نشریه مطالعات مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 53 (بهار 1402)

historical urban landscape as a type of cultural landscape suggests a new approach to the city in which the sustainable interaction of man and nature in the context of the historical city is of interest. Takab city as one of the cities of West Azarbaijan province, despite having a variety of scenic roads such as historical attractions, including the Takht Suleiman ancient complex, which is registered as the fourth historical monument of the country in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and natural roads such as Takht Suleiman Lake, Prison Mountain, Chamli Moving China and Having a number of hot and cold mineral water springs is not quite suitable in the field of biology and tourism.

This research was conducted based on the overall descriptive-analytical method. The method of data analysis using analytical software such as spss and the method of descriptive statistics of skewness and kurtosis and histogram chart to examine the components and variables using statistical analysis and correlation and index tests to analyze the obtained data. And the SWOT table has been used for the final analysis of information and data, the strengths and weaknesses of the collection.

The numerical value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which includes 25 questions of the questionnaire, is equal to 0.947, which shows that the questionnaire has acceptable and excellent reliability.

It is not impossible to achieve context-oriented design and coordination with the substrate, and even with the local model and the use of local materials, environmental factors can be considered in the designs. Historical values and their relationship with management methods in the face of restoration and architectural heritage, especially in historical periods, physical and spatial elements and its materials and materials were considered with regard to contextualism.

Due to the devastating effects of earthquakes, it is essential to understand the potential risks and develop strategies to minimize their impact. The aim of this research is to analyze the vulnerability of Ardabil City in Iran to the risk of earthquakes. The study focuses on the five regions of Ardabil City.

The research is applied and descriptive-analytical in methodology. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized for data analysis, which weighs four criteria and 19 sub-criteria. The information layers in Arc GIS software were combined together to produce a map of vulnerable areas.

The findings indicate that planning and land-use criteria are crucial factors in assessing the vulnerability of Ardabil City. The structural and natural criteria also play a role in the seismic vulnerability of the city. The study shows that the northern, northwestern, eastern, and central parts of Ardabil City are more vulnerable to the risk of earthquakes. Conversely, the southern part of the city is considered the most resistant.

The results indicate that nearly 30% of urban spaces have moderate to high vulnerability to earthquake risk, while around 50% are exposed to high vulnerability. This suggests that the physical structure of these areas is not suitable to manage a crisis caused by seismic activity. In conclusion, this research presents valuable insights into the risk of earthquakes in Ardabil City. The findings can inform the development of mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of earthquakes and protect the local community.

negative environmental consequences happened in the world, which is caused by the lack of proper attention to economic development and its impact on the natural environment. In this regard, there are different approaches related to green architecture that encourage designers to conserve energy, consider the local characteristics of the place, work with the users of the building and the surrounding communities, reduce the use of non-renewable resources, pay attention to the climate of the place, and be holistic. International standards in different countries have been developed based on these principles, among which we can refer to the LEED standard, which stands for Energy and Environmental Design Guide, and BREEAM, the building environmental quality assessment standard. The purpose of the current research is to compile BREEAM and LEED indicators on the improvement of schools with an ecological approach in secondary schools in the desert provinces of Iran.

Descriptive-analytical method is used to evaluate the components and the statistical population includes secondary schools in desert provinces, which schools and their users were randomly selected to answer the questionnaires.

The coefficient of impact of waste, materials and resources, pollution, management, transportation and water efficiency on the improvement of schools is positive and significant with an emphasis on ecological approaches. Among the parameters, water is the first priority, and water efficiency is the second priority, materials and resources are the third priority, energy and atmosphere are the fourth priority, and transportation is the fifth.

The results of the present study, based on exploratory factor analysis, show that BREEAM and LEED indicators are suitable for evaluating school improvements.

The purpose of this study was to present a model of startup business management in sports. Therefore, this research is based on the purpose of basic research and has been done in terms of collecting exploratory information using the foundation data theory method. The statistical population included experts, professors, managers, business owners, entrepreneurs, and sports consultants in the sports industry and targeted sampling method with snowball techniques. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, and the final pattern was extracted. The final model of the total conditions of causal (28 concepts and 2 categories), axial (33 concepts and 2 categories), substrates and fields (21 concepts and 2 categories), strategies (20 concepts and 2 categories), intervention (4 concepts and 1 category), and implications (17 concepts and 2 categories) manage business startup businesses in sport. The Kappa Cohen method was used to measure reliability and quality control. The kappa coefficient was calculated to equal to 0.789, which is located at a valid agreement level. According to the final pattern of research, the role of resources in business maturation is complex and is a function of how effective and effective use in the market ecosystem and company share.

Nowadays, due to the increase in population in Iran, high-rise residential buildings are expanding and it brings the dissatisfaction of the residents. The mental image of residents of high-rise buildings can affect the residents' feelings about the environment. The current research is fundamental in terms of its purpose; Because it seeks to present a mental image model in the evaluation of tall residential buildings.

In this regard, first, using the descriptive-analytical method, the definition of the concept of residence and its investigation in high-rise residential buildings, as well as the mental image, are discussed. Then, with a quantitative approach and using a questionnaire, it is measured which factors and in what dimensions are effective on the mental image in measuring high-rise residential buildings. The research data collection method is a combination of library studies (theoretical) and field studies and surveys based on questionnaires.

In the first step, the physical and psychological factors affecting the residents' mental image were investigated and identified using exploratory factor analysis. Then, in the second step, recognition of the contribution of the set of factors in explaining the variance of each item (table of commonalities) was done, and finally, in the third step, the total value of explained variance was presented.

The obtained results show that the mental image in high-rise buildings needs to be evaluated in two physical and psychological dimensions, and since the residents are more sensitive to their living place than urban spaces, two partial dimensions and general are also added to the evaluation model. Therefore, according to the examination of different models of the mental image, Echner and Ritchie's model with a slight change and removal of the third spectrum is the most consistent with the goals of the mental image in the evaluation of high-rise residential buildings, why in the functional-general dimensions And a partial function is used to examine physical factors, and psychological-general and psychological-partial dimensions are used to examine psychological factors.

Gestalt is defined as the psychological science of form and shape recognition, which appeared in Germany in the first half of the 20th century. This theory states that the human brain uses this method to understand complex subjects that are made up of various components. Summarize the components in the form of a single subject and obtain a general understanding of that subject at first. This theory is presented based on how the eye organizes visual experiences, which has had an impact in various fields of science, philosophy, and art.

In this research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical method, and its information was collected in a library manner, and its subject is within the scope of the author's professional experience and education, three posters by the artist Masoud Najabati, which are related to the subject In this research, appropriateness was selected and the written and visual information of the posters was studied based on the Gestalt theory. The present article, which has been made with the aim of familiarizing and the performance of each of these principles in art, specifically in poster design, has answered this question that the organization of text and image based on the above theory in the posters in question has visual characteristics.

Gestalt perceptual rules are widely used in the graphic design of these posters, and this shows that the designer's mind was automatically and unconsciously involved in these perceptual rules when creating his work. Also, the results show that the graphic designers of the sample posters have consciously or unconsciously used each of the organizing principles of Gestalt rules of visual perception in the design and composition of the visual elements of the poster (image and text).

The results of this research show that the organization in of similarity. The law of proximity, the law of the principle of overlap, the law of the principle of continuity, the law of the principle of integration, the law of the principle of common destiny can be studied and evaluated, and by applying these principles, the process of visual perception is formed.

It is not possible to implement comprehensive programs in the field of crisis management without the conscious participation of citizens, and it is necessary to plan with institutional capacity building and their empowerment in crises. In this regard, Tehran Municipality has started a popular and voluntary organization in the neighborhood house with the title of Durability and Safety House, so the purpose of this research is to provide a mathematical model to evaluate the performance of these Durability and Safety Houses affiliated with Tehran Municipality in order to promote community-oriented participation of citizens in crises.

The research method used in this research is applied in nature and its method is contextual-case. Also, a combination of two field and library methods has been used to collect data. In line with data analysis, the mathematical model of Rough Data Envelopment analysis has been used. Also, the statistical population of this research, in terms of examining the efficiency of durable and safe houses, includes 22 durable and safe houses, and in terms of determining the effective indicators in their selection, it includes 55 experts in crisis matters, and due to the limited nature of the society, all members of the society were considered as a statistical sample.

The findings indicate that among the 22 durability and safety houses investigated, 11 areas are efficient and the rest are ineffective.

Considering the central role of durability and safety houses and the participation of citizens in preventing the occurrence of crises, the need to stabilize and measure their performance and efficiency is of great importance. In this regard, it is necessary for the municipalities to cooperate as much as possible with the citizens and formulate coherent plans and implement them in durable and safe houses in order to reduce the scope of the crisis during and after it occurs.

The Challenges in the architectural profession and the designs made indicate the shortcomings and inefficiencies of architectural designing in coordination and alignment with society. Architectural designing, on the one hand, must be in accordance with modern needs and in harmony with modern architectural technology, and on the other hand, by taking advantage of vernacular features and values, must take steps to meet human needs in the environment. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to identify and Resuscitation the vernacular values ​​and their sub-components in architectural designing according to today's needs.

The research method in this research is experimental with analytical-descriptive approach and qualitative content analysis that has been used to collect information from library and field method. Society is 80 students of architecture design 3 of Tabriz University, which is from the Cochran method to determine the size of the sample, which is about 62 sample size.

The research findings indicate that vernacular values ​​affect architectural design, respectively, socio-cultural values, environmental values, physical values ​​- functional and economic values ​​are and the sub-components of observing neighborhood, as well as paying attention to customs are the most effective sub-components that.

According to the presented solutions, if vernacular values ​​and their sub-components are respected in architectural designs, we will witness the creation of architectural spaces compatible with the ruling values ​​of the society and the revival of national and regional identity.

Today, consumption has become one of the most important concepts of society, whose impact on urban life may be in the form of a kind of feeling, which makes a person belong to consumption and consumption space. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to investigate the discontinuity and confusion of contemporary Iranian architecture through cultural, political and social factors.

The research method of this research is qualitative-quantitative. And the current research strategy is descriptive-analytical, the method of collecting information is in the form of library and field studies with interview and questionnaire tools. Meanwhile, the results were analyzed using Spss software.

Architecture is an architectural show that is very popular and in which all the architectural elements have appeared only to show off and only as an imitation of other styles and architecture of other countries. without having anything to do with the original culture, identity and architectural patterns of its region. in a clear way like what has been revealed in our country and in today's society.

The results of the research showed that political and cultural factors after the revolution have strongly influenced the formation process of residential buildings in these areas, and year by year the face of these buildings has distanced itself from its native culture and identity and has moved towards the West and modernization. In this regard, the issue of globalization has not been without effect. In Iran and after the revolution, a special trend towards postmodern culture was formed, which is a direct result of globalization. Postmodern culture is in opposition to macro narratives and changes the identity from the macro form to relative, micro, local and regional identities, which are formed in the form of cultural mixing in the contemporary world of global culture. Therefore, the non-western world cultures, which still lack theoretical creation, show the existential problems of western thought, which is clearly visible in the buildings of these regions.

Undoubtedly, the performance of urban managers, especially in a metropolis such as Tehran Municipality, will have a wide impact on the human force of this organization and on the stakeholders, including citizens, contractors of projects and government organizations, and others who interact with this organization. . The selection of competent managers will lead to the effective performance of employees and organizations. Considering the importance of competency models in the selection of successful and effective managers and the prominent role of Tehran Municipality in urban management, the aim of the current research is to design the competence model of Tehran Municipality managers.

qualitative approach and theme analysis method were used in this research. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 12 university experts and managers with municipal experience.

After coding the implemented interviews, 10 themes were extracted which were the necessary competencies for managers. These 10 themes were classified into two general categories of general and specific competencies. General competencies include professional ethics, cognitive skills, change management, and data management, and specific competencies include communication skills, individual capabilities, specialized knowledge and skills, problem solving skills, people leadership, and performance management.

According to the competencies extracted in this research, it is recommended that urban managers in Tehran Municipality be evaluated and selected based on these competencies and the development of the competencies of managers should always be considered by the Tehran Municipality.