مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی و چهارم شماره 1 (فروردین 1402)

Hyperglycemia causes disorders of cardiovascular system, kidneys, retina, lens of the eyes, skin, and central and peripheral nervous system. Since two indicators PGC-1α and Atf2 are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, therefore, this study was designed and implemented to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks’ endurance training with quercetin supplementation on the expression of mitochondrial PGC-1α and Atf2 genes in the hippocampus of diabetic male rats.

The present study was an experimental study with a post-test design with a control group that was performed by laboratory method. In the present study, 35 Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (7 in each) including: healthy control, quercetin supplement, control diabetic, exercise diabetic, and diabetic quercetin supplement. 15 mg of quercetin per kg of body weight were injected to two experimental groups (diabetic exercise supplement and supplement) each day after diabetes induction. The protocol used in the present study was 6 weeks’ moderate intensity endurance training (55-50% of maximum oxygen consumption). Hippocampal tissue was taken surgically 24 hours after the last training session to evaluate the expression of PGC-1α and Atf2 genes. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey post-hoc test (with a significance level of P <0.05) was used to examine the data.

Results showed that the expression of PGC-1α and Atf2 genes after 6 weeks of intervention, increased significantly in the diabetic supplement training group compared to the diabetic control, training diabetes, and quercetin supplementation groups (P<0.05). The diabetic exercise group had a significant increase compared to the diabetes control group for both of the genes (P <0.05).

It seems that 6 weeks’ endurance training alone and in combination with quercetin supplementation has a positive effect on mitochondrial PGC-1α and Atf2 gene expression, and increases them in the diabetic patients.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Colposcopy is a worldwide accepted method for detection of early carcinoma of cervix. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between colposcopic examination results with histopathological findings and its diagnostic value in cervical biopsy.

This study was a cross-sectional comparative study performed on 436 women with abnormal Pap smear test results, referring to Urmia Motahari Hospital during March 2021 to March 2022. Colposcopy and histopathologic findings of individuals with abnormal Pap smear results were extracted from the patient records. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics (Chi-square test) using SPSS 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL.,USA). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of various diagnostic methods were calculated. A probability of P<0.05 was accepted as significant.

The mean age of the participants was 37.3 ± 9.60. The most common finding in colposcopy and histopathology results were acetowhite lesions and cervicitis, respectively. According to the comparison, the agreement percentage of colposcopy and histopathology findings in noninvasive malignant neoplasia in the case of CINIII, CINII, CINI were 4%, 57.1%, and 37%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for colposcopy in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were reported as 57.3%, 51.8%, 23.3%, and 82.5%, respectively.

This study showed an acceptable correlation between colposcopic examination and histopathologic findings. Thus colposcopy can be used as a tool for early diagnosis of precancerous cervical lesions as a screening method alongside the pap smear. The correlation between the experience of examiner and accuracy of colposcopy results were not meaningful.

Formation of a retroperitoneal abscess after endometriosis laparoscopy is a rare complication, but if occurs, it may cause morbidity and mortality. Hematoma at the trocar site, if not detected during surgery, may cause retroperitoneal abscess. In this case, we have investigated and managed a specific case of retroperitoneal abscess after endometriosis laparoscopy. A 38-year-old female patient was diagnosed with extensive endometriosis and underwent laparoscopy. Four days after surgery, she experienced swelling and pain at the suprapubic trocar site. On the 11th day after surgery, the patient was referred due to abundant purulent secretions from the suprapubic trocar site and hospitalized. In the CT scan, there was a large collection in the pelvic extraperitoneal space of the Retzius space and the interior of the bladder, spreading to the paracolic gutters and the subhepatic area. Intramuscular meropenem and vancomycin were prescribed for treatment. Drainage of the above collection was done under ultrasound guidance. Three-hundred milliliters of pus was drained and an 8 French pigtail drain was placed percutaneously in the suprapubic area. 48 hours after discharge, the patient's fever stopped. After 14 days, purulent discharge from the drain stopped and the drain was removed. It seems that the correct techniques of trocar placement along with a complete understanding of the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall, as well as paying attention to the diagnosis of vascular damage at the site of the surgical trocar are effective in preventing hematoma at the laparoscopic port site and preventing subsequent potential complications.

Acute liver injury is a fatal syndrome that causes rapid loss of liver function. Crocin is the active ingredient of saffron with antioxidant, protective and anti-apoptotic properties. In this study, the protective effect of crocin was evaluated on the liver dysfunction in male laboratory mice.

In this experimental study, 28 male mice (20-24 g) were divided into control, liver damage, and two groups treated with crocin at doses of 50 or 200 mg/kg. liver damage was caused by the injection of lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine with doses of 50 microg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Crocin dissolved in distilled water was fed by gavage at 50 or 200 mg/kg, starting 3 days before and up to 1 hour before injury induction. 24 hours after injury induction, the mice were anesthetized with a mixture of 120 mg/kg ketamine and 10 mg/kg xylazine, and sacrificed in compliance with ethical rules after taking a blood sample from their hearts. liver markers including MDA, SOD, Cat, MPO, and TNF-α were measured. Data was analyzed with GraphPad Prism 9.3 software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests with significance level set at p<0.05.

Administration of crocin decreased serum levels of liver markers MDA, MPO, and TNF-α and increased SOD in crocin-treated groups as compared to the LPS/D-Gal group (p<0.05); Cat change was not significant (p>0.05).

Crocin with strong antioxidant activity was able to reduce liver dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

In order to investigate the effects of new drugs, we decided to investigate twelve new derivatives with the basic structure of spirooxindoles that were previously synthesized for antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer properties.

In this experimental study, we evaluated 12 spirooxyindole derivatives. The inhibitory effect of the compounds has been studied using broth microdilution method based on CLSI protocols on 16 different species of bacteria and fungi. Then, 6 compounds have been selected and their cytotoxicity effects on 2 cell lines MCF-7 and A-549 compared to doxorubicin have been investigated by MTT method. Excel 2013 software was used to perform statistical calculations of the results obtained from each experiment, and GraphPad Curve Expert 1.4 software was used to draw graphs and determine IC50 with a significance level of 0.05.

At the concentration range of 1-512 μg/ml, the synthesized derivatives were not able to inhibit the growth or death of the investigated fungi and bacteria. Only the compound I12 at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml was able inhibit the growth of MFC-7 cell line by 49.23%.

Due to the lack of effective effect of these compounds in inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi, for the optimal use of these compounds in the treatment of fungal and bacterial infections, it is necessary to make more changes on their structures. Cytotoxicity assay reveals that the presence of the bulky ester in the N position of the isatin ring as well as the CN attached to the pyridine ring has been beneficial in the effectiveness of these derivatives.

The aim of this study was to investigate, the protective effects of ginger extract and acetylcysteine were investigated on genotoxicity caused by sodium azide in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Sodium azide is known as a powerful genetic mutagen in various organisms including bacteria, plants, and animals, and is considered a genotoxic agent that widely affects many organisms.

In this experimental study, the hydroalcoholic extract of ginger (0.1, 0.5, and 1 µM) and acetylcysteine (50, 100, and 500 µM) were tested for their protective effects on genotoxicity caused by sodium azide in lymphocytes. The micronucleus method was used to analyze human blood samples. Data collected from the experiment were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism v8 statistical software, with P<0.05 considered as a significant level.

The results showed that sodium azide induces genotoxicity in human blood lymphocytes, causing the formation of micronuclei. Treatment of lymphocytes with different concentrations of acetylcysteine and ginger reduced the production of micronuclei in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a reduction in genotoxicity (p<0.05).

The study concluded that N-acetyl-cysteine, at concentrations of 100 and 500 µM, and ginger, at all doses, led to a dose-dependent reduction in genotoxicity. This suggests that N-acetyl-cysteine and compounds found in the ginger extract have high antioxidant power, enabling them to reduce the genetic toxicity caused by sodium azide.