نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 113، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1402)

Positive psychology aims to identify factors that increase mental health and well-being. Positive education uses positive psychology to enhance learners' health, well-being, happiness, and flourishing. Identifying positive education goals and integrating them with brain-based learning and using them in educational and rehabilitation centers will increase learners' health, well-being, and growing.

This qualitative research is done by documentary method and systematic review and analyzed by content analysis technique. The research community includes published and digital resources associated with positive education, positive psychology, and brain-based learning. The findings were collected through purposive sampling using note-taking tools, with the keyword of Positive Psychology, Positive Education, and Brain-based learning by using books and valid scientific sites like Elsevier, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct from 2000 to 2021. The data were analyzed using inductive content analysis and its validity was calculated by the Content Validity Ratio. 

The obtained goals included five main categories of purposefulness, morality, identity, increasing skills and emotions, and sixteen subcategories.

The results showed that the use of these goals, considering the effect of positive education in preventing and treating emotional problems, increasing mental health, reducing depression and suicide, achieving academic progress and learning, increasing coping with stress, self-efficacy and hope, improves well-being and reduces mental difficulties.

Regarding to high prevalence of anxiety disorders and importance of emotional regulation in these disorders, the present study aimed to comparing the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and Barlow transdiagnostic treatment on cognitive emotion regulation in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

The statistical community of this study consisted of all patients with clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder referred to consultancy centers of Mashhad-Iran in 2020-2021. Among them, 45 patients were selected by the convenient sampling method and divided into three groups randomly (metacognitive therapy, and Barlow transdiagnostic treatment, and the control group). The experimental groups received treatment in 8 ninety-minute sessions. The research instruments included the Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The data were analyzed through the descriptive statistics, Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, Mauchely sphericity test, and covariance analysis.     

The findings revealed that both interventions reduced difficulty in emotional regulation significantly, but the transdiagnostic treatment had higher effect size than metacognitive treatment (0.449 vs 0.141).

The present study showed that both treatment approaches of metacognitive therapy and transdiagnostic treatment can significantly reduce difficulty in emotional regulation in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, although transdiagnostic treatment has more effectiveness than metacognitive therapy.

Although there is a close relationship between psoriasis and psychological issues, including affective temperaments, few studies have addressed this association. This study aimed to assess the affective temperament profile in chronic plaque psoriasis patients.

This cross-sectional study was conducted at the dermatology outpatient clinic of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, during 2018-2019. In the present study, 40 psoriasis patients and 40 healthy sex- and age-matched volunteers were participated. The research instruments included Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). The t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests were used to compare nominal and categorical variables. Spearman's and Pearson's tests were used to evaluate correlations.

Overall, 36 out of 80 (45%) were male. Depressive, cyclothymic, and anxious temperaments were significantly more prominent in the psoriasis group (P< 0.001), while the hyperthymic score was notably higher in the control group (P= 0.023). There was no significant correlation between disease severity (PASI score) and different affective temperaments. The duration of psoriasis involvement had moderate negative correlations with all affective temperaments (P< 0.05) except for hyperthymic temperament. The prevalence of anxiety (80% vs. 30%; P< 0.001) and depression (60% vs. 32.5%; P= 0.009) were significantly higher in psoriasis patients compared with the controls.

It seems that cyclothymic, depressive, anxious temperaments, as well as anxiety, and depression were more prevalent in psoriasis patients. However, these were not correlated with the disease severity.

 Obsessive-compulsive disorder is the fourth psychiatric disorder that reduces the quality of life. Therefore, it is important to investigate the causes of the formation and persistence of these symptoms. The main goal of this study is to predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms based on attachment styles through the mediating role of health anxiety.

The present study used descriptive-correlational and path analysis. The statistical population of this study includes Iranian adults, of which 370 people were selected as the research sample by the convenient sampling method. Data were collected online using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Scale (Y-BOCS), Collins and Reed Attachment Styles (RAAS), and Health Anxiety Scale (HAI-18). Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and path analysis using SPSS software version 26 and AMOS version 24 were used in analyzing data.

A significant correlation has been observed (P< 0.01) between the styles of secure attachment (r= -0.10), anxiety attachment (r= 0.28), avoidant attachment (r= -0.20), and health anxiety (r= 0.42) with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. In addition, the results of Bootstrap indicate that the mediating role of health anxiety in the relationship between anxiety insecurity and avoidance insecure attachment styles with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms is significant (P= 0.001). 

 Based on the findings, insecure anxiety, and insecure avoidance attachment styles are able to not only predict the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms by interacting with health anxiety but also, they do affect it.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral disorders in children. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of the positive parenting program on parenting stress and tolerance of emotional disturbance in mothers with ADHD children.

In the present study, among all the mothers with ADHD children who referred to two psychological clinics in Mashhad city-Iran in 2021-2022, 30 cases were selected by the convenient sampling method and randomly divided into equal experimental group and control group. The experimental group received a positive parenting program during eight weekly sessions, while the controls were assigned to a waiting list. The mothers completed Abidin's Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Simons and Gaher's Emotional Disturbance Tolerance (DTS) in the pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using multiple covariance analysis (MANCOVA) in SPSS version 22 software.

The results showed that the positive parenting program reduced parenting stress and increased emotional disturbance tolerance significantly compared to the controls (P< 0.001). 

It seems that positive parenting program improves parenting stress and emotional disturbance tolerance in mothers with ADHD children.

The present study investigated and compared positive verbal and non-verbal behaviors with emotional partner during three periods of engagement, official engagement, and post-marriage.

The population of this cross-sectional study comprised all girls and boys in Hamadan city-Iran, who were within their period of engagement, official engagement, or post-marriage in 2021. One-hundred fifty individuals (50 cases in each period) were selected through a convenient stratified sampling method. They responded to the researcher-made scale of verbal and non-verbal behaviors. Data analyzed by t-test, one-way analysis of variance, LSD post hoc test, and SPSS software version 25. 

The results of the one-way variance analysis indicated that positive verbal (P< 0.001, F= 128.045) and non-verbal (P< 0.001, F= 46.416) behaviors changed significantly in all three periods. The results also demonstrated significant changes in the positive verbal and non-verbal behaviors of both boys (verbal: P< 0.001, F= 66.39, non-verbal: P< 0.001, F= 20.106) and girls (verbal: P< 0.001, F= 59.88, non-verbal: P< 0.001, F= 31.48) during the periods. Also, the positive verbal and non-verbal behaviors experience a downward trend in both sexes as the relationship moves from engagement to marriage. The results showed that there seems to be no significant difference between boys and girls in verbal and non-verbal behaviors (verbal: P> 0.001, t= 231, non-verbal: P> 0.001, t= -184).

According to the results, it seems that verbal and non-verbal behaviors are more positive during the engagement period, and they decrease as the relationship moves toward marriage.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of group schema therapy based on acceptance and commitment on sexual self-esteem and marital burnout of women undergoing dialysis.

The research statistical population consisted of all married dialysis women who referred to Khorasan Razavi Dialysis Patients Support Association in 2021-2022. The statistical sample comprised 30 married women undergoing dialysis in Mashhad, who were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The data were obtained through the Sexual Self-Esteem ‎Index for Woman-Short Form (SSEI-W-SF) and Couple Burnout Measure (CBM). The experimental group participated in group schema therapy based on acceptance and commitment for 10 sessions of 120 minutes while the control group did not receive any type of intervention. Factorial repeated measures analysis of variance was used for data analysis.

The results of repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the variables of sexual self-esteem and marital burnout in the posttest and follow-up (P< 0.05).

It seems that group schema therapy based on acceptance and commitment increases sexual self-esteem and reduces marital burnout in women undergoing dialysis.

Having a child with leukemia is a major challenge for the mother, which can affect her personal and marital life. For this reason, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy on resilience and marital adjustment of mothers with children who have leukemia.

The study population consisted of mothers with children who have leukemia in the oncology ward of Ayatollah Madani Hospital in Khorramabad-Iran in 2020-21. Of the 50 volunteers, 20 who received the lowest scores in the scales (Connor Richardson Resilience and Spinner Marital Adjustment) were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. Data analyzed using the MANCOVA test and SPSS-25 software.

The results of covariance analysis revealed that group counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy had a positive and significant effect on the resilience and marital adjustment of the subjects in the experimental group (P< 0.05), with 79.9% of the changes being explained by the treatment.

Considering the effectiveness of group counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy, therapists can use this treatment model to reduce the harm caused by the child's disease.