مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 125، خرداد و تیر 1402)

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with an increasing prevalence in the world. Obesity plays a pivotal role in increasing the risk of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity dependent mild-inflammation leads to an imbalance in the secretion of adipokines and thereby reduces insulin sensitivity. The TLR family plays an important role in these inflammatory pathways, and therefore inhibition of IRAK, as a key mediator of the pathway, plays a role in inhibiting inflammation and insulin resistance. In this study we investigated the effect of this inhibitor on the expression levels of PPAR-γ and GLUT.4, which are involved in insulin sensitivity.

In this study, male C57BL/6J mice were used for induction of insulin resistance. Mice were divided into 6 groups including standard diet, high fat diet, high fat diet + solvent, high fat diet + pioglitazone, high fat diet + IRAK inhibitor and high fat diet + combination of pioglitazone-IRAK inhibitor. At the end of the study, the mice were killed and expression levels of GLUT4 and TPPAR-γ in muscle tissue of the mice were measured by Real Time PCR.

This study showed that pioglitazone, IRAK inhibitor, and the combination of IRAK inhibitor- Pioglitazone increased PPAR-γ expression in muscle tissue, but IRAK inhibitor unlike pioglitazone had no effect on GLUT.4 expression.

The results of this study suggested that insulin sensitizing effects of IRAK inhibitor may be induced by increasing PPAR-γ expression level.

The current treatment for hemophilia B is replacement therapy, which involves the intravenous infusion of human coagulation factor IX (hFIX) purified from plasma or a recombinant form produced in mammalian cells. In this study, using a bicistronic expression system, the stable expression of the hFIX in a serum-free and suspension-adapted Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO-s) was investigated.

A DNA fragment consisting of hFIX, Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) and Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) nucleotide sequences was cloned into pcDNA3.1 expression plasmid under the control of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. The bicistronic plasmid was then linearized using BglII restriction enzyme and transfected into CHO-s cells. The transfected cells were treated with geneticin for 14 days. The culture medium of the stable cells was then collected and the expression level of the hFIX were examined using western blotting and ELISA. The coagulation activity was also evaluated by the chromogenic method.

The recombinant CHO-s cells resistant to geneticin were observed under a fluorescence microscope in green color, which indicated the expression and accumulation of the EGFP in the cytoplasm of the cells. The results of Western blotting confirmed the expression and secretion of the hFIX into the culture medium. The amount of the secreted hFIX was 150 ng/mL/106cells with a coagulation activity of 5.6 ±0.2 mU/mL.

Our findings demonstrated that this bicistronic expression system could simultaneously produce EGFP and hFIX in CHO-s cells. This expression system facilitates selection and isolation of hFIX-expressing cells.

Oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of memory and learning disorder which can cause neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Alpha-pinene is a polyphenolic compound from the terpene family that has shown important anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system and can affect memory. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of alpha-pinene on the improvement of working and spatial memory in rats. 

In this study, 24 male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control and 2 alpha-pinene groups (5 and 10 mg/kg IP) for 3 weeks. Spatial and working memories were assessed by Morris water maze and Y maze, respectively. Then, malondialdehyde level and total antioxidant capacity in hippocampal tissue were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.

The percentage of alternation in the Y maze increased in the group which had received 10 mg/kg alpha-pinene group compared to those in the control group and the group which had received 5 mg/kg alpha-pinene. The time spent in the target area at the dose of 10 mg/kg of alpha-pinene showed a significant increase compared to that in the control group, but there was no significant difference among the groups in terms of the time to reach the target platform. Alpha-pinene at the dose of 10 mg/kg decreased the level of malondialdehyde in hippocampal tissue compared to the control group, but no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of total antioxidant capacity.

Alpha-pinene increased spatial and working memory performance in rats. One of the possible mechanisms of memory improvement in the present study could be due to the reduction of malondialdehyde in the hippocampal tissue, as one of the important indicators of oxidative stress in the central nervous system.

Serotonergic system has a role in morphine dependence and withdrawal symptoms via its receptors. On the other hand, the effect of 5-HT2A receptor on withdrawal symptoms has not been evaluated completely. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-HT2A receptor stimulation on morphine withdrawal symptoms in male mice.

This experimental study included twenty eight male NMRI mice (20-25g). Morphine dependency was induced in a five- day schedule by 6, 16, 26, 36, 46, 56 and 66 mg/kg doses respectively. On the fifth day, 2 hours after a single dose of morphine, naloxone was injected (3 mg/kg) and the scores (from 0 to 3) of withdrawal symptoms including number of jumps, teeth chattering, writing, head shakes, limbs shakes, and percentage of body weight loss were recorded for 30min.The treatment group received different doses of TCB-2 (03, and 2.5mg/kg; Intraperitoneally).

Withdrawal symptoms in the morphine-dependent mice were significantly more frequent than those in the control mice. Different doses of TCB-2 significantly increased some of the morphine withdrawal symptoms in the experimental groups.

The present study indicated that stimulation of 5-HT2A receptor via its agonist exacerbated the morphine withdrawal symptoms. Further studies are recommended to better understand the role of the 5-HT2A receptor in morphine dependence and withdrawal.

One of the methods of preparing the cervix for induction of labor is use of drugs. Use of prostaglandins and estradiol is one of these methods. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of estradiol and misoprostol on cervical preparation.

This study included 100 pregnant women with Bishop score of less than four who had referred for normal delivery. The participants assigned to groups of misoprostol suppository and estradiol cream by random method. The women were examined every two hours and cervical Bishop score and labor progress were assessed. If uterine contractions were not suitable after 6 hours, induction with oxytocin was performed by the conventional method. Finally, two groups were compared in relation to Bishop score, onset of uterine contractions, lengths of labor stages, rate of cesarean section, and maternal and fetal complications by use of  SPSS22 software. p<0.05 was considered significant.

After two and four hours, Bishop scores were higher in the estradiol group than those in the misoprostol group (P<0.05). Need for oxytocin in the first and second stages of labor was more in the misoprostol group than in the estradiol group (P=0.001). The duration of the first stage in the misoprostol group was higher compared to that in the estradiol group (P=0.004) and there was no statistically significant difference between the lengths of the second and third stages and the type of delivery. (P > 0.05)

Estradiol cream can be used to prepare the cervix for childbirth. Use of this method, can reduce the duration of the first stage of labor without any complications for mothers and babies. This method can reduce the rate of cesarean section and result in better health of the mothers and babies.

Age estimation is an important issue in forensic medicine.Teeth are more resistant to changes than bones, so they are one of the main indicators for age estimation in forensic medicine. To determine the relationship between age and dental changes, the ratio of dental pulp/Tooth volume (PV/ TV) is one of the most appropriate indicators. The aim of this study was to determine  the correlation between PV/TV ratio and chronological age in canine teeth using CBCT images.

In this descriptive-analytical study, a total of 183 CBCT images were selected randomly from archive of images in an oral and maxillofacial radiology center. The images were imported into the 3D Slicer software as DICOM data. Pulp volume, tooth volume and their ratio were calculated. Data were introduced into SPSS 17. We used T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression for data analysis.

The mean value of PV/TV ratio was not different significantly in relation to gender, teeth location (mandible and maxilla, right and left sides), but there was a significant difference in terms of age. Pearson correlation showed a significant negative relation between the age of the subjects and PV/TV ratio (R = -0.714). The results of regression analysis for all data and also for all of 6 age groups showed significant correlation only in the age groups of 15-19 and 50- 59 years old.  

The results of this study showed that there was an inverse and significant relationship between PV/TV ratio and chronological age.  Also, in the age groups of 15-19 and 50-59 years, it seems that regression model can be considered a reliable method to estimate age in Iranian population.

Home-Visit is a recently growing approach for patients with chronic mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of this approach in some therapeutic factors in the patients with BID.

In this randomized control trial study, among bipolar I patients discharged from Ghods Psychiatric Hospital in Sanandaj, those who met our inclusion criteria, after informed consent, randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The evaluators were unaware of the patients' groups. The intervention group received 1-year intervention of home-care services, whereas the control group doesn't receive any intervention, except for their pharmacological treatment. Hamilton-Depression-Rating Scale and Young-Mania-Rating-Scale were used to record possible changes during the steps of our study (before, 6-months and 12-months after intervention). Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Our study included 26 patients (19 men, 7 women). 13 assigned to intervention group (Mean age= 36.15, SD=15.04), and 13 assigned to control group (Mean age=34.92, SD=5.15), which did not show any significant difference at the baseline (T=.279, p= .783). The results implied that the intervention group had significant decrease in all of the three variables, including frequency of hospitalization (p=0/001), mania (p=0/002), and depression (p=0/006), compared to the control group. These changes remained the same during the one year follow-up period.

Results showed that home-visit was effective in, decreasing the severity of the symptoms, frequency and length of hospital stay in BID patients. It seems possible that increased length of interventions can lead to better outcomes.

High prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and their control among the workforce is one of the most important concerns of ergonomics experts in the world. On the other hand, many countries consider the prevention of these disorders as one of their national priorities. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of brochure-based education on ergonomic principles abidance among operating room technologists in Iran University of Medical Sciences from 2017 to 2018.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with an experimental group (brochure-based education) and a control group with a pre-test post-test design. A total of 66 operating room technologists of the Iran University of Medical Sciences were selected by simple random sampling method and non randomly assigned to the groups. Data were collected by Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) checklist and using SPSS V.20, they were analyzed by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.

The results showed positive effect of the brochure-based education method on ergonomic principles abidance among operating room technologists and a comparison between the control and brochure groups showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.001).

This study showed the effectiveness of brochure-based education on ergonomics principles abidance among operating room technologists. Therefore, use of this method instead of conventional methods is recommended to prevent complications of musculoskeletal disorders.

Microorganisms living in the human body play an important role in human health. Human microbiota is known as an essential agent and playing an important role in the biological processes of the human body. The role of the microbiota in the host metabolism, intestinal inflammatory responses and their treatment has been well recognized. In this study we investigated the relationship between intestinal microbiota and schizophrenia.

Using keywords of”Gut microbiota”، “Schizophrenia”، “Fecal transplantation” و “Mental disorders”, we searched data bases of  SCOPUS، PubMed و Web of Science in order to find studies on the effects and relationship of the gut microbiota with occurrence of some diseases, the gut-brain relationship, and the role of fecal transplantation in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and mental illnesses, particularly schizophrenia.

Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the microbial gut-brain axis. The intestinal microbiota has certain impacts in the process of development of mental disorders such as anxiety, stress, depression, and behavioral disorders.

Use of gut microbiota maybe helpful for the patients with schizophrenia for improvement of the cognitive changes. In addition, due to the low prevalence and high rate of complications of this disease, more studies on the role of fecal microbiota transplantation in the patients with schizophrenia are recommended.

Hypertension is a common challenge in many parts of the world. Medical reports have indicated that failure to control blood pressure is due to patients' non-compliance with treatment. One of the health related behaviors which can lead to successful treatment and reduce the negative side effects and severity of the disease is patients' adherence to the treatment regimen. Using a self-management program is one of the ways to manage the disease by the individual. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of self-management program on adherence to treatment regimen in the pateints with hypertension.

This was a semi-experimental study, which included 70 patients with hypertension in Imam Mohammad Ghazali Clinic in Sanandaj City in 2020. The samples were selected using available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups, intervention (n=35) and control groups (n=35). The intervention group participated in blood pressure self-management skills training for 2 sessions (45 minutes each session) and the control group was placed in the waiting list. Data collection tools included a demographic information form and a questionnaire of adherence to the treatment regimen of Madanloo patients. Using SPSS-22 software, data were analyzed by Chi-square, Fisher's exact test and repeated measurements.

There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics (p<0.05). The results of the repeated measures analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups in the different aspects of treatment i.e., diligence in treatment (P=0.039) commitment to treatment (P=0.003) and adherence to treatment (P=0.041).Also, the interaction effects of time and group on diligence in treatment (P=0.000), commitment to treatment (P=0.001) and adherence to treatment (P=0.000) were significant. Comparison between intervention and control groups showed self-management training in the intervention group led to increase in the average scores of adherence to treatment aspects, including diligence in treatment, commitment to treatment, and the overall score of adherence to treatment (P<0.05).

 The designed and evaluated self-care educational interventions in the present study increased adherence to the treatment and improved its components in the intervention group. Therefore, improving self-care in the patients with hypertension, can possibly help maintain blood pressure in the normal range and reduce its related complications.

We measured radiation emission from the patients undergoing myocardial perfusion scan after leaving nuclear medicine department to demonstrate how much radiation hospital staff or patients’ companions, in the vicinity of the patients would receive. We also evaluated the relationship of age, sex, and body mass index with the emitted radiation rate.

In this study 60 patients (41 females and 19 males) after undergoing 99mTc-sestamibi myocardial perfusion scan with a dose of 925±185 MBq, were selected randomly. The equivalent dose rate at distances of 0.25 m, 1 m and 2 m from the patients were measured by a survey meter before leaving nuclear medicine department and after 12 & 24 hours. Data were analyzed by T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA.

The mean equivalent dose rates in unit of microsievert per hour at distances of 0.25 m, 1 m and 2 m from the patients were (120.6 ± 24.1, 19.4 ± 3.8, 8.4 ± 1.3) at leaving time, (29.1 ± 8.7, 5.3 ± 1.2, 2.1 ± 0.8) after 12 hours and (4.3 ± 1.5, 0.8 ± 0.6, 0.3 ± 0.1) after 24 hours, respectively. The mean equivalent dose rate showed no relationship with gender and age, but it was inversely correlated with body mass index (P-value <0.05) after 24 hours.

People would receive reasonably low radiation if they keep a distance of at least 1 meter from the patients or stay only for a few minutes in the vicinity of the patients. After 24 hours, equivalent dose rate was inversely correlated with body mass index.

Global trends and national policies have made internationalization and paying attention to the international markets of higher education inevitable on the one hand and becoming a legal requirement of Iranian medical sciences universities on the other hand. Therefore, the main goal of this article was to show, by examining the experience of international marketing of higher education in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, what are the futures of international marketing of higher education in medical sciences?

in this documented data and the views, knowledge and lived experiences of the beneficiaries of the University of Medical Sciences were the basis of the study, and in the following, the methods of documentary studies, trend analysis, brainstorming, expert panel, theme analysis and scenario planning were used.

The most important achievement of this article is that among the challenges facing the international marketing of higher education in the University of Medical Sciences, two driving forces have the highest importance and uncertainty in shaping the future of this issue, including: sustainable security and cultural development.

The normalization of political and economic relations with the world along with appropriate cultural development inside and outside the university and acceptance of cultural, racial, religious, intellectual, ethnic and gender differences strengthens the marketing process of higher education. In such a situation, the risk of investing in providing international higher education will be reduced. Therefore, the most expensive and the most important uncertainty facing the country's universities in international marketing is the attitude and approach of science and technology governance to the relations and structure governing the international system.