نشریه مطالعات دین، معنویت و مدیریت
پیاپی 18 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

The culture of protection is the source of building the IRGC's institutional identity. By recognizing and providing the requirements for institutionalizing the culture of protection, the IRGC can adopt the right strategies and implement targeted and effective measures that this research seeks to discover. The present study is qualitative research and uses the method of content analysis with the help of MAXQDA software to answer the research questions so that the codes identified with single words were described and after their interpretation, were clustered and finally were placed under a comprehensive theme. Accordingly, 39 descriptive codes and 27 interpretive codes were enumerated in the form of 11 comprehensive themes. The statistical population is a combination of university professors and commanders, managers and experts of the executive and scientific fields who have been selected in a targeted manner. Eleven interviews provided the saturation condition. The results of this study showed that strengthening the thinking of the Revolutionary Guards, strengthening the supervisory role of the field of representation, participation of managers and commanders, participation of the Revolutionary Guards, preparation of a comprehensive strategic plan, planning for the Revolutionary Guards, establishing organizational justice, empowering human resources training centers, bringing the necessary facilities, a general agreement on the concept of protection culture, and the formation of teams to observe cultural issues are among the requirements of institutionalization in the IRGC.

Different industries have no choice but to improve business performance and gain a sustainable competitive advantage in order to be safe from the violent waves of environmental change and to adapt to competitive requirements. One of the new management methods that has a significant impact on the sustainable performance of the business is the 5S, which reduces waste in the workplace, thereby creating a better workplace, better communication and general cleanliness in the organization. Therefore, new management practices such as grooming should be localized, and the cultural potentials of communities should be used to achieve better results. People who remain faithful to their religion and beliefs tend to be social, self-controlled, responsible, and compassionate. In religious culture, too, there are teachings to which the system of adornment is compatible. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and examines the effect of religious beliefs on the sustainable performance of business in companies located in industrial towns of Fars province with the mediating role of the 5S. In terms of data collection, field, in terms of method, is descriptive research and in terms of time is cross-sectional research. The statistical population of the study is 1273 industrial managers in industrial towns of Fars province, of which 297 people were selected by stratified random sampling. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and LISREL (8.8.). According to the research results, paying attention to the religious teachings and culture of the employees is effective in accepting and implementing the grooming system and achieving sustainable performance of companies.

Identifying the principles of Mosque management is pre-requisite for designing the management pattern of Mosque. The aim of this paper is the identification of principles that direct the management methods in Mosques by keeping their popularity. Fifteen principles have been offered in this paper in two major areas: fundamental and functional. Islamic sources like the Qur'an and Hadith and the Sira (Prophet's lifestyle) were studied, and their relevant concepts were extracted and conceptualized. Access to the concepts in the conceptual model is based on logical analysis of texts and in viewpoint of theorizing is based on systemic imagination. Validation and verification of extracted model were done by Delphi method. This paper identified jurisprudence-orientation, holiness-orientation, sincerity-orientation, refinement-orientation, tradition-orientation and clean finance as the indicators of fundamental principles. Unification, Imam-orientation, voluntarism, multi-functionalism, people-orientation, meritocracy, regularity, prayer-orientation and knowledge-orientation are indicators of functional principles. In experts' viewpoint, fundamental principles are important along with functional principles. Compliance with these principles through training, promotion and discourse-making for maximum attraction and preserving popular Mosques formation is of main suggestions of this article.

The purpose of this study was to identify and explore educational leadership strategies in the conduct (Sira) of Imam Mohammad Baqir (AS) based on the prior model of Wisdom, Intelligence, and Creativity Synthesized (WICS). The method of this research is a qualitative type of historical content analysis as a case study in the educational leadership of Imam Baqir (AS), with a documentary method and its interpretive approach with the aim of practical applications in educational leadership in the education and higher education system. After examining the validity of historical documents about the life of Imam Baqir (AS) regarding educational leadership and carefully studying the required information and taking notes from first and secondhand sources, as well as consulting with experts and professors, first 55 strategies and finally 21 main strategies of educational leadership were summarized based on research principles and concepts. The findings of this study can solve some of the needs of educational leadership in the field of behavior and personality of an educational leader in the present age especially in Islamic societies.

Organization is a complex phenomenon that is difficult to understand its various aspects. The use of metaphorical recognition method in the area of organization and management studies has been a response to this need. None of the expressed metaphors is free of ontological presuppositions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and classify organizational metaphors from an ontological point of view. The method of this research is argumentative – interpretive in nature, and it uses the typology method and document review, in which the types are formed based on induction and by choosing appropriate conceptual labels. In this way, the metaphors expressed about the organization were collected and studied with an inductive approach and analyzed based on their type of view on the existence of the organization. Then, the metaphors were adapted according to the ontological assumptions deduced from them with the paradigms presented in the literature. By clarifying the ontology of the mentioned metaphors, it is possible to open the way for new metaphors, especially regarding Islamic ontology, and secondly, prevent new metaphors from falling into the trap of this tautology or eclecticism.

The present study aims to explain behavior management of employees in organizations in charge of poverty alleviation according to the Imam Ali’s (AS) speeches and behavior as a model of morality in Islamic society. To this aim, the relevant codes were compiled using theme analysis in the form of behavioral, political, cultural, economic, and distributive justice after studying Nahj al-Balagha and examining Imam Ali’s (AS) speeches and behavior and confirming by experts. Then, the obtained codes were adapted to the performance of employees in the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee as an institution in charge of poverty alleviation. The present study is considered as descriptive correlational and practical in terms of methodology and objective, respectively. The population included employees of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Tehran province (N=500). In the next procedure, 217 people were studied based on Cochran's formula. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0/839 was achieved in terms of reliability. SPSS software and one-sample t-test were used to examine the relationship between the indicators. Based on the results, among the main components of ethical performance inspired by the Imam Ali’s (AS) speeches and behavior, economic and cultural justices were at the desired level, while behavioral, political, and distributive justices fail to have a good status in this organization.

The lack of "Descriptive Models of Human Behavior" (DMHB) is one the oldest anomalies in behavioral sciences, especially Organizational Behavior Management. On one side, various sciences demand this kind of behavior model; on the other side, modeling the behavior is as problematic as understanding human internal situations and environmental complexity. DMHBs are significant because they have multi-disciplinary usage (economics, ergonomics, social psychology, management, etc.), and DMHBs are the necessary foundations for developing prescriptive techniques in controlling and directing human behavior. In this paper, we developed a new model of human behaviors. Objectivity acceptance explains the causes of some kinds of human decisions and behaviors. This model recognized and explained through deep studies of Quran and the scientific literature of DMHB. In this research, Quran is the source of ideas to find DMHB; moreover the guide of explaining DMHB. This paper tried to explain the model in a scientific standard structure as the "Ideal Type of DMHB". In addition, its relation to other renowned theories was discussed. The basic methodology and all the steps of this research in preparing, organizing text, studying, documentation, coding, abstraction, and conclusions were based on qualitative content analysis. Therefore, the "validity" and "trustworthiness" of research are obtained by three criteria "credibility", "dependability", and "transferability".

The reading of cultural issues as well as the type of solutions depends on the presuppositions and preconceptions of the cultural policy maker. Not paying attention to the differences in cultural and social presuppositions and contexts leads to policy inefficiency (Matarasoo and Landry, 1999). When there is a confusion in the issue of policy making, it means that the theoretical foundations have not been analyzed well and may not even be fundamentally responsive to the new conditions. Therefore, in how to deal with these foundations and what methods are considered for selection, Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics as one of the most important and outstanding theoretical achievements, includes indications that, by referring to it, clarify the issue of cultural policy and gives quality improvement. In this regard, by using the theme analysis method, first the key concepts of philosophical hermeneutics are examined and extracted, and then, while paying attention to some of the main steps of the policy making process, a matrix is formed, and each step is in one column and each key concept in placed in one row of the matrix. Finally, one of the most important implications of Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics in cultural policy making is the concept of "hermeneutic situation makers", which shows the presuppositions, preconceptions, and conscious and unconscious choices that are made in the stages before political choices had formed understandings

The authority, legitimacy and balanced and sustainable progress of countries depends on the cooperation and participation of the people in various issues and affairs. In order to enhance their legitimacy and authority, and to attract the cooperation and participation of the people, governments must inevitably gain the trust of the people and be trusted by the people. The current research is a fundamental and qualitative research that was conducted using a systematic database strategy. By analyzing the data based on the open, central and selective coding method, 127 concepts and 14 categories have been counted. The findings of the current research show that God-oriented, justice-oriented and people-oriented concepts together can lead to people's trust in the political system and rulers. Also, the political culture of society is the foundation of political trust, and the components of the support of managers and conspiracy of enemies are interfering factors. In addition, by adopting the strategies of reform and supervision, service delivery and meritocracy, the rules can provide reasons for maintaining and promoting political trust, and achieve the consequences of political trust, i.e. the survival of the government and growth and development. Considering that Nahj al-Balagheh is one of the original sources of Islamic culture and is compatible with the native culture of Iran, attention, concentration and planning to improve the components of the current research can improve peoples trust in the system and the government.

Worldview, or in other words, the type of reception, perception and feeling about existence and the surrounding environment, has fundamental differences in the approach of Islam and the West, which creates differences in the mission of organizations in the two approaches. The purpose of this study was to explain and compare worldview assumptions in the Islamic approach and current Western approaches and its application in organization and management. In this regard, initially, Islamic worldview was compared with Western worldview based on the assumptions of epistemology, ontology, anthropology, methodology and axiology, and then its application in organization and management were presented and finally the conclusion is made. To achieve this goal, the explanatory-analytical method and data collection tools of documentary type have been used. Based on the studies and comparisons made, it was found that the Islamic and Western worldviews have radical differences in these assumptions, and it is these differences that have caused the views of the world and the environment and finally the type of view of Islamic and Western organization and management to be different. Accordingly, the Islamic management model can only be possible based on the Islamic worldview, and a contradiction in the type of worldview and the way of management can have adverse consequences for the organization.

Currently, the philosophers of ethics are more concerned with issues and affairs that are the focus of crises and practical problems of ethics. Applied ethics is a field of ethics that is closely related to the management and challenges of running organizations. In this research paper, the descriptive pattern of decision making in ethical challenges in the field of management is explained by using the implication research method and thematic analysis method. Therefore, four types of ethical challenges have been identified which are obtained by combining the two factors of that difficulty (vs. ease) and complexity (vs. simplicity). Research findings showed that the difficulty of making decisions in ethical challenges, rather than depending on the difficulty or ease of decision making, it comes from the complexity or simplicity of knowing the right decision. The difficulty of decision – making is also caused by the concern for jeopardizing the individual interests of the decision maker, so managers should try to turn complex and difficult challenges into simple and easy ones.

Maturity is generally explained by age growth and human evolution from childhood to adulthood. Chris Argyris considers a mature being as a person who goes through the stages of maturity from infancy to childhood and from childhood to adolescence and then to adulthood. At this stage, she/he is active, independent, self-aware with deep interests and capable of a wide range of behaviors with a long-term perspective. Although having these traits was necessary for growth, it was never sufficient. In this study, the researcher aware of the theories of maturity and through analyzing the data obtained from Al-Muttaqīn sermon (the pious sermon) by interpretive phenomenology method and using coding strategy, discovered nineteen basic concepts and seven important categories, i.e. "struggle with selfishness", "honesty and integrity", "self-assessment", "moderation", "endurance", "reasonable life" and "science and religion" from the words of Imam Ali (AS) and then discussed them. These categories are coherent dimensions of moral virtues for the full development of human beings during adulthood.