فصلنامه مطالعات امنیت اجتماعی
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 73، بهار 1402)

The present research was conducted aimed at sociological study of women's security feeling in Tehran city.

The research was carried out using grounded theory. The under study population includes women who are housewives, working, 18+, married and single women in Tehran. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, and after conducting 24 interviews, data saturation was achieved. Data analysis has been conducted using open, axial and selective triple coding method.

The analysis of the participants' experiences regarding the security feeling led to the identification and extraction of 664 open codes, 64 central codes and 27 selective codes, which were included in the form of a paradigm model including: causal conditions, background conditions, intervening conditions and strategies.

In general, the results indicate that several factors such as providing social security, providing security and urban health, providing security in familiar areas and a sense of belonging to the environment, providing social health, improving the cultural and moral level of society, eliminating economic inequalities contribute to creating security feeling. Also, issues that pave the ground for creating security feeling on the part of women are: social surveillance, training and informing citizens about their social rights, establishing justice-oriented laws, ensuring justice and economic equality, cultural development, eliminating gender gaps, creating suitable urban structures and ensuring the citizens’   psycho-social health. Also, public support and participation, social surveillance, existence of commercial centers, training women with regard to defense capabilities, appropriate economic status and observance of women's social rights are among the interfering conditions in the emergence of security feeling on the part of women. As far as strategies of women's security feeling are concerned, one may refer to strategies such as economic development of neighborhoods, social health, which enhance women’s social interaction.

Nowadays, as a result of the emergence of newly emerging social harms of cyberspace and their rising growth, along with the growth and expansion of modern technologies, the society has faced many issues and problems. The present research is aimed at analyzing the impact of cyberspace harms on the social security feeling. In terms of purpose, it is an applied survey, in terms of scope is extensive, in terms of scope is small, and in terms of time is a cross-sectional survey.

The research method used is of descriptive, survey and correlation type. The statistical population includes 153,482 persons over 18 years of age in Bushehr city, of which 383 persons were selected as the sample size based on Cochran's formula. Cluster sampling method and self-made questionnaire were the tools for data collection. Face validity was used to measure validity, and the alpha value of cyberspace harms is 0.878 and social security feeling is 0.920, which have the required reliability. The resulting data have been analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (via using the structural equation model test).

The findings indicated that cyberspace’s family harms have a significant adverse impact on the security feeling (-0.21), cyberspace compatibility harms have a significant adverse impact on the security feeling (-0.29), cyberspace moral harms have a significant adverse impact on the security feeling (-0.20). The cyberspace psychological harms have a significant adverse impact on the social security feeling (-0.22).

The results indicated that cyberspace harms while threatening citizens' safety, may hinder their social health. Therefore, policymakers and officials should make attempts to refine the contents of social netwo

One of the most common psychological and social harms in today's societies is internet addiction. In order to solve this problem and the harms emanated from it, identifying and controlling the effective and related factors is essential. In this regard, the present study is aimed at investigating the relationship between Internet addiction and cultural intelligence and basic psychological needs through the cognitive regulation of emotion among women.

The present research is of applied type and is among descriptive-correlational researches. The statistical population included all the female students of women’s Police University in Tehran in 2021, among them, according to Stevens (1977), 300 persons were selected as a sample group using the available sampling method, those who were selected filled in Young’s internet addiction questionnaires (1988) Ganiyeh’s basic psychological needs (2003), Garnefski et al.’s cognitive emotion regulation (2001) and Ang et al. (2004) cultural intelligence questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis using AMOS22 software.

The proposed research model had a good fit (RMSEA = 0.035). Cultural intelligence and basic psychological needs had a positive relationship with emotion regulation (with standard coefficients of 0.9 and 10, respectively), and cognitive regulation of emotion had a negative relationship with Internet addiction (standard coefficient of -0.84). Accordingly, cognitive emotion regulation mediated the relationship between cultural intelligence and basic psychological needs with Internet addiction (P<0.05).

In order to reduce internet addiction among women, measures should be taken in line with enhancing cultural intelligence and meeting their basic psychological needs via holding training courses and  providing in-person , offline and online psychological services (in the Police University).

Antiquarianism, as one of the cultural currents of Iranians, has emerged in the Iranian environment since the Qajar era; and has continued until today. Nowadays, Iran is facing the conflict, and the representation of the dual discourse of Islam - antiquity, which can be seen in the cyberspace, e.g. the Facebook channel of the Pars Gulf. This discourse shows that Iranian culture and Islamic culture are incompatible and in contradiction with each other, and that the latter is the source and basis of the ruin and decline of the former. Apart from the reasons for this representation and its political consequences, the present article aims to examine the way this discourse affects order and social security.

The research utilized descriptive-analytical method and qualitative content analysis technique. Linguistic data collection has been done by a combined purposeful sampling method (stratified and desirable). The documents (photos, videos, writings) uploaded in this channel in 2018 have been the statistical population of the research.

The dual discourse of ancient-Islam promotes several linguistic and cognitive practices such as categorization, transformation, retrospection, and framing.

These actions and characteristics fuel the cultural devaluation, the building resistance identity and the cultivation of depressed selves and the atmosphere of redundancy of dialogue, and in this way they can destroy the foundations of social  and policing security, such as social prevention, psychological security of society, religiosity, mental well-being, friendly and affectionate and people's cooperation and so on; and drag the  prospective society towards aggressive political actions and aggressions aimed at  jeopardizing  and eliminating security.

  The element of security and providing peace in the society is the most important element for the progress, development and flourishing of the talents of a society, and social development and creativity will be impossible in the absence of the security of the place. Also, one of the main components contributing to the vitality of urban spaces is to enhance the security component in it. The present research aims to comprehensively assess the various dimensions of security in informal settlements and examine the views of two groups of residents of these areas and external observers.

To achieve this goal, three generations of crime prevention approach through spaces’ design have been used. The first generation has 5 components and 44 indicators; the second generation has 4 components and 22 indicators; and the third generation has 4 components and 13 indicators. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed for all these components and their indicators, and the reliability and validity of all components and indicators were measured and implemented in the target areas, which included the informal settlements of Nasim Shahr. The sample size in the first and the second group were 394 and 25, respectively.

The results of the research indicated that there is a significant difference between the opinions of internal residents and external observers regarding security in the under study area in most of the research indicators, in such a way that the dominant opinion of the residents indicates the favorable security situation and the dominant opinion of the observers evokes the unfavorable security situation in these areas.

The results of this research show the different views of the two groups - observers and residents- regarding the security component in the informal settlement areas of Nasim Shahr and  in general, in the informal settlement areas.

The legislator of the Islamic Republic of Iran has also considered these important developments from among the regulations regarding the defense rights of the accused; and paying attention  to and supporting the accused from the very beginning of the criminal process (crime detection) has been taken into consideration by the legislator. Being influenced by international paradigm of fair trial and using comparative studies by adopting new approaches from the investigative procedure system, the law of criminal procedure has moved away from the preliminary investigation stage. Maintaining security and respecting citizens’ rights followed by meeting the basic human needs is of primary importance.

Given the nature of the subject and the intended goals, the present research is of qualitative type and descriptive and analytical in terms of method and is based on explanation, expression, description and reasoning based on the materials extracted from the sources.

It will not be possible to establish criminal justice unless one holds a fair trial based on providing the right to petition and defense for the accused; because disregarding the defense rights of the accused and not respecting them may lead to the guilt of the innocent and the freedom of the criminal persons. That is to say, the measures taken to restore the disturbance in the public order and security and prevent the violation of the rights of the members of the society, have adverse consequences and lead to disturbance of order and violation of citizens’ rights.

Protecting the rights of the accused in the under-review period in the criminal system and social rights are closely related to each order, because the protection of these rights is aimed to preserve the dignity, personality and social position of the accused in the law and society and prevent the destruction of the personality and high human status of people, and finally brings about social security for the citizens.

The issue of security is among the individual’s most basic vital and social needs. In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic, defending social security is one of the most important rights of citizens, and the police is formed with the aim of creating, promoting and maintaining social security. The present research aims to investigate and analyze the factors affecting social security feeling in Bushehr province.

The present research is of applied type in terms of purpose and of quantitative type in terms of nature of the data. The statistical population of the research includes 326,096 people who are 18+ in the cities of Bushehr province, and the sample size is 396 people. The research was conducted using survey method and the questionnaire technique. The stratified sampling method is disproportionate to the volume and SPSS/23 was utilized for data analysis.

Data analysis indicates that the level of social security feeling in Bushehr province is at an average level with upward tendency. Among the dimensions of social security, the moral security feeling has the highest average and the financial security feeling has the lowest average. The citizens of” Jam” and “Borazjan” have had the highest and lowest level of security feeling, respectively. There is a significant statistically difference between the variables: gender, education level, age group, marital status, employment status, where they live, and the respondents’ security feeling. There is a direct and meaningful relationship between the level of control of social order and discipline by the police and the individual’s subjective evaluation of his/her social base with the level of their social security feeling. There is an inverse and significant relationship between the variable of the relative deprivation feeling and the level of social security feeling. There is no significant relationship between the level of social media use and the level of social security feeling.

Given the obtained results, it is essential for the police to hold specialized seminars and conferences concentrating on the issue of social security while experts and citizens are in attendance, emphasizing on the cities wherein security feeling is estimated at a low level. Using electronic tools such as CCTV cameras and surveillance and remote control systems could be the basis for improving social security feeling. Organizing informal police, neighborhood police, preparation of brochures and booklets containing security tips will play a significant role in enhancing citizens’ awareness and improving social security feeling.