نشریه روان پرستاری
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 56، خرداد و تیر 1402)

Despite the negative consequences of breast cancer, such as body image concern, many women experience positive changes after diagnosis. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effective components in these consequences; therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of self-compassion and shame in predicting post-traumatic growth (PTG) and body image concern in breast cancer patients.

The research method is a descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of this research was all women with breast cancer referred to Kosar Hospital in Karaj city in 2022. For this purpose, 150 of these people were selected by convenience sampling method, taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria and answered the Self-Compassion Scale, Body Image Concern Inventory, Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, and Post Traumatic Growth Inventory. After collecting the questionnaires, the collected data were analyzed using (SPSS- 24), Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis simultaneously.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between self-compassion and post-traumatic growth (p<0.01). There is a negative and significant correlation between self-compassion and body image concern (p<0.01). There is a negative and significant correlation between shame and post-traumatic growth (p<0.01). There is a positive and significant correlation between shame and body image concern (p<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that 71% of the variance of post-traumatic growth and 61.4% of the variance of body image concern is explained by self-compassion and shame.

The results of this study showed that focusing on self-compassion after traumatic experiences can be effective in predicting post-traumatic growth and reducing body image concerns. Also, the activation of body shame has a negative effect on PTG and body image. Interventions based on SC and reducing body shame in future research can probably improve body image concerns and help increase PTG.

In addition to causing psychological problems, traumatic events can also bring positive changes. Therefore, in order to investigate the significant difference in people's reactions to traumatic life experiences, it is very important to know the important psychological mechanisms; therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of resilience, mentalization and alexia in predicting the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth in in COVID-19 Survivors.

The method of this research is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this research included people who survived the corona disease in Kermanshah city. For this purpose, 380 of these people were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the post-traumatic growth questionnaire (PTGI), PCL-C questionnaire, resilience scale, Reflective Functioning Questionnaire and Toronto alexithymia Scale.

The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between resilience, the confidence component of mentalization and post-traumatic stress disorder (P<0.01). There is a positive and significant relationship between resilience, the confidence component of mentalization and post-traumatic growth (P<0.01). There is a positive and significant relationship between Alexithymia and post-traumatic stress disorder (P<0.01). There is a negative and significant relationship between Alexithymia and post-traumatic growth (P<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that 683.9% of the variance of post-traumatic disorder and 74.8% of the variance of post-traumatic growth are explained by resilience, mentalization and Alexithymia.

The results of the research showed that it is important to focus on two dimensions of negative and positive reactions to the corona disease and the role of important mechanisms involved in it. In other words, the findings showed that resilience, mentalization and alexithymia can predict symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth in in COVID-19 Survivors

People with autism spectrum disorder have sensory abnormalities in addition to social interactions, communication skills, limited interests and stereotyped behaviors. Therefor the present study conducted with the aim of development of an integrated program of sensory rehabilitation based on vibroacoustic and virtual reality and its effectiveness on the profile of auditory, in children with autism spectrum disorder.

In this study a single- subject research methodology was used. On this account and by using purposive sampling method, 5 children among all autistic children who referred to Zehnara rehabilitation center in the second half of 1400 were selected according to entry criteria of the study. After confirming the external validity of the integrated sensory rehabilitation program through the preliminary implementation of the intervention on two subjects who were randomly selected from the sample and taking into account the results of this stage, the integrated rehabilitation program was implemented on the other three subjects. Having attended 4 base line session, every child received integrated program of sensory rehabilitation in 10 sessions. One month after intervention, four test sessions were followed. The tool used in this research to collect the data include: Sensory profile 2.

The results of the data chart analysis based on descriptive statics and visual analysis indices revealed that the intervention has been effective on the five participants (Sort by PND: 70, 90, 80, 90 & 100 for subjects 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5).

The results of the present study show that integrated program of sensory rehabilitation based on vibroacoustic and virtual reality can improve the auditory processing of Autistic children and can be used as a method in the rehabilitation centers

Nurses have an undeniable role in the health system and the improvement of health services in the country has always been done by strengthening aspects related to nursing. In this regard, the present research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of nurses' empathy-based intervention on empathy, managing pro-social behavioral tendencies, and violent acts of patients.

The current study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research consisted of nurses in the 6th district hospitals of Tehran city in 2019. Among these, 40 nurses were selected using the available sampling method and randomly placed in experimental and control groups. The research tools consisted of the scale of empathy benefit (Baron-Cohen & Wheelwright, 2004), the prosocial behavior tendency scale (Baumsteiger & Siegel, 2019), and the scale of attitude toward the management of aggression and violence (Duxbury, 2013). Intervention based on empathy was provided in 10 sessions for participants in the experimental group. Data analysis was done using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS24 software.

The results showed that the empathy-based intervention on empathy significantly increases empathy, prosocial behavioral tendencies, mutual perspective, external perspective, biological perspective, and understanding of clinical management in nurses (P<0.001). Also, 72% of the total variances of the intervention and control groups are caused by the effect of the independent variable.

Based on the findings of the present research, it can be stated that empathy is an effective structure in the efficiency of nurses. In this regard, intervention based on empathy can lead to an increase in empathy, an increase in the desire to perform pro-social behaviors, and an improvement in the attitude towards the management of patients' aggression and violence in nurses, which can ultimately lead to positive results for health systems. brought nurses and patients at different psychological, social, economic, and even physical levels.

The understanding of the psychological characteristics of cosmetic surgery applicants can help in various programs to prevent and treat the psychological problems of these patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of cognitive regulation of emotion, mindfulness and cognitive fusion in predicting body image concern in women applying for cosmetic surgery.

The method of this research is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all women referred to cosmetic surgery clinics in Tehran in 1401, and 210 of them were selected by available sampling method. And they responded to the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (BICI), Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), and the Cognitive Fusion Scale (CFS). After collecting the questionnaires, the collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis simultaneously. After collecting the questionnaires, the collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis simultaneously.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between maladaptive emotion cognitive regulation strategies and cognitive fusion with body image concern (P<0.01). There is a negative and significant relationship between adaptive emotion cognitive regulation strategies and mindfulness with concern about body image (P<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that 75/1 of the variance of body image concern is explained by the cognitive regulation of emotion, mindfulness and cognitive fusion.

In general, it can be concluded that the cognitive regulation of emotion, mindfulness and cognitive fusion play a special role in worrying about body image in women applying for cosmetic surgery. Therefore, it is suggested that treatment centers and hospitals pay special attention to treatments based on emotion regulation, treatments based on mindfulness, and treatments based on acceptance and commitment in women applying for cosmetic surgery, because this Therapeutic interventions reduce psychological problems such as depression, obsession, anxiety and stress, and this in turn can lead to an improvement in body image in women applying for cosmetic surgery.

Specific changes during adolescence make them more vulnerable to experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the role of victimization by peers and school connectedness in predicting the suicidal thoughts of adolescent girls.

The present study was a descriptive correlation. The population of this research included all the female students in the second year of secondary school in Ahvaz, who were studying in the academic year 2020-2021. The study sample was 343 female students who participated in the research using the available sampling method. To collect data, Beck's suicidal thoughts questionnaires, Illinois bullying, and school connection questionnaires were used.  Research data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression.

The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between being victimized by peers and suicidal thoughts (P < 0.01), and there is also a negative and significant relationship between being connected to school and suicidal thoughts (P < 0.01). The results of multiple regression showed that 21% of the variance of suicidal thoughts is explained by victimization by peers and the connection with school.

Victimization by peers and connection with school can predict the suicidal thoughts of adolescent girls. Therefore, it is suggested that counselors consider the role of these variables to reduce suicidal thoughts and improve the mental health of adolescents.

Quality of life is one of the basic areas that are of fundamental and undeniable importance in the process of human growth and development. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the predictive role of contextual factors (psychological flexibility, acceptance, and self-compassion) in the quality of life of migraine patients.

The current research was fundamental in terms of its purpose and correlational (regression) in terms of descriptive method. The statistical population included all patients with migraines who were referred to neurology clinics in Mashhad in the second half of 1401. The sample size of the research was considered to be 222 people using JPower software, who were diagnosed with migraine based on the diagnosis of a neurologist in Qaim and Farabi Hospital, using an available sampling method. The questionnaires were completed. Data were collected through the questionnaires of health context (SF-36), acceptance of chronic pain (P-CPAQ), self-compassion (short form) (SCS), and acceptance and action (AAQ-II). Then the data was analyzed using spss26 software and multiple regression method.

The results of multiple regression showed that tissue factors were able to predict the quality of life of people with migraine (p < 0.05). The coefficient of determination was 0.14, which indicates that psychological flexibility, acceptance, and self-compassion can explain 14% of the changes in the quality of life of people with migraine. Also, the results of the standardized regression coefficients showed that involvement in activity, tendency to pain, and psychological flexibility in a positive way and extreme identification in a negative way were significantly able to predict the quality of life of migraine patients, but the rest of the components were able to predict the quality The lives of patients with migraine were not.

Based on the results of the research, the high acceptance of pain and psychological flexibility in migraine patients can lead to an increase in their quality of life.

Puberty health includes principles that lead to the monitoring and promotion of physical and mental health, and it is necessary to provide the necessary training to teenagers in this field. The current study has investigated the lived experience of female students from the neglect of puberty health in the health and hygiene curriculum.

This study is based on a qualitative approach and a descriptive phenomenology method, by studying students' lived experiences. Based on this, in 2022, the lived experiences of 19 twelfth-grade students have been investigated in West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan provinces using semi-structured interviews. The selection of participants has been done using the purposeful snowball sampling method. In order to verify the trustworthiness of the research information, the reliability criterion was used with two review methods by 12 participants and a review by 4 non-participating experts in the research. For the analysis of the data, Colaizzi’s strategy has been used.

From the data analysis, 237 codes, 7 themes, and 56 sub-themes were obtained. The themes extracted from the research are general neglect of puberty education, the overcoming of traditional cultural limitations, the one-dimensionality of puberty education, the high skills of medical staff, unrealistic expectations from adolescents, obstacles to puberty education, and the necessity of puberty education.

Planning puberty health education based on the strengths of the medical staff, realism towards puberty, and public attention to its education is a necessity.

Caring for the patient is not always associated with negative symptoms, but the positive experiences and feelings of the caregivers due to the ability to help others can encourage them to continue care despite its negative consequences. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness and schema therapy with emotion efficacy therapy on compassion satisfaction and sense of competence in caregivers of patients with dementia.

The research was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group. The statistical population included the caregivers of patients with dementia who were referred to neurology clinics in Isfahan in the summer of 2022. In so doing, 45 caregivers were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two experimental groups and a control group, each comprising 15 caregivers. The experimental groups underwent eight 90-minute sessions of mindfulness and schema therapy and emotion efficacy therapy, and the control group did not receive therapy during this period. The data were collected by Stamm’s Professional Quality of Life Scale and Vernooij-Dassen’s Sense of Competence Questionnaire and were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test using SPSS23.

Findings showed that both interventions increased compassion satisfaction and sense of competence in caregivers of patients with dementia, and the effects of both treatments continued into the follow-up phase (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the two experimental groups (p>0.05).

As the findings revealed, mindfulness and schema therapy and emotion efficacy therapy can be used to enhance compassion satisfaction and sense of competence of caregivers of patients with dementia.

Job burnout and dyslexia can be risk factors among nurses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job burnout with alexithymia in nurses who work in hospitals affiliated with the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences.

This is a descriptive-correlation study. The samples included 311 nurses working in hospitals affiliated with the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, who were included in the study through the quota sampling method. The data collection tool consisted of a two-part questionnaire. The first part was related to demographic information and the second part was related to the 20-item Toronto Bagby et al.'s (1994) alexithymia evaluation questionnaire and the 22-item job burnout questionnaire by Meslach et al. (1993). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 22 software and through Pearson's correlation analysis, independent t, one-way analysis of variance, one-way linear regression, and Sheffe's post hoc test.

The results showed that alexithymia and job burnout were respectively 82.1(SD=2.05) and 119.4 (SD=6.95) and two of these variables were significantly correlated (r=0.57, p=0.001). Findings showed that alexithymia (33%) explains nurses' job burnout changes.

In general, it can be stated that the higher the level of emotional illiteracy in a person (i.e., the person is weak in describing and recognizing their feelings and emotions and having low objective thinking), the more they will develop burnout syndrome. Therefore, proper planning for the identification of nurses’ emotional status as well as burnout and its related factors and educational interventions about emotional management and prevention of job burnout is needed.