فصلنامه مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران
سال پانزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 57، زمستان 1401)

Despite numerous studies on a wide range of topics in the field of branding, international branding isnot sufficiently covered. If there is a comprehensive approach to branding, a brand can be used as a strategictool to improve company performance. While paying attention to this issue at the international level is doublyimportant. However, research in this field, especially in the institutional context of Iran, is scattered and limited.This research, which is done by using Sciencetomeric method, citation analysis method, and evaluation andcontent analysis of documents, intends to review studies in this area; and provide a conceptual and integratedmodel by organizing researches and using content analysis of documents. The statistical population of thisresearch includes all the documents presented in the Scopus database with 207 documents (including articles,books, etc.) until 2020, and this population has been evaluated and visualized by BIBEXCLE and VOSVIEWERsoftware. Based on the content analysis of these documents, research on "International Branding" is divided intofive sections of the nature of branding, drivers, branding antecedent conditions, key elements in internationalbranding, and market-related factors in international branding. According to this research outcomes,suggestions for future researches are provided.

Infrastructure in any country is in fact the basic foundation of the society of that country and notpaying attention to them creates irreparable consequences in the country and damage in one sector can affectother economic sectors as well. Therefore, it is vital to achieve a productive economy that relies on efficiencyand innovation, and to achieve continuous growth in national income and increase the per capita wealth ofsociety in the current period and the transition from a single-product economy. For this purpose, the data ofIran during the period 1978 to 2020 and the vector error correction model have been used. The variables usedinclude value added of agriculture, industry and services, as well as investment in energy, transportation andcommunications infrastructure at a fixed price in 2011. The results showed that there was a significantrelationship between energy infrastructure, transportation and communications with the development ofagriculture, industry and services, so that the development of transportation infrastructure has the greatestimpact on the development of agriculture, energy infrastructure development. The greatest impact on thedevelopment of the industrial sector and the development of transport infrastructure has the greatest impact onthe development of the service sector.

The current research was conducted with the topic of economic policy uncertainty and companyvalue: the mediating role of intellectual capital and research and development. The research is considered to beapplied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population of thisresearch is all the companies of Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2014 to 2016. The sample used wasalso selected through the method of systematic exclusion from the statistical population, in this order, 114companies have been selected as the research sample, to examine and test the hypotheses. Research dataanalysis was done using EVIEWS10 software and regression test. The results showed that there is a positive andsignificant relationship between economic policy uncertainty and social responsibility; Intellectual capital has apositive and significant effect on the relationship between social responsibility and company value; Intellectualcapital has a positive and significant effect on the relationship between corporate governance and companyvalue; Research and development has a positive and significant effect on the relationship between socialresponsibility and company value, and research and development has a positive and significant effect on therelationship between corporate governance and company value.

Governments try to formulate five-year plans with a transformational and developmental approach,according to the time, the situation of the country and the discourse of their party. One of the key sectors indevelopment programs is the social sector and its welfare services, which contribute to the growth andexcellence of society. Social development is possible by improving the quality of life, ensuring human rights,paying attention to citizen participation and civic institutions, justice and social protection, as well as payingattention to the talents and abilities of the people. In this research, the social sector (services and social welfare)of the fifth and sixth development plans has been studied by discourse analysis method. The method of analysis isdone through the method of Laclau and Moffe discourse analysis. The Fifth Development Plan, which deals withthe fundamentalist discourse, emphasizes the Signifier of "social justice", "reduction of state ownership andinclusive social welfare," and the Sixth Development Plan, which deals with the reformist discourse andmoderation and development, emphasizes "citizenship rights." It is based on "public health", "social resilience","tax reform in the field of health" and "comprehensive system of social harms.

Electronic signature certificate offices, as a legal entity, register and certify electronic signatures inorder to secure the rights of some individuals. Electronic signature certificate offices comply with certain termsand conditions in order to issue a signature certificate and conform it to the original. One of the most importantresponsibilities that e-signature certification offices give to signatories is to maintain the confidentiality andconfidentiality of citizen information. One of the most important principles used in this study is to examine theresponsibility of the owners of electronic signature certificate offices, the details of which have been evaluated.According to the approach adopted in the law, the sample of non-central electronic signatures, geographicallocation will not be considered in any way as a factor in the legal identification of electronic certificates andsignatures. Instead, pay attention to the technical issues and how technically reliable the certificate or signatureis.

The purpose of this study is to predict the needs of the elderly population of Iran in differentregions and population groups until 1420 and its role in social development. The research method is acombination of two methods quantitative (secondary analysis) and documentary. "Calculated by theStatistics Center of Iran and demographic methods" and "statistically valid documents and thendemographic calculation methods" were used to "estimate the different needs of the elderlypopulation." According to the theories, economic development as well as the import of medicalequipment in developing countries, reduced mortality and fertility and increased life expectancy andfundamental changes in the age structure of the population, and this at birth in the early stages.Demographic transition leads to population growth and in the final stages increases the elderlypopulation. In the field of needs of the elderly, the theories were examined that income, healthinsurance, education, social support and housing are predicted as the most important needs of theelderly in different regions and population groups until 1420, and because the goal The main thing insocial development is to improve people's living standards and quality of life, identifying the needs ofthe elderly will have a significant impact on social development.

Most of the studies and researches that have been done in recent decades in Iran on values insociology, show major and fundamental changes in the value system of families. Therefore, the present study,based on Inglehart's theory of value changes, seeks the fundamental question of what is the change in familyvalues in its various dimensions among the marginalized in the Region 19 and Region 4 of Tehran? For thispurpose, 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with men and women over 18 years of age in the Marginalizedneighborhoods of the mentioned Regions, as well as in order to compare and contrast them with otherneighborhoods in the same Regions. The research approach was qualitative and the research method wasgrounded theory and the sampling method was purposeful and theoretical. The findings of the study showed theopposite of Inglehart's theory that the Marginalized neighborhoods, as well as other neighborhoods studied inthe context of urban society, were generally inclined to postmaterial family values. According to the prevailingapproaches of society, regarding how to orient family values, it can be said that among the studied samples, thedirection of family values is moving towards polarization. According to Inglehart, a society has a value balancethat has both material and postmaterial values.

One of the important historical developments during the first period of the Abbasid caliphate was therise of Iranian families. As from the beginning of the formation of this caliphate until the conquest of the Turks,almost most of the caliphate powers were in the hands of Iranian ministers. The families of Bokhtishua,Nobakhti, Barmakian, and Sahl were among these great families that provided valuable services to the AbbasidCaliphate and at the same time enjoyed a lot of facilities and power. The question that has always been raised iswhat was the historical role of these families in the development of the Iranian-Islamic identity? How did theysucceed in the development of the Iranian-Islamic identity while they were executors of an Arab caliphate andhad to be committed to it? Our hypothesis is that in addition to having an Iranian identity, they also knew thebasics of Islam carefully. The result of our work shows that they not only succeeded in integrating Islam into theIranian identity, but in the long run they succeeded in bringing the Iranian identity into the Arab world andthereby played a colorful role in creating the necessary infrastructure for Islamic civilization. . Here, an attempthas been made to answer these questions by analyzing historical sources and criticizing new researches, whileexplaining the position and conditions of the presence of these families in the body of the Abbasid Caliphate, andalso by separating their roles into two groups of agents and scientists.

If educational institutions want to be successful, they must create new educational models that are efficient for students. Distance education or non-attendance education is a guided system or a process that connects learners to distant resources and can also be used as a tool for supplementary learning. The purpose of the current research is to help schools and educational institutions managers adopt appropriate strategies to renovate education and improve educational performance by identifying the socio-economic strengths and weaknesses (SW) of distant education. In order to do so, applying a purposive sampling, the data of 15 individuals including management development assistants, teachers, academic assessment experts and members of parents' and trainer’s associations of the 3rd district of Tehran were collected and analyzed through semistructured interviews. Applying a grounded theory, the model of socio-economic strengths and weaknesses of distant education was developed. Findings of this qualitative research show that the correct application of distant education can improve the status and credibility of schools at the Education Association of Tehran, increase intra-school interactions, and increase the satisfaction of parents, students, and teaching staff

he cooperative is one of the three most important economic sectors of the country. Co-operatives andco-operatives can contribute to the economic and social development of a society. This study aimed to study therole of cooperatives in economic and social development in Qom province. The research method is survey andits tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study is the members of manufacturing and servicecooperatives of Qom province which are 830044 persons in total. Through multi-stage cluster sampling, 400members of cooperatives were selected as sample. The findings of the study show that the mean of socialdevelopment variable is at an average downward level. The highest average was in terms of indices of civicactivities, physical health and generalized norms, respectively. The lowest mean is also for social cohesion andsocial awareness. Average economic development is 2.44 and is below average. And it's also lower than socialdevelopment. Multivariate regression results show that 40.5% of social development changes and 30.1% ofeconomic development are affected by cooperatives and cooperatives. The result is that cooperatives and theirpositive performance can provide the basis for social and economic development. Co-operatives can also play arole in creating an economic cloudel.

The decrease in rainfall, increase in temperature and excessive consumption of water in 1402 has ledto the biggest crisis of the century in the field of water. This importance has increased the need to pay attentionto the policy issue of crisis management in the country's water. The current research is a quantitative research interms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection method. The technique or method used in thequantitative section is survey. The statistical population of this research includes all the experts and managers ofthe water field in the country, which due to the vastness of the researched population, the size of the populationis unlimited and above one hundred thousand people. According to Morgan's table, 384 sample people arerequired, of which 397 questionnaires were returned to the researcher. Non-random sampling method isavailable. In this research, a 21-item questionnaire was used to answer the research questions. Cronbach'salpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the research items or measures. Cronbach's alphacoefficient above 0.70 is acceptable as an alpha coefficient and shows that there is a relationship and continuitybetween the items or questions of each variable. The results of the implementation of the research model showthat the highest coefficient of the path is related to the political dimension with a coefficient of 0.889 and thesecond place is the legal dimension with a coefficient of 0.766. And the lowest path coefficient is related to theclimatic dimension with a coefficient of 0.504. The results of the t-test show that at the 99% confidence level, themanagerial, economic, political, cultural and climatic dimensions are in a poor condition, and only two legaland social dimensions are in a favorable condition out of the total dimensions examined in terms of the researchsample.

The purpose of the current research was to designing and validating of the emerging social andfamilial injuries affected by Corona in Qom province. In the qualitative part of the research, a number of 18semi-structured interviews were conducted with the community of experts on social harms using the snowballmethod. In the quantitative part, 384 people were selected as a sample by multi-stage random sampling methodand using the Krejcie and Morgan table. Harms affected by Corona include six main categories of dependenceon virtual space, dependence on new communication technologies, social problems, psychological problems,educational problems and family problems. Seven sub-categories of "physical consequences", "psychological","behavioral", "communication", "social", "educational" and "Internet crimes" were identified in the category ofaddiction to cyber space. Two sub-categories, namely "dependence on satellite" and "dependence on mobilephone" were identified as sub-categories of dependence on new communication technologies. "addiction todrugs and alcohol", "diminishing social interactions", "spreading unwanted words and films", "prevalence ofpseudo-science", "unemployment", "grief crisis" and "economic issues". It has been identified as sub-categoriesof social issues and problems. "depression", "anxiety" and "obsession" were identified for psychological issuesand problems. Findings related to educational issues and problems also include the subcategories of "lack offamiliarity with the requirements of virtual teaching", "lack of motivation", "educational isolation" and"cheating". "Family conflicts", "increasing the burden of women's responsibility" and "suspension of socialrelief mechanisms" were sub-categories of family problems. The measurement models and the reliability of theresearch tools were tested and verifiedation.

This article has been conducted in order to investigate the results and consequences of theimplementation of communication and media programs for the development of social partnerships in NGOs andcharities and by the qualitative content analysis method. The data of this research was obtained through semistructured interviews with 22 experts and managers. active in non-governmental organizations and collected bytheoretical sampling. In this research, from the analysis of 839 conceptual codes resulting from theconversations, a total of 574 central categories were obtained, of which 80 conceptual codes were related to thepositive and negative results and consequences of the implementation of media and communication programs inNGOs and charities, in the form of 68 codes. Axial and 37 selective codes were presented. Based on the findingsof this research, the "positive consequences" of implementing communication programs in the development ofsocial partnerships in ngos and charities are: improving the status and empowerment of NGOs and charities,developing research and scientific foundations in ngos and increasing scientific achievements. , cultural andeconomic ngos and "negative consequences" of not implementing communication programs in the developmentof social partnerships in charities including things such as: weakness in effective monitoring of ngos activities,weakness in their "efficiency" and weakness in knowledge management and strategic management in ngos andcharities, in each case based on the findings of the research, the relevant analysis and interpretation ispresented.

According to the urgent need of today's society, providing a suitable model for sustainable socialdevelopment can be the only way out of the many problems of today's society at the intersection of social,economic, political, biological, etc. problems. This importance will not be realized without a new look at thesechallenges and creativity in entrepreneurship. Therefore, in this research, we seek to provide a sustainablesocial development model based on entrepreneurial planning. The current research has a fundamental purposeand a practical approach, and the research method is mixed.The current research has a fundamental goal and apractical approach, and the research method is mixed. The number of which is 11 people, and in the quantitativepart, they include senior managers, experienced people, in the employment sector of Golestan province, andusing simple random sampling method, 950 people were selected, and the sample size is 274 people based onMorgan's table. The tool for collecting information in the qualitative part is a semi-structured interview and inthe quantitative part it is a researcher-made questionnaire. Content analysis model was used to identifysustainable social development indicators and meta-composite model was used to identify entrepreneurialplanning indicators. Structures examined to provide the basic model of sustainable social development; Socialtrust, social participation and solidarity, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, socialresponsibility are the studied structures to provide the basic model of entrepreneurial planning; Entrepreneurialstrategy, entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepThe results of the structural model showed thatentrepreneurial planning has a positive

Institutional development of people, which is the subject of study in this research, as one of the main concerns that includes various economic, social and cultural dimensions, is one of the areas of attention of national governments and local governments. In this study, using the "grounded theory" strategy, about 63 economic activists were interviewed in the field under study, of which 58 interviews were suitable for conducting research and were reported. The answers obtained from this interview and coding process clearly explain that the components of place identity through the main category, namely "Grassroots' creativity and innovation" with the realization of satisfaction with the products [among the "audiences" or In other words, "customers" achieve the three main goals of financial productivity, social solidarity and cultural determination. A strategy that results in a process model [cognition-perception-behavior]. Of course, the mentioned path is not simple and one-line, and "background conditions" and "intervening conditions" play a role in this path step by step: "background conditions" are actually the environmental platforms that are the fields of power and or they provide the weakness of this mechanism, which include: "value components", "advertising strategies", "human capital", "institutional policies", "financial potentials". "Intervening conditions" are types of external stimuli that can play a role in strengthening or weakening the mentioned mechanism. Intervening conditions in this mechanism can be divided into three parts: "class representation", "localization", "quality", "taste-making cultural consumption".

Social media, especially Twitter, is considered one of the important platforms for the expansion of thesemantic system and IR's opposition activities due to its political importance. The research aims to identify thediscourse context of internal and external opposition currents and the central signifiers used by them regardingfemininity. In addition,the research seeks to identify how much these currents have paid attention to women'sdemands on Twitter from August to October 2022 and from what kind of discourse they have analyzed theseissues. The results show that the internal opposition analyzed women's issues mostly based on the reformist subdiscourse and the foreign opposition analyzed and pursing femininity issues mostly based on the feminist subdiscourse. This indicates that the internal opposition has less attention to women's issues because the internalopposition's tweets with femininity topics before September 16th are less frequent than tweets of the foreignopposition and somehow the follow-up of women's demands in internal opposition discourse is not a centralconcern. But after the death of Mehsa Amini and the beginning of street protests, the number of tweets onfemininity topics from internal opposition has increased and their discourse signifiers have become closer to theforeign opposition currents.

The textile industry is one of the strategic industries and one of the basic pillars of society. Textile inYazd has a long history, but in recent years has experienced an unfavorable situation. Meanwhile, industrialclusters have many advantages in economic development by bringing together small enterprises. Various factorscontribute to the success of industrial clusters. Social capital is one of the indicators of growth and developmentof any country is one of the dimensions of social indicators. In this study, we have studied its role in the successor failure of Yazd textile industrial cluster with a qualitative approach. The data of this study were obtainedfrom a semi-structured interview with 17 industry owners, academics and researchers in this field. The findingsof this study, using thematic analysis, address challenges at three levels of communication between industrialorganizations and the textile industry, including "The ineffective approach of the government prevents thepromotion of organizations to the supportive position of industry and government", "the alienation of industryowners from the organizational culture", "Lack of support for technology development projects and the creationof technical knowledge" and "Motivational barriers and high volume of educational and executive activities ofacademics", "Lack of development of the necessary infrastructure for commercialization of research", "Lack ofsystemic thinking between industry and university managers", "Lack of mission-oriented planning in theeducational and research policies of the higher education system", the relationship between universities andresearch centers and innovation with the textile industry, and "inaction and regression in the field of structuredplanning", "Lack of necessary mechanisms to reduce the final price and increase competitiveness","Decentralized and rent-seeking policies", "Lack of forward-looking and specialized policy-making" therelationship of government organizations with the textile industry. The findings indicate the significant role ofgovernment and government policies in the low level of social capital in the textile industrial cluster of Yazd.Therefore, changing the government's approach to its role in Yazd textile industry from entrepreneurial toprotectionist is one of the most important factors in increasing the appropriate social capital.

Considering the novelty of studies related to Internet addiction in Iran, the investigation andidentification of psychological factors predicting this phenomenon is evident as a research gap; Therefore, thepresent study was conducted with the aimed to identifying the most important psychological antecedents ofInternet addiction through a meta-analytical research procedure. The method of conducting the research is aquantitative meta-analysis. In the process of systematic review, 195 articles were identified from 2002 to 2022,and by carefully studying the text of Persian articles by university professors and experts, 108 articles wereidentified. Life satisfaction (ES, -0.65), problem-oriented coping (ES, -0.45), difficulty in regulating emotions(ES, 0.45), interpersonal sensitivity (ES, 0.45), sensation seeking (ES, 42 0.0), feeling lonely (ES, 0.41),depression (ES, 0.39), anxiety (ES, 0.38), psychological capital (ES, -0.37), depression (ES, 0.36) , stress (ES,0.35) and emotional intelligence (ES, -0.35) were identified as the strongest antecedents, respectively. Due to theheterogeneity in the studies, studies with validity (ES, -0.15) had a larger effect size than studies withoutvalidation (ES, 0.06). Based on the results, the manner of using internet can be related to psychologicalcharacteristics of the internet users. It is expected that these findings not only improve the knowledge of thisfield, but also support protective factors and removing risky behaviors. Additionally, it can be used as a helpfultool in intervention programs in this field.

Street-level bureaucrats are considered the main makers of policies in such a way that they canimprove and upgrade the quality of services or generate social dissatisfaction. In this research, an attempt hasbeen made to investigate and identify the components of conflict between the behavior of street-level bureaucratsand the organizational policies of pre-hospital emergency. The current research is applied in terms of purpose,which was implemented with a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method. In order to collect data,while using the method of library studies, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 experts andpractitioners of the health system, and the research data were analyzed using the "Brown and Clark" model. Theresearch results were calculated in five dimensions, including "influence of individual characteristics","organizational factors", "mission conditions", "environmental settings" and "characteristics of therapeuticpurposes". Due to the importance of the skill and knowledge of pre-hospital emergency experts in saving humanlives, the result of the conflict between the executives' discretion and the organizational policies is like a doubleedged sword and can make the implementation of the policy more effective. or their inefficiency. Supportingfreedom of action in emergency situations leads to easier decision-making by executives in terms of protectionsand legal consequences.

The present study aims to investigate the role of elite political culture in the ethnic identity of themasses and to educate and accept the political order. Our statistical population is citizens over the age of 20 inIlam. The elites of society are distinguished from the masses by their political, economic and social power. If wedefine political culture as the type of attitude of society towards the political system, the elites and masses ofsociety have different political cultures and in societies that have ethnic identity, the type of political cultureprevails in strengthening or weakening their ethnic identity and political trust. Accepting political order can beeffective. The research method in this research was survey and the data collection technique was aquestionnaire. Questionnaires were randomly distributed among 150 Elamite citizens. The results of this studyshow that the political culture of the masses of the people of Ilam, influenced by the political culture of thesociety's elites, creates a sense of discrimination influenced by ethnic identity, which has an effective role instabilizing or destabilizing the political order of society. The findings of this study show that the level of politicaltrust and acceptance of political order and consequently social order among citizens over 20 years of age,considering the ethnic identity of women compared to men is at a desirable level