, the distance between the inner condyle of the femur and the Q angle was measured using a caliper and a goniometer, respectively. After evaluating the variables, the subjects were divided into three groups of control and training, and each training group performed the training program for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The control group also performed their daily activities and physiotherapy at Arman Clinic during this period. In this study, the normality of the distributions was investigated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. To test the research hypotheses under normal conditions, ANCOVA analysis of covariance (between groups) and correlated T (within groups) were used. SPSS software version 26 was used in this study.

The results of this study showed that applying 8 weeks of NASM and Theraband training program in addition to increasing the balance was effective in improving the distance between the condylar and the Q angle (P = 0.001). In the field of comparison between the two training groups, except for the Q angle (P = 0.001), the balance variable and the distance between the condyles were not found (P ≥ 0.05).

In general, the results of the present study show the effect of both NASM and Theraband training programs on balance and improvement of knee kinematic variables; 1- The distance between the inner condyle of the femur, 2- Q angle has been effective. Based on this, it seems that the use of these two training programs in this community can lead to desirable results and shows the importance of using these exercises (especially NASM) in girls suffering genuvarum

To investigate the structural relationships between chronic pain and body mass index mediated by eating behaviors, pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, and pain catastrophizing.

The research method was structural equation modeling and the statistical population of men and women with chronic pain referred to the orthopedic, physiotherapy, neurology wards of Al-Ghadir Hospital and orthopedic specialists of Farahbakhsh clinics in Tehran in spring, summer and autumn of 2022, of which 400 they were selected by purposive sampling method and participated in the research. Data were used to calculate participants' body mass index and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (Van Strien, Frijters, Bergers & Defares, 1986), Chronic Pain (Vankorff et al, 1990), Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale (Pain-Related Fear) (McCracken & Dhingra, 2002), Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire (Patterson and Reese, 1992) and Pain Catastrophic Scale (Sullivan, Bishop, & Pivik, 1995) were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling in Amos21 software.

The results showed that the model has a good fit with the observed data (df2c <3, GFI, AGFI and CFI> 0.90 and RMSEA <0.08). Chronic pain, pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, catastrophic pain, and eating behaviors can explain 29.6% of the variance in body mass index. 55.2% of the variance of eating behaviors is explained by chronic pain, pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, and catastrophic pain.

To prevent and treat obesity in people with pain, the variables of pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, catastrophic pain and eating behaviors should be targeted.

Low back pain is one of the most common problems among pregnant women and requires further investigation and design of effective interventions. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of adding breathing exercises to comprehensive exercises in water and dry land on lumbo-pelvic pain. pain, functional disability, SFMA scores in pregnant women during lumbo-pelvic pain.

A total of 60 pregnant women with lumbo-pelvic pain were randomly divided into two groups: breathing exercises with on-land training (30 people) and breathing exercises with water training (30 people) and performed 14 weeks of training. Measured variables included pain, functional disability, SFMA scores were examined in the pretest and posttest.

Intra-group results in pain, functional disability, and SFMA variables showed significant results after 8 weeks of treatment in both groups (P<0.001). No significant difference was seen between the two exercise interventions in improving pain (p=0.91), functional disability (p=0.77) and SFMA (p=0.53).

Adding breathing exercises to water and land exercises can improve pain, functional disability, and SFMA scores variables in pregnant women with lumbo-pelvic pain.Key Words: Pregnancy, lumbo-pelvic pain, breathing Exercise, Function

The origin of the concept of pain dates back to ancient times, which has been the subject of debate since then. Since 1800 AD, according to the development of experimental sciences, various theories of pain based on experimental evidence have been formed. However, existing theories of pain may be suitable for explaining some aspects of pain, but none of them had fully explained all aspects of pain perception.

In the current study, the definition of pain, and its types and classification of were investigated. Then, the traditional theories of pain, such as specific theory, Pattern theory, gate control theory, and their evolution of were examined. Also, the most influential bio-psychosocial theories which formed the basis of research and interventions in the field of pain were considered. Ultimately, biological theories and the latest achievements in chronic and acute pain have been reviewed.

Until now, none of the theories of pain covers all aspects of pain, so in order to better understand pain with the aim of health policies, research and treatment, it is necessary to address different theories of pain.

the lifestyle of patients is affected by mood/anxiety symptoms and emotional schemas and coping strategies with pain, so the present study aims to provide a conceptual model of the lifestyle of patients with chronic back pain with regard to the role of mood/anxiety symptoms and Emotional schemas and pain coping strategies were performed.

The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population consisted of all women and men (25 to 55) years old with chronic back pain who referred to Razi Hospital and hospitals in Tarbat Heydarieh city in 1400-1401, which numbered 400 people, considering the entry criteria. The tools used are: questionnaire of emotional symptoms (mood/anxiety), short form of emotional schemas, strategies for coping with pain Rosenstein and Kaif (1983) and life style during quarantine by Ali Akbari Dehkordi. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method.

The fitted model showed that the indirect effect of mood/anxiety symptoms on lifestyle through dealing with pain (β=-0.165 and P<0.05) are significant at the 0.05 level. The results of the study supported the mediation of pain coping strategies in the relationship between mood/anxiety symptoms and emotional schemas with patients' lifestyle.

Developing therapeutic interventions to reduce emotional schemas and improve pain coping strategies is useful in improving and improving the lifestyle of chronic pain sufferers.Keywords: mood/anxiety symptoms, emotional schemas, lifestyle, pain coping strategies

The use of opioid drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroid drugs has limitations in prescription and use due to their non-specificity and extensive side effects. Finding drugs of natural origin with less side effects and local analgesic for each member or control the factor of creating pain is perhaps one of the things that is necessary today.

This research was conducted as a review focusing on analgesic medicinal terms in the reliable sources of Iranian medicine (from the 4th to the 13th century AH). The obtained medicinal terms were categorized as pain relievers for different parts of body of the body specifically for each of the organs and then the names of the drugs were matched with modern botanical references. And finally, the analgesic mechanism of some of them was diccussed and compared with the electronic articles available in Science Direct Scopus, PubMed databases.

In this research, 231 herbal local analgesic and pain relievers were obtained, and specific pain reliever herbal drugs were categorized for each organ, and the mechanism of action of some of them, which has been confirmed in modern pharmacology, was discussed.

By using the results of this study, with conducting more laboratory and clinical research, it is possible to formulate and produce local analgesic to control different pains.

For many years, psychological treatments for acute biological patients, along with other drug treatments, have been the answer to the patients' psychological problems. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of group training of psychological capitals with cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on depression of migraine patients in Isfahan city.

The design of this research was a Quasi-Experimental type of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study was made up of all migraine patients in Isfahan city in 1400. The research sample consisted of 54 patients with migraine who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups underwent 14 sessions of psychological capital training, and the second experimental group underwent 8 sessions of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness. The control group did not receive any intervention. The research tool included the Beck Depression Questionnaire and the data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA. 

The difference in depression scores in the pre-test and follow-up test in the three groups is significant (p<0.001) and the difference between the groups in the research stages (interaction of time in the group) is equal to 72.9%.

Considering the effect of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and psychological capital training on the depression of migraine patients, these treatments become an effective factor in improving the depression of these patients.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most important and distressing complications observed in the postoperative phase. One of the methods mentioned in some studies is chewing gum. The present study investigated the effect of chewing gum on nausea and vomiting after hysteroscopy.

Methods and materials: 

The present study was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial carried out on 52 female patients referred to hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences who underwent hysteroscopic surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups of tasteless chewing gum or Ondansetron 4 mg IV. Then, the two groups were compared regarding severity and amount of PONV.

The time from the start of treatment to the improvement of nausea and vomiting was recorded in two groups; ondansetron group had an average time of 13.63 minutes and chewing gum group had an average time of 20.13 minutes. Ondansetron reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting faster than chewing gum. The mean improvement in PNOV in the ondansetron group was 23 out of 26 cases, of which 3 required rescue treatment, and in the chewing gum group 22 out of 26 cases recovered and 4 received rescue treatment. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.685).

Statistical comparison between the two groups of ondansetron and chewing gum does not show a significant difference in the improvement of nausea and vomiting after hysterectomy, but the time period of treatment to improvement of nausea and vomiting after hysterectomy in the ondansetron group was faster than the chewing gum group.